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  19 <!--<div style="text-align: center; padding: 2.5px; background-color: #a94442; color:#fcf8e3;"><p>Due to Enigmail's PGP functionality being migrated into Icedove and Thunderbird, steps 2 and 3 of the guide are currently out of date.</p><p> Thank you for your patience while we're working on a new round of updates.</p></div>-->
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  26
  27
  28 <h1>Email Self-Defense</h1>
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  78 <div class="fsf-emphasis">
  79
  80 <p>We fight for computer users' rights, and promote the development of free (as
  81 in freedom) software. Resisting bulk surveillance is very important to us.</p>
  82
  83 <p><strong>Please donate to support Email Self-Defense. We need to keep
  84 improving it, and making more materials, for the benefit of people around
  85 the world taking the first step towards protecting their privacy.</strong></p>
  86
  87 </div>
  88
  89 <p><a
  90 href="https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&amp;id=14&amp;mtm_campaign=email_self_defense&amp;mtm_kwd=guide_donate"><img
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  94 </div><!-- End #fsf-intro -->
  95
  96 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Guide Introduction ~~~~~~~~~ -->
  97 <div class="intro">
  98
  99 <p><a id="infographic" href="infographic.html"><img
 100 src="../static/img/en/infographic-button.png"
 101 alt="View &amp; share our infographic &rarr;" /></a>
 102 Bulk surveillance violates our fundamental rights and makes free speech
 103 risky. This guide will teach you a basic surveillance self-defense skill: email
 104 encryption. Once you've finished, you'll be able to send and receive emails
 105 that are scrambled to make sure a surveillance agent or thief intercepting
 106 your email can't read them. All you need is a computer with an Internet
 107 connection, an email account, and about forty minutes.</p>
 108
 109 <p>Even if you have nothing to hide, using encryption helps protect the privacy
 110 of people you communicate with, and makes life difficult for bulk surveillance
 111 systems. If you do have something important to hide, you're in good company;
 112 these are the same tools that whistleblowers use to protect their identities
 113 while shining light on human rights abuses, corruption, and other crimes.</p>
 114
 115 <p>In addition to using encryption, standing up
 116 to surveillance requires fighting politically for a <a
 117 href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">reduction
 118 in the amount of data collected on us</a>, but the essential first step is
 119 to protect yourself and make surveillance of your communication as difficult
 120 as possible. This guide helps you do that. It is designed for beginners, but
 121 if you already know the basics of GnuPG or are an experienced free software
 122 user, you'll enjoy the advanced tips and the <a href="workshops.html">guide
 123 to teaching your friends</a>.</p>
 124
 125 </div><!-- End .intro -->
 126 </div></header><!-- End #header -->
 127
 128 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 1: Get the pieces ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 129 <section class="row" id="section1"><div>
 130
 131 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 132 <div class="section-intro">
 133
 134 <h2><em>#1</em> Get the pieces</h2>
 135
 136 <p class="notes">This guide relies on software which is <a
 137 href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">freely licensed</a>;
 138 it's completely transparent and anyone can copy it or make their
 139 own version. This makes it safer from surveillance than proprietary
 140 software (like Windows or macOS). Learn more about free software at <a
 141 href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">fsf.org</a>.</p>
 142
 143 <p>Most GNU/Linux operating systems come with GnuPG installed on them, so if you're running one of these systems, you don't have to download it. If you're running macOS or Windows, steps to download GnuPG are below. Before configuring your encryption setup with this guide, though, you'll need a desktop email program installed on your computer. Many GNU/Linux distributions have one installed already, such as Icedove, which may be under the alternate name "Thunderbird." Programs like these are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like Gmail), but provide extra features.</p>
 144
 145 <p>If you already have an email program, you can skip to <a
 146 href="#section2">Step 2</a>.</p>
 147
 148 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 149
 150 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 151 <div id="step-1a" class="step">
 152 <div class="sidebar">
 153
 154 <p><img
 155 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step1a-install-wizard.png"
 156 alt="Step 1.A: Install Wizard" /></p>
 157
 158 </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 159 <div class="main">
 160
 161 <h3><em>Step 1.a</em> Set up your email program with your email account</h3>
 162
 163 <p>Open your email program and follow the wizard (step-by-step walkthrough)
 164 that sets it up with your email account. This usually starts from "Account Settings" &rarr; "Add Mail Account". You should get the email server settings from your systems administrator or the help section of your email account.</p>
 165 <br />
 166
 167 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 168 <div class="troubleshooting">
 169
 170 <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 171
 172 <dl>
 173 <dt>The wizard doesn't launch</dt>
 174 <dd>You can launch the wizard yourself, but the menu option for doing so is
 175 named differently in each email program. The button to launch it will be in
 176 the program's main menu, under "New" or something similar, titled something
 177 like "Add account" or "New/Existing email account."</dd>
 178
 179 <dt>The wizard can't find my account or isn't downloading my mail</dt>
 180 <dd>Before searching the Web, we recommend you start by asking other people
 181 who use your email system, to figure out the correct settings.</dd>
 182
 183 <dt>I can't find the menu</dt>
 184 <dd>In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of
 185 three stacked horizontal bars.</dd>
 186
 187 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 188 <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
 189 href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback
 190 page</a>.</dd>
 191 </dl>
 192
 193 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 194 </div><!-- End .main -->
 195 </div><!-- End #step1-a .step -->
 196
 197 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 198 <div id="step-1b" class="step">
 199 <div class="main">
 200
 201 <h3><em>Step 1.b</em> Get your terminal ready and install GnuPG</h3>
 202
 203 <p>If you are using a GNU/Linux machine, you should already have GnuPG installed, and you can skip to <a href="#section2">Step 2</a>.</p>
 204 <p>If you are using a macOS or Windows machine, however, you need to first install the GnuPG program. Select your operating system below and follow the steps. For the rest of the steps in this guide, the steps are the same for all operating systems. </p>
 205
 206 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ MACOS ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 207 <div class="troubleshooting">
 208
 209 <h4>macOS</h4>
 210
 211 <dl>
 212 <dt>Use a third-party package manager to install GnuPG</dt>
 213 <dd>Your macOS comes with a program called "Terminal" pre-installed, which we'll use to set up your encryption with GnuPG, using the command line. However, the default macOS package manager makes it difficult to install GnuPG and other pieces of free software (like Emacs, GIMP, or Inkscape).<br/>
 214 To make things easier, we recommend setting up the third-party package manager "Homebrew" to install GnuPG. Copy the link on the home page of <a href="https://brew.sh/">Homebrew</a> and paste it in Terminal. Click "Enter" and wait for it to finalize.<br/>
 215 When it is done, install the program by entering the following code in Terminal:<br/>
 216 <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">brew install gnupg gnupg2</span>. After installation is done, you can follow the steps of the rest of this guide.</dd>
 217 </dl>
 218
 219 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 220
 221 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ WINDOWS ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 222 <div class="troubleshooting">
 223
 224 <h4>Windows</h4>
 225
 226 <dl>
 227 <dt>Get GnuPG by downloading GPG4Win</dt>
 228 <dd><p><a href="https://www.gpg4win.org/">GPG4Win</a> is an email and file encryption software package that includes GnuPG. Download and install the latest version, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.</p>
 229
 230 <p class="notes">To follow the rest of the steps in this guide, you'll use the program called "PowerShell", which is a program you'll see elsewhere referred to as a "terminal." This allows you to operate your computer using the command line.</p>
 231 </dd>
 232 </dl>
 233
 234 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 235 </div><!-- End .main -->
 236 </div><!-- End #step1-b .step -->
 237
 238 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 239 <div id="terminology" class="step">
 240 <div class="main">
 241
 242 <h3>GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?</h3>
 243
 244 <p>In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP
 245 are used interchangeably. Technically, OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the
 246 encryption standard, and GNU Privacy Guard (often shortened to GPG or GnuPG)
 247 is the program that implements the standard. Most email programs provide an interface for GnuPG. There is also a newer version of GnuPG, called GnuPG2.</p>
 248
 249 </div><!-- End .main -->
 250 </div><!-- End #terminology.step-->
 251
 252 </div></section><!-- End #section1 -->
 253
 254 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 2: Make your keys ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 255 <section id="section2" class="row"><div>
 256
 257 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 258 <div class="section-intro">
 259
 260 <h2><em>#2</em> Make your keys</h2>
 261 <p><img style="float:right; width:400px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2a-01-make-keypair.png" alt="A robot with a head shaped like a key holding a private and a public key"/></p>
 262
 263 <p>To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known
 264 together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers
 265 and letters that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked
 266 together by a special mathematical function.</p>
 267
 268 <p>Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open
 269 in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it,
 270 along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the
 271 keyserver as a phonebook; people who want to send you encrypted email can
 272 look up your public key.</p>
 273
 274 <p>Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to
 275 yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key together to
 276 descramble encrypted emails other people send to you. <span style="font-weight:
 277 bold;">You should never share your private key with anyone, under any
 278 circumstances.</span></p>
 279
 280 <p>In addition to encryption and decryption, you can also use these keys to
 281 sign messages and check the authenticity of other people's signatures. We'll
 282 discuss this more in the next section.</p>
 283
 284 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 285
 286 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 287 <div id="step-2a" class="step">
 288 <div class="sidebar">
 289 <p><img
 290 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2a-02-make-keypair.png"
 291 alt="Step 2.A: Make your Keypair" /></p>
 292 <br />
 293 <p><img
 294 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2a-03-make-keypair.png"
 295 alt="Step 2.A: Set your passphrase" /></p>
 296 <br />
 297
 298 </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 299 <div class="main">
 300
 301 <h3><em>Step 2.a</em> Make a keypair</h3>
 302 <h6>Make your keypair</h6>
 303 <p>Open a terminal. Find it in your applications (in some cases of GNU/Linux you can use the <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ctrl + alt + t</span> shortcut). Use the following code to create your keypair in the terminal:</p>
 304
 305 <p class="notes">We will use the command line in a terminal to create a keypair using the GnuPG program. A terminal should be installed on your GNU/Linux operating system, if you are using a macOS or Windows OS system, use the programs "Terminal" (macOS) or "PowerShell" (Windows) that were also used in section 1.</p>
 306
 307 <p># <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --full-generate-key</span> to start the process.</p>
 308 <p># To answer what kind of key you would like to create, select the default option <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;"> 1 RSA and RSA</span>.</p>
 309 <p># Enter the following keysize: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">4096</span> for a strong key.</p>
 310 <p># Choose the expiration date, we suggest <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">2y</span> (2 years).</p>
 311 <p>Follow the prompts to continue setting up with your personal details.</p>
 312
 313 <br />
 314 <h6>Set your passphrase</h6>
 315 <p>On the screen titled "Passphrase," pick a strong password! You can
 316 do it manually, or you can use the Diceware method. Doing it manually
 317 is faster but not as secure. Using Diceware takes longer and requires
 318 dice, but creates a password that is much harder for attackers to figure
 319 out. To use it, read the section "Make a secure passphrase with Diceware" in <a
 320 href="https://theintercept.com/2015/03/26/passphrases-can-memorize-attackers-cant-guess/">
 321 this article</a> by Micah Lee.</p>
 322
 323
 324 <p>If you'd like to pick a passphrase manually, come up with something
 325 you can remember which is at least twelve characters long, and includes
 326 at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or
 327 punctuation symbol. Never pick a password you've used elsewhere. Don't use
 328 any recognizable patterns, such as birthdays, telephone numbers, pets' names,
 329 song lyrics, quotes from books, and so on.</p>
 330
 331 <br />
 332
 333 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 334 <div class="troubleshooting">
 335
 336 <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 337 <dl>
 338 <dt>GnuPG is not installed</dt>
 339 <dd>
 340 GPG is not installed. You can check if this is the case with the command <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --version</span>.
 341 If GnuPG is not installed, it would bring up the following result on most GNU/Linux operating systems, or something like it:
 342 <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">Command 'gpg' not found, but can be installed with:
 343   sudo apt install gnupg</span>. Follow that command and install the program.</dd>
 344
 345 <dt>I took too long to create my passphrase</dt>
 346 <dd>That's okay. It's important to think about your passphrase. When you're ready, just follow the steps from the beginning again to create your key.</dd>
 347
 348 <dt>How can I see my key?</dt>
 349 <dd>
 350 Use the following command to see all keys <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --list-keys</span>. Yours should be listed in there, and later, so will Edward's (<a href="#section3">section 3</a>). If you want to see only your key, you can use <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --list-key [your@email]</span>.
 351 You can also use <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --list-secret-key</span> to see your own private key.</dd>
 352
 353 <dt>More resources</dt>
 354 <dd>For more information about this process, you can also refer to <a
 355 href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/c14.html#AEN25">The GNU Privacy
 356 Handbook</a>. Make sure you stick with "RSA and RSA" (the default),
 357 because it's newer and more secure than the algorithms the documentation
 358 recommends. Also make sure your key is at least 4096 bits if you
 359 want to be secure.</dd>
 360
 361 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 362 <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
 363 href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback
 364 page</a>.</dd>
 365 </dl>
 366
 367 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 368
 369 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 370 <div class="troubleshooting">
 371
 372 <h4>Advanced</h4>
 373 <dl>
 374 <dt>Advanced key pairs</dt>
 375 <dd>When GnuPG creates a new keypair, it compartmentalizes
 376 the encryption function from the signing function through <a
 377 href="https://wiki.debian.org/Subkeys">subkeys</a>. If you use
 378 subkeys carefully, you can keep your GnuPG identity more
 379 secure and recover from a compromised key much more quickly. <a
 380 href="https://alexcabal.com/creating-the-perfect-gpg-keypair/">Alex Cabal</a>
 381 and <a href="https://keyring.debian.org/creating-key.html">the Debian wiki</a>
 382 provide good guides for setting up a secure subkey configuration.</dd>
 383 </dl>
 384
 385 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 386 </div><!-- End .main -->
 387 </div><!-- End #step-2a .step -->
 388
 389 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 390 <div id="step-2b" class="step">
 391 <div class="sidebar">
 392 <p><img
 393 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2b-04-upload-and-certificate.png"
 394 alt="Step 2.B: Send to server and generate a certificate" /></p>
 395
 396 </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 397 <div class="main">
 398
 399 <h3><em>Step 2.b</em> Some important steps following creation</h3>
 400
 401 <h6>Upload your key to a keyserver</h6>
 402 <p>We will upload your key to a keyserver, so if someone wants to send you an encrypted message, they can download your public key from the Internet. There are multiple keyservers
 403 that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies
 404 of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes
 405 takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.</p>
 406 <p># Copy your keyID <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-key [your@email]</span> will list your public ("pub") key information, including your keyID, which is a unique list of numbers and letters. Copy this keyID, so you can use it in the following command.</p>
 407 <p># Upload your key to a server: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --send-key [keyID]</span></p>
 408
 409 <br />
 410
 411 <h6>Export your key to a file</h6>
 412 <p>Use the following command to export your secret key so you can import it into your email client at the next <a href="#section3">step</a>. To avoid getting your key compromised, store this in a safe place, and make sure that if it is transferred, it is done so in a trusted way. Exporting your keys can be done with the following commands:</p>
 413
 414 <p><span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
 415 $ gpg --export-secret-keys -a [keyID] > my_secret_key.asc<br/>
 416 $ gpg --export -a [keyID] > my_public_key.asc
 417 </span></p>
 418
 419 <br />
 420
 421 <h6>Generate a revocation certificate</h6>
 422 <p>Just in case you lose your key, or it gets compromised, you want to generate a certificate  and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer for now (please refer to <a href="#step-6c"> step 6.C</a> for how to best store your revocation cerficate safely). This step is essential for your email self-defense, as you'll learn more about in <a href="#section5">Section 5</a>.</p>
 423
 424 <p># Copy your keyID <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-key [your@email]</span> will list your public ("pub") key information, including your keyID, which is a unique list of numbers and letters. Copy this keyID, so you can use it in the following command.</p>
 425 <p># Generate a revocation certificate: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --gen-revoke --output revoke.asc [keyID]</span></p>
 426 <p># It will prompt you to give a reason for revocation, we recommend to use <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">1 "key has been compromised"</span></p>
 427 <p># You don't have to fill in a reason, but you can, then press enter for an empty line, and confirm your selection.</p>
 428
 429 <br />
 430
 431 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 432 <div class="troubleshooting">
 433
 434 <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 435
 436 <dl>
 437 <dt>My key doesn't seem to be working or I get a "permission denied."</dt>
 438 <dd><p>Like every other file or folder, gpg keys are subject to permissions. If these are not set correctly, your system may not be accepting your keys. You can follow the next steps to check, and update to the right permissions.</p>
 439
 440 <p># Check your permissions: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ls -l ~/.gnupg/*</span></p>
 441 <p># Set permissions to read, write, execute for only yourself, no others. These are the recommended permissions for your folder. <br/>
 442 You can use the code <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">chmod 700 ~/.gnupg</span></p>
 443 <p># Set permissions to read and write for yourself only, no others. These are the recommended permissions for the keys inside your folder. <br/>
 444 You can use the code: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">chmod 600 ~/.gnupg/*</span></p>
 445
 446 <p class="notes">If you have (for any reason) created your own folders inside ~/.gnupg, you must also additionally apply execute permissions to that folder. Folders require execution privileges to be opened. For more information on permissions, you can check out <a href="https://helpdeskgeek.com/linux-tips/understanding-linux-permissions-chmod-usage/">this detailed information guide</a>.</p>
 447 </dd>
 448 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 449 <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
 450 href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback
 451 page</a>.</dd>
 452 </dl>
 453
 454 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 455
 456 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 457 <div class="troubleshooting">
 458
 459 <h4>Advanced</h4>
 460
 461 <dl>
 462 <dt>More about keyservers</dt>
 463 <dd>You can find some more keyserver information<a
 464 href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x457.html"> in this manual</a>. <a
 465 href="https://sks-keyservers.net/overview-of-pools.php">The sks Web site</a>
 466 maintains a list of highly interconnected keyservers. You can also <a
 467 href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x56.html#AEN64">directly export
 468 your key</a> as a file on your computer.</dd>
 469
 470 <dt>Transferring your keys</dt>
 471 <dd>
 472 <p>Use the following commands to transfer your keys. To avoid getting your key compromised, store it in a safe place, and make sure that if it is transferred, it is done so in a trusted way. Importing and exporting a key can be done with the following commands:</p>
 473
 474 <p><span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
 475 $ gpg --export-secret-keys -a [keyID] > my_private_key.asc<br/>
 476 $ gpg --export -a [keyID] > my_public_key.asc<br/>
 477 $ gpg --import my_private_key.asc<br/>
 478 $ gpg --import my_public_key.asc
 479 </span></p>
 480
 481 <p>Ensure that the keyID printed is the correct one, and if so, then go ahead and add ultimate trust for it:</p>
 482
 483 <p><span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
 484 $ gpg --edit-key [your@email]
 485 </span></p>
 486
 487 <p>Because this is your key, you should choose <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ultimate</span>. You shouldn't trust anyone else's key ultimately.</p>
 488
 489 <p class="notes"> Refer to <a href="#step-2b">troubleshoot in step 2.B</a> for more information on permissions. When transferring keys, your permissions may get mixed, and errors may be prompted. These are easily avoided when your folders and files have the right permissions</p>
 490 </dd>
 491 </dl>
 492
 493 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 494 </div><!-- End .main -->
 495 </div><!-- End #step-2b .step -->
 496 </div></section><!-- End #section2 -->
 497
 498 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 3: Set up email encryption ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 499 <section id="section3" class="row"><div>
 500
 501 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 502 <div class="section-intro">
 503
 504 <h2><em>#3</em> Set up email encryption</h2>
 505 <p class="notes">The Icedove (or Thunderbird) email program has PGP functionality integrated, which makes it pretty easy to work with. We'll take you through the steps of integrating and using your key in these email clients.</p>
 506
 507 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 508
 509 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 510 <div id="step-3a" class="step">
 511 <div class="sidebar">
 512
 513 <p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-open-key-manager.png"
 514 alt="Step 3.A: Email Menu" /></p>
 515 <br />
 516 <p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-import-from-file.png"
 517 alt="Step 3.A: Import From File" /></p>
 518 <br />
 519 <p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-success.png"
 520 alt="Step 3.A: Success" /></p>
 521 <br />
 522 <p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-troubleshoot.png"
 523 alt="Step 3.A: Troubleshoot" /></p>
 524 </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 525 <div class="main">
 526
 527 <h3><em>Step 3.a</em> Set up your email with encryption</h3>
 528
 529 <p>Once you have set up your email with encryption, you can start contributing to encrypted traffic on the Internet. First we'll get your email client to import your secret key, and we will also learn how to get other people's public keys from servers so you can send and receive encrypted email.</p>
 530
 531 <p># Open your email client and use "Tools" &rarr; <span style="color:#2f5faa;">OpenPGP Manager</span></p>
 532 <p># Under "File" &rarr; <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Import Secret Key(s) From File</span></p>
 533 <p># Select the file you saved under the name [my_secret_key.asc] in step <a href="#step-3b">step 3.b</a> when you exported your key</p>
 534 <p># Unlock with your passphrase</p>
 535 <p># You will receive a "OpenPGP keys successfully imported" window to confirm success</p>
 536 <p># Go to "Edit" (in Icedove) or "Tools" (in Thunderbird) &rarr; "Account settings" &rarr; "End-To-End Encryption," and make sure your key is imported and select <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Treat this key as a Personal Key</span>.</p>
 537
 538 </div><!-- End .main -->
 539
 540 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 541 <div class="main">
 542 <div class="troubleshooting">
 543 <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 544 <dl>
 545 <dt>I'm not sure the import worked correctly</dt>
 546 <dd>
 547 Look for "Account settings" &rarr; "End-To-End Encryption." Here you can see if your personal key associated with this email is found. If it is not, you can try again via the <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Add key</span> option. Make sure you have the correct, active, secret key file.
 548 </dd>
 549
 550 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 551 <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
 552 href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback
 553 page</a>.</dd>
 554 </dl>
 555
 556 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 557 </div><!-- End .main -->
 558 </div><!-- End #step3-a .step -->
 559 </div></section><!-- End #section3 -->
 560
 561 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 4: Try it out ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 562 <section class="row" id="section4"><div>
 563
 564 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 565 <div class="section-intro">
 566
 567 <h2><em>#4</em> Try it out!</h2>
 568 <p><img style="float:right; width:250px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section3-try-it-out.png" alt="Illustration of a person in a house with a cat connected to a server"/></p>
 569 <p>Now you'll try a test correspondence with an FSF computer program named Edward,
 570 who knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same
 571 steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.</p>
 572
 573 <!-- <p>NOTE: Edward is currently having some technical difficulties, so he
 574 may take a long time to respond, or not respond at all. We're sorry about
 575 this and we're working hard to fix it. Your key will still work even without
 576 testing with Edward.</p> -->
 577 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 578
 579 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 580 <div id="step-4a" class="step">
 581 <div class="sidebar">
 582
 583 <p><img
 584 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4a-send-key-to-Edward.png"
 585 alt="Step 4.A Send key to Edward." /></p>
 586
 587 </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 588 <div class="main">
 589
 590 <h3><em>Step 4.a</em> Send Edward your public key</h3>
 591
 592 <p>This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding
 593 with real people. In your email program's menu, go to "Tools" &rarr; "OpenPGP Key
 594 Manager." You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click
 595 on your key and select <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Send Public Keys by Email</span>. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the "Write" button, but in the attachment you will find your public keyfile.</p>
 596
 597 <p>Address the message to <a
 598 href="mailto:edward-en@fsf.org">edward-en@fsf.org</a>. Put at least one word
 599 (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email. Don't send yet.</p>
 600
 601 <p>We want Edward to be able to open the email with your keyfile, so we want this first special message to be unencrypted. Make sure encryption is turned off by using the dropdown menu "Security" and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Do Not Encrypt</span>. Once encryption is off, hit Send.</p>
 602
 603 <p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Edward to
 604 respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a
 605 href="#section6">Use it Well</a> section of this guide. Once you have received a response,
 606 head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as
 607 when corresponding with a real person.</p>
 608
 609 <p>When you open Edward's reply, GnuPG may prompt you for your passphrase
 610 before using your private key to decrypt it.</p>
 611
 612 </div><!-- End .main -->
 613 </div><!-- End #step-4a .step -->
 614
 615 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 616 <div id="step-4b" class="step">
 617 <div class="sidebar">
 618
 619 <p><img
 620 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4b-option1-verify-key.png"
 621 alt="Step 4.B Option 1. Verify key" /></p>
 622
 623 <br />
 624 <p><img
 625 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4b-option2-import-key.png"
 626 alt="Step 4.B Option 2. Import key" /></p>
 627 </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 628
 629 <div class="main">
 630
 631 <h3><em>Step 4.b</em> Send a test encrypted email</h3>
 632 <h6>Get Edward's key</h6>
 633 <p>To encrypt an email to Edward, you need its public key, so now you'll have
 634 to download it from a keyserver. You can do this in two different ways:</p>
 635 <p><strong>Option 1.</strong> In the email answer you received from Edward as a response to your first email, Edward's public key was included. On the right of the email, just above the writing area, you will find an "OpenPGP" button that has a lock and a little wheel next to it. Click that, and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Discover</span> next to the text: "This message was signed with a key that you don't yet have." A popup with Edward's key details will follow.</p>
 636
 637 <p><strong>Option 2.</strong> Open your OpenPGP manager and under "Keyserver" choose <span style="color:#2f5faa">Discover Keys Online</span>. Here, fill in Edward's email address, and import Edward's key.</p>
 638
 639 <p>The option <span style="color:#2f5faa">Accepted (unverified)</span> will add this key to your key manager, and now it can be used to send encrypted emails and to verify digital signatures from Edward.</p>
 640
 641 <p class="notes">In the popup window confirming if you want to import Edward's key, you'll see many  different emails that are all associated with its key. This is correct; you can safely import the key.</p>
 642
 643 <p class="notes">Since you encrypted this email with Edward's public key,
 644 Edward's private key is required to decrypt it. Edward is the only one with
 645 its private key, so no one except Edward can decrypt it.</p>
 646
 647 <br />
 648 <h6>Send Edward an encrypted email</h6>
 649
 650 <p> Write a new email in your email program, addressed to <a
 651 href="mailto:edward-en@fsf.org">edward-en@fsf.org</a>. Make the subject
 652 "Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body.</p>
 653
 654 <p>This time, make sure encryption is turned on by using the dropdown menu "Security" and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Require Encryption</span>. Once encryption is on, hit Send.</p>
 655
 656 <br />
 657
 658 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 659 <div class="troubleshooting">
 660
 661 <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 662
 663 <dl>
 664 <dt>"Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found"</dt>
 665 <dd>You could get the above error message, or something along these lines:  "Unable to send this message with end-to-end encryption, because there are problems with the keys of the following recipients: ..." In these cases, you may be trying to send an encrypted email to someone when you do not have their public key yet. Make sure you follow the steps above to import the key to your key manager. Open OpenPGP Key Manager to make sure the recipient is listed there.</dd>
 666
 667 <dt>Unable to send message</dt>
 668 <dd>You could get the following message when trying to send your encrypted email: "Unable to send this message with end-to-end encryption, because there are problems with the keys of the following recipients: edward-en@fsf.org." This usually means you imported the key with the "unaccepted (unverified) option." Go to the "key properties" of this key by right clicking on the key in the OpenPGP Key Manager, and select the option <span style="color:#2f5faa">Yes, but I have not verified that this is the correct key</span> in the "Acceptance" option at the bottom of this window. Resend the email.</dd>
 669
 670 <dt>I can't find Edward's key</dt>
 671 <dd>Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked Send. Make sure
 672 you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat
 673 the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.</dd>
 674
 675 <dt>Unscrambled messages in the Sent folder</dt>
 676 <dd>Even though you can't decrypt messages encrypted to someone else's key,
 677 your email program will automatically save a copy encrypted to your public key,
 678 which you'll be able to view from the Sent folder like a normal email. This
 679 is normal, and it doesn't mean that your email was not sent encrypted.</dd>
 680
 681 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 682 <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
 683 href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback
 684 page</a>.</dd>
 685 </dl>
 686
 687 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 688
 689 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 690 <div class="troubleshooting">
 691
 692 <h4>Advanced</h4>
 693
 694 <dl>
 695 <dt>Encrypt messages from the command line</dt>
 696 <dd>You can also encrypt and decrypt messages and files from the <a
 697 href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x110.html">command line</a>,
 698 if that's your preference. The option --armor makes the encrypted output
 699 appear in the regular character set.</dd>
 700 </dl>
 701
 702 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 703 </div><!-- End .main -->
 704 </div><!-- End #step-4b .step -->
 705
 706 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 707 <div id="step-headers_unencrypted" class="step">
 708 <div class="main">
 709
 710 <h3><em>Important:</em> Security tips</h3>
 711
 712 <p>Even if you encrypt your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so
 713 don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses
 714 aren't encrypted either, so a surveillance system can still figure out who
 715 you're communicating with. Also, surveillance agents will know that you're
 716 using GnuPG, even if they can't figure out what you're saying. When you
 717 send attachments, you can choose to encrypt them or not,
 718 independent of the actual email.</p>
 719
 720 <p>For greater security against potential attacks, you can turn off
 721 HTML. Instead, you can render the message body as plain text. In order
 722 to do this in Icedove or Thunderbird, go to "View" &rarr; "Message Body As" &rarr; "Plain
 723 Text."</p>
 724
 725 </div><!-- End .main -->
 726 </div><!-- End #step-headers_unencrypted .step-->
 727
 728 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 729 <div id="step-4c" class="step">
 730 <div class="sidebar">
 731
 732 <p><img
 733 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4c-Edward-response.png"
 734 alt="Step 4.C Edward's response" /></p>
 735
 736 </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 737
 738 <div class="main">
 739
 740 <h3><em>Step 4.c</em> Receive a response</h3>
 741
 742 <p>When Edward receives your email, it will use its private key to decrypt
 743 it, then reply to you. </p>
 744
 745 <p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Edward to
 746 respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a
 747 href="#section6">Use it Well</a> section of this guide.</p>
 748
 749 <p>Edward will send you an encrypted email back saying your email was received and decrypted. Your email client will automatically decrypt Edward's message.</p>
 750
 751 <p class="notes">The OpenPGP button in the email will show a little green checkmark over the lock symbol to show the message is encrypted, and a little orange warning sign which means that you have accepted the key, but not verified it. When you have not yet accepted the key, you will see a little question mark there. Clicking the prompts in this button will lead you to key properties as well.</p>
 752
 753 </div><!-- End .main -->
 754 </div><!-- End #step-4c .step -->
 755
 756 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 757 <div id="step-4d" class="step">
 758 <div class="main">
 759
 760 <h3><em>Step 4.d</em> Send a signed test email</h3>
 761
 762 <p>GnuPG includes a way for you to sign messages and files, verifying that
 763 they came from you and that they weren't tampered with along the way. These
 764 signatures are stronger than their pen-and-paper cousins -- they're impossible
 765 to forge, because they're impossible to create without your private key
 766 (another reason to keep your private key safe).</p>
 767
 768 <p>You can sign messages to anyone, so it's a great way to make people
 769 aware that you use GnuPG and that they can communicate with you securely. If
 770 they don't have GnuPG, they will be able to read your message and see your
 771 signature. If they do have GnuPG, they'll also be able to verify that your
 772 signature is authentic.</p>
 773
 774 <p>To sign an email to Edward, compose any message to the email address and click the
 775 pencil icon next to the lock icon so that it turns gold. If you sign a
 776 message, GnuPG may ask you for your password before it sends the message,
 777 because it needs to unlock your private key for signing.</p>
 778
 779 <p>In "Account Settings" &rarr; "End-To-End-Encryption" you can opt to <span style="color:#2f5faa">add digital signature by default</span>.</p>
 780
 781 </div><!-- End .main -->
 782 </div><!-- End #step-4d .step -->
 783
 784 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 785 <div id="step-4e" class="step">
 786 <div class="main">
 787
 788 <h3><em>Step 4.e</em> Receive a response</h3>
 789
 790 <p>When Edward receives your email, he will use your public key (which
 791 you sent him in <a href="#step-3a">Step 3.A</a>) to verify the message
 792 you sent has not been tampered with and to encrypt a reply to you.</p>
 793
 794 <p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Edward to
 795 respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a
 796 href="#section6">Use it Well</a> section of this guide.</p>
 797
 798 <p>Edward's reply will arrive encrypted, because he prefers to use encryption
 799 whenever possible. If everything goes according to plan, it should say
 800 "Your signature was verified." If your test signed email was also encrypted,
 801 he will mention that first.</p>
 802
 803 <p>When you receive Edward's email and open it, your email client will
 804 automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and
 805 then it will use your private key to decrypt it.</p>
 806
 807 </div><!-- End .main -->
 808 </div><!-- End #step-4e .step -->
 809 </div></section>
 810
 811 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 5: Learn About the Web of Trust ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 812 <section class="row" id="section5"><div>
 813
 814 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 815 <div class="section-intro">
 816
 817 <h2><em>#5</em> Learn about the Web of Trust</h2>
 818 <p><img style="float:right; width:250px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section5-web-of-trust.png" alt="Illustration of keys all interconnected with a web of lines"/></p>
 819
 820 <p>Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness:
 821 it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually
 822 theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making
 823 an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it, and
 824 impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that
 825 developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.</p>
 826
 827 <p>When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you've verified
 828 that it belongs to them and not someone else.</p>
 829
 830 <p>Signing keys and signing messages use the same type of mathematical
 831 operation, but they carry very different implications. It's a good practice
 832 to generally sign your email, but if you casually sign people's keys, you
 833 may accidently end up vouching for the identity of an imposter.</p>
 834
 835 <p>People who use your public key can see who has signed it. Once you've
 836 used GnuPG for a long time, your key may have hundreds of signatures. You
 837 can consider a key to be more trustworthy if it has many signatures from
 838 people that you trust. The Web of Trust is a constellation of GnuPG users,
 839 connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures.</p>
 840
 841 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 842
 843 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 844 <div id="step-5a" class="step">
 845 <div class="sidebar">
 846
 847 <p><img
 848 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step5a-key-properties.png"
 849 alt="Section 5: trusting a key" /></p>
 850
 851 </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 852 <div class="main">
 853
 854 <h3><em>Step 5.a</em> Sign a key</h3>
 855
 856 <p>In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP Key Manager and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Key properties</span> by right clicking on Edward's key.</p>
 857
 858 <p>Under "Your Acceptance," you can select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Yes, I've verified in person this key has the correct fingerprint"</span>.</p>
 859
 860 <p class="notes">You've just effectively said "I trust that Edward's public
 861 key actually belongs to Edward." This doesn't mean much because Edward isn't
 862 a real person, but it's good practice, and for real people it is important. You can read more about signing a person's key in the <a href="#check-ids-before-signing">check IDs before signing</a> section.</p>
 863
 864 <!--<div id="pgp-pathfinder">
 865
 866 <form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" action="/mk_path.cgi"
 867 method="get">
 868
 869 <p><strong>From:</strong><input type="text" value="xD41A008"
 870 name="FROM"></p>
 871
 872 <p><strong>To:</strong><input type="text" value="50BD01x4" name="TO"></p>
 873
 874 <p class="buttons"><input type="submit" value="trust paths" name="PATHS"><input
 875 type="reset" value="reset" name=".reset"></p>
 876
 877 </form>
 878
 879 </div>End #pgp-pathfinder -->
 880 </div><!-- End .main -->
 881 </div><!-- End #step-5a .step -->
 882
 883 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 884 <div id="step-identify_keys" class="step">
 885 <div class="main">
 886
 887 <h3>Identifying keys: Fingerprints and IDs</h3>
 888
 889 <p>People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint,
 890 which is a string of digits like F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8
 891 (for Edward's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and
 892 other public keys saved on your computer, by going to OpenPGP Key
 893 Management in your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key
 894 and choosing Key Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint
 895 wherever you share your email address, so that people can double-check that
 896 they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.</p>
 897
 898 <p class="notes">You may also see public keys referred to by a shorter
 899 keyID. This keyID is visible directly from the Key Management
 900 window. These eight character keyIDs were previously used for
 901 identification, which used to be safe, but is no longer reliable. You
 902 need to check the full fingerprint as part of verifying you have the
 903 correct key for the person you are trying to contact. Spoofing, in
 904 which someone intentionally generates a key with a fingerprint whose
 905 final eight characters are the same as another, is unfortunately
 906 common.</p>
 907
 908 </div><!-- End .main -->
 909 </div><!-- End #step-identify_keys .step-->
 910
 911 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 912 <div id="check-ids-before-signing" class="step">
 913 <div class="main">
 914
 915 <h3><em>Important:</em> What to consider when signing keys</h3>
 916
 917 <p>Before signing a person's key, you need to be confident that it actually
 918 belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ideally, this
 919 confidence comes from having interactions and conversations with them over
 920 time, and witnessing interactions between them and others. Whenever signing
 921 a key, ask to see the full public key fingerprint, and not just the shorter
 922 keyID. If you feel it's important to sign the key of someone you've just
 923 met, also ask them to show you their government identification, and make
 924 sure the name on the ID matches the name on the public key.</p>
 925
 926 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 927 <div class="troubleshooting">
 928
 929 <h4>Advanced</h4>
 930
 931 <dl>
 932 <dt>Master the Web of Trust</dt>
 933 <dd>Unfortunately, trust does not spread between users the way <a
 934 href="https://fennetic.net/irc/finney.org/~hal/web_of_trust.html">many people
 935 think</a>. One of the best ways to strengthen the GnuPG community is to deeply <a
 936 href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x334.html">understand</a> the Web of
 937 Trust and to carefully sign as many people's keys as circumstances permit.</dd>
 938 </dl>
 939
 940 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 941 </div><!-- End .main -->
 942 </div><!-- End #check-ids-before-signing .step-->
 943 </div></section><!-- End #section5 -->
 944
 945 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 6: Use it well ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 946 <section id="section6" class="row"><div>
 947
 948 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 949 <div class="section-intro">
 950
 951 <h2><em>#6</em> Use it well</h2>
 952
 953 <p>Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow
 954 some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you
 955 risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own,
 956 and damage the Web of Trust.</p>
 957
 958 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 959
 960 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 961 <div id="step-6a" class="step">
 962 <div class="sidebar">
 963
 964 <p><img
 965 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section6-01-use-it-well.png"
 966 alt="Section 6: Use it Well (1)" /></p>
 967
 968 </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 969 <div class="main">
 970
 971 <h3>When should I encrypt? When should I sign?</h3>
 972
 973 <p>The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. If you only encrypt
 974 emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for
 975 surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people
 976 doing surveillance won't know where to start. That's not to say that only
 977 encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it
 978 makes bulk surveillance more difficult.</p>
 979
 980 <p>Unless you don't want to reveal your own identity (which requires other
 981 protective measures), there's no reason not to sign every message, whether or
 982 not you are encrypting. In addition to allowing those with GnuPG to verify
 983 that the message came from you, signing is a non-intrusive way to remind
 984 everyone that you use GnuPG and show support for secure communication. If you
 985 often send signed messages to people that aren't familiar with GnuPG, it's
 986 nice to also include a link to this guide in your standard email signature
 987 (the text kind, not the cryptographic kind).</p>
 988
 989 </div><!-- End .main -->
 990 </div><!-- End #step-6a .step -->
 991
 992 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 993 <div id="step-6b" class="step">
 994 <div class="sidebar">
 995
 996 <p><img
 997 src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section6-02-use-it-well.png"
 998 alt="Section 6: Use it Well (2)" /></p>
 999
1000 </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
1001 <div class="main">
1002
1003 <h3>Be wary of invalid keys</h3>
1004
1005 <p>GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid
1006 keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with
1007 invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.</p>
1008
1009 <p>In your email program, go back to the first encrypted email that Edward
1010 sent you. Because Edward encrypted it with your public key, it will have a
1011 green checkmark a at the top "OpenPGP" button.</p>
1012
1013 <p><b>When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that button. The program
1014 will warn you there if you get an email signed with a key that can't
1015 be trusted.</b></p>
1016
1017 </div><!-- End .main -->
1018 </div><!-- End #step-6b .step -->
1019
1020 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1021 <div id="step-6c" class="step">
1022 <div class="main">
1023
1024 <h3>Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe</h3>
1025
1026 <p>Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate
1027 that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest storage that you have -- a flash drive, disk, or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home could work, not on a device you carry with you regularly. The safest way we know is actually to print the revocation certificate and store it in a safe place.</p>
1028
1029 <p>If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate
1030 file to let people know that you are no longer using that keypair.</p>
1031
1032 </div><!-- End .main -->
1033 </div><!-- End #step-6c .step -->
1034
1035 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1036 <div id="step-lost_key" class="step">
1037 <div class="main">
1038
1039 <h3><em>IMPORTANT:</em> ACT SWIFTLY if someone gets your private key</h3>
1040
1041 <p>If you lose your private key or someone else gets a hold
1042 of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's
1043 important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses
1044 it to read your encrypted email or forge your signature. This
1045 guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow these <a
1046 href="https://www.hackdiary.com/2004/01/18/revoking-a-gpg-key/">instructions</a>.
1047 After you're done revoking, make a new key and send an email to everyone
1048 with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know, including a copy
1049 of your new key.</p>
1050
1051 </div><!-- End .main -->
1052 </div><!-- End #step-lost_key .step-->
1053
1054 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1055 <div id="webmail-and-GnuPG" class="step">
1056 <div class="main">
1057
1058 <h3>Webmail and GnuPG</h3>
1059
1060 <p>When you use a web browser to access your email, you're using webmail,
1061 an email program stored on a distant website. Unlike webmail, your desktop
1062 email program runs on your own computer. Although webmail can't decrypt
1063 encrypted email, it will still display it in its encrypted form. If you
1064 primarily use webmail, you'll know to open your email client when you receive
1065 a scrambled email.</p>
1066
1067 </div><!-- End .main -->
1068 </div><!-- End #webmail-and-GnuPG .step-->
1069
1070 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1071 <div id="step-6d" class="step">
1072 <div class="main">
1073
1074 <h3>Make your public key part of your online identity</h3>
1075
1076 <p> First add your public key fingerprint to your email signature, then
1077 compose an email to at least five of your friends, telling them you just
1078 set up GnuPG and mentioning your public key fingerprint. Link to this guide
1079 and ask them to join you. Don't forget that there's also an awesome <a
1080 href="infographic.html">infographic to share.</a></p>
1081
1082 <p class="notes">Start writing your public key fingerprint anywhere someone
1083 would see your email address: your social media profiles, blog, Website,
1084 or business card. (At the Free Software Foundation, we put ours on our
1085 <a href="https://fsf.org/about/staff">staff page</a>.) We need to get our
1086 culture to the point that we feel like something is missing when we see an
1087 email address without a public key fingerprint.</p>
1088
1089 </div><!-- End .main-->
1090 </div><!-- End #step-6d .step-->
1091 </div></section><!-- End #section6 -->
1092
1093 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 7: Next steps ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1094 <section class="row" id="section7">
1095 <div id="step-click_here" class="step">
1096 <div class="main">
1097
1098 <h2><a href="next_steps.html">Great job! Check out the next steps.</a></h2>
1099
1100 </div><!-- End .main -->
1101 </div><!-- End #step-click_here .step-->
1102 </section><!-- End #section7 -->
1103
1104 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ FAQ ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1105 <!-- When un-commenting this section go to main.css and search
1106 for /* Guide Sections Background */ then add #faq to the desired color
1107 <section class="row" id="faq"><div>
1108 <div class="sidebar">
1109
1110 <h2>FAQ</h2>
1111
1112 </div>
1113 <div class="main">
1114
1115 <dl>
1116 <dt>My key expired</dt>
1117 <dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
1118
1119 <dt>Who can read encrypted messages? Who can read signed ones?</dt>
1120 <dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
1121
1122 <dt>My email program is opening at times I don't want it to open/is now my
1123 default program and I don't want it to be.</dt>
1124 <dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
1125 </dl>
1126
1127 </div>
1128 </div>
1129 </section> --><!-- End #faq -->
1130
1131 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Footer ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1132 <footer class="row" id="footer"><div>
1133 <div id="copyright">
1134
1135 <h4><a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys"><img
1136 alt="Free Software Foundation"
1137 src="../static/img/fsf-logo.png" /></a></h4>
1138
1139 <p>Copyright &copy; 2014-2021 <a
1140 href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a
1141 href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>. Please
1142 support our work by <a href="https://u.fsf.org/yr">joining us as an associate
1143 member.</a></p>
1144
1145 <p>The images on this page are under a <a
1146 href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons
1147 Attribution 4.0 license (or later version)</a>, and the rest of it is under
1148 a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons
1149 Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license (or later version)</a>. Download the <a
1150 href="https://agpl.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/edward/CURRENT/edward.tar.gz">
1151 source code of Edward reply bot</a> by Andrew Engelbrecht
1152 &lt;andrew@engelbrecht.io&gt; and Josh Drake &lt;zamnedix@gnu.org&gt;,
1153 available under the GNU Affero General Public License. <a
1154 href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OtherLicenses">Why these
1155 licenses?</a></p>
1156
1157 <p>Fonts used in the guide &amp; infographic: <a
1158 href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Dosis">Dosis</a> by Pablo
1159 Impallari, <a href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Signika">Signika</a>
1160 by Anna Giedry&#347;, <a
1161 href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Archivo+Narrow">Archivo
1162 Narrow</a> by Omnibus-Type, <a
1163 href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Graphics_Howto#Pitfalls">PXL-2000</a>
1164 by Florian Cramer.</p>
1165
1166 <p>Download the <a href="emailselfdefense_source.zip">source package</a>
1167 for this guide, including fonts, image source files and the text of Edward's
1168 messages.</p>
1169
1170 <p>This site uses the Weblabels standard for labeling <a
1171 href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/freejs">free JavaScript</a>. View
1172 the JavaScript <a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/"
1173 rel="jslicense">source code and license information</a>.</p>
1174
1175 </div><!-- /#copyright -->
1176
1177 <p class="credits">Infographic and guide design by <a rel="external"
1178 href="https://jplusplus.org"><strong>Journalism++</strong><img
1179 src="static/img/jplusplus.png"
1180 alt="Journalism++" /></a></p><!-- /.credits -->
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