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   6           <title>E-Mail-Selbstverteidigung - Eine Anleitung zur Bekämpfung der Überwachung mit GnuPG</title>
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   8           <meta name="description" content="E-Mail-Überwachung verstößt gegen grundlegende Rechte und bedroht die Meinungsfreiheit. Diese Anleitung zeigt dir, wie du in 30 Minuten mit GnuPG verschlüsseln kannst.">
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  23                           <h1>E-Mail-Selbstverteidigung</h1>
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  41     <a href="index.html" >GNU/Linux</a>
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  44     <a href="mac.html" class="current" >Mac OS</a>
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  47     <a href="windows.html">Windows</a>
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  49 <!-- begin index.html.pre -->
  50 <li class="spacer">
  51   <a href="https://fsf.org/share?u=https://u.fsf.org/zb&amp;t=Email encryption for everyone via %40fsf">
  52     #EmailSelbstverteidigung
  53   </a>
  54 </li>
  55 </ul>
  56
  57 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ FSF Introduction ~~~~~~~~~ -->
  58 <div id="fsf-intro">
  59   <h3><a href="http://u.fsf.org/ys"><img alt="Free Software Foundation" src="/img/fsf-logo.png"></a></h3>
  60   <span  style="font-size:125%"><p>E-Mail-Selbstverteidigung ist ein Projekt der Free Software Foundation. Wir setzen uns für die Rechte der Nutzer ein und unterstützen die Entwicklung von freier Software wie GnuPG, das in dieser Anleitung eingsetzt wird.</p><p><strong>
  61         Wir haben große Pläne um diese Anleitung in die Hände von
  62         Leuten, die überwacht werden, zu bringen und mehr Programme hierfür zu produzieren. Könntest du bitte eine Spende machen um uns zu helfen, diese Ziele zu erreichen?
  63   </strong></p></span>
  64
  65   <p><a href="https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=14&pk_campaign=esd&pk_kwd=guide_donate"><img alt="Donate" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/donate.en.png"></a>      <a href="https://u.fsf.org/yr"><img alt="Join now" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/join.en.png"></a></p>
  66
  67                                 </div><!-- End #fsf-intro -->
  68
  69 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Guide Introduction ~~~~~~~~~ -->
  70 <div class="intro">
  71   <p>
  72     <a id="infographic" href="infographic.html"><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/infographic-button.png" alt="View &amp; share our infographic &rarr;" /></a>
  73     Massive Überwachung verstößt gegen unsere Grundrechte und bedroht die Meinungsfreiheit. Diese Anleitung bringt dir eine einfache Selbstverteidigungsmethode bei: E-Mail-Verschlüsselung. Wenn du fertig bist, kannst du E-Mails senden und empfangen, die von Überwachungs-Agenten oder verbrechern nicht gelesen werden können.
  74   </p>
  75
  76   <p>
  77     Auch wenn du nichts zu verbergen hast, die Verwendung von Verschlüsselung schützt die Privatsphäre deiner Kommunikationspartner und macht Überwachungssystemen das Leben schwer. Solltest du doch etwas zu verbergen haben, dies sind die selben Programme die Edward Snowden verwendet hat, um die bekannten Geheimnisse über die NSA zu teilen.
  78   </p>
  79
  80   <p>
  81     Um Überwachung zu bekämpfen, müssen wir auch uns politisch für eine <a href="http://gnu.org/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">Verringerung der Anzahl der Daten, die über uns gesammelt werden</a>, aber der erste Schritt ist uns selber vor Überwachung zu schützen und sie so schwer wie möglich zu machen. Lasst uns anfangen!</p>
  82
  83 </div>
  84
  85
  86 </header><!-- End #header -->
  87
  88 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 1: Get the pieces  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
  89 <section class="row" id="section1">
  90   <div>
  91     <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
  92     <div class="section-intro">
  93       <h2><em>#1</em> Installiere die Programme</h2>
  94       <p class="notes">
  95         Diese Anleitung beruht auf freier Software, sie ist transparent und jeder darf sie vervielfältigen oder eine eigene Version produzieren. Das macht es schwieriger für Überwachung als unfreie Software (wie Windows). Lerne mehr über freie Software auf <a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">fsf.org</a>.</p>
  96
  97       <p>Das einzige was du benötigst ist ein Computer mit einem Internetanschluss, ein E-Mail-Konto und etwa eine halbe Stunde. Du kannst dein existierendes E-Mail-Account hierfür verwenden ohne Nebenwirkungen.</p>
  98       <p>
  99         Auf den  meisten GNU/Linux-Systemen ist GnuPG bereits installiert, also musst du es nicht herunterladen. Bevor du GnuPG konfigurierst, brauchst du ein E-Mail-Programm. Bei den meisten GNU/Linux distributionen kann man eine Version des Programms Thunderbird installieren. E-Mail-Programme sind eine andere Art auf E-Mails zuzugreifen, die ähnlich wie Webmail funktioniert, aber wesentlich mehr Funktionen besitzt.</p>
 100       <p>Wenn du bereits eines hast, dann gehe zum <a href="#step-1b">Schritt 1.b</a>.</p>
 101
 102     </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 103
 104     <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 105     <div class="main">
 106       <h3><em>Schritt 1.a</em> Konfiguriere dein E-Mail-Account (wenn es nicht schon getan wurde).</h3>
 107       <p>Öffne dein E-Mail -Programm und folge dem Assistenten.</p>
 108
 109       <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Probleme?  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 110       <div class="troubleshooting">
 111         <h4>Probleme?</h4>
 112         <dl>
 113           <dt>Was ist ein Assistent?</dt>
 114           <dd>
 115             Ein Assistent besteht aus mehreren Fenstern, die erscheinen und es einfach machen etwas am Computer zu verändern, wie ein Programm zu installieren.</dd>
 116           <dt>Mein E-Mail-Programm kann keine E-Mails empfangen.</dt>
 117           <dd>Frage erst andere Leute die dein System benutzen, suche dann im Internet.</dd>
 118           <dt class="feedback">Fidest du keine Lösung für deine Probleme?</dt>
 119           <dd class="feedback">Frage uns auf unserer <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">Feedback-Seite</a>.</dd>
 120         </dl>
 121       </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 122
 123     </div><!-- End .main -->
 124   </div><!-- End #step1-a .step -->
 125
 126 <!-- mac-step.html -->
 127 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 128                                 <div id="step-1b" class="step">
 129
 130                                         <div class="main">
 131                                                 <h3><em>Step 1.b</em> Get GnuPG by downloading GPGTools</h3>
 132                                                 <p>GPGTools is a software package that includes GnuPG. <a href="https://releases.gpgtools.org/GPG%20Suite%20-%202013.10.22.dmg">Download</a> and install it, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.</p>
 133
 134                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 135                                 </div><!-- End #step1-b .step -->
 136
 137                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 138                                 <div id="step-1c" class="step">
 139                                         <div class="sidebar">
 140                                                 <ul class="images">
 141                                                         <li><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/step1b-01-tools-addons.png" alt="Step 1.B: Tools -> Add-ons" /></li>
 142                                                         <li><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/step1b-02-search.png" alt="Step 1.B: Search Add-ons" /></li>
 143                                                         <li><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/step1b-03-install.png" alt="Step 1.B: Install Add-ons" /></li>
 144                                                 </ul>
 145                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 146                                         <div class="main">
 147                                                 <h3><em>Step 1.c</em> Install the Enigmail plugin for your email program</h3>
 148                                                 <p>In your email program's menu, select Add-ons (it may be in the Tools section). Make sure Extensions is selected on the left. Do you see Enigmail? if so, skip this step.</p>
 149                                                 <p>If not, search "Enigmail" with the search bar in the upper right. You can take it from here. Restart your email program when you're done.</p>
 150                                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 151                                                 <div class="troubleshooting">
 152                                                         <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 153                                                         <dl>
 154                                                                 <dt>I can't find the menu.</dt>
 155                                                                         <dd>In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars.</dd>
 156
 157                                                                 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 158                                                                         <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback page</a>.</dd>
 159                                                         </dl>
 160                                                 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 161                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 162                                 </div><!-- End #step-1c .step -->
 163                         </div>
 164                 </section><!-- End #section1 -->
 165 <!-- begin rest.html -->
 166 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 2: Make your keys  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 167                 <section class="row" id="section2">
 168                         <div>
 169                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 170                                 <div class="section-intro">
 171                                         <h2><em>#2</em> Make your keys</h2>
 172                                                 <p>To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers and letters that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked together by a special mathematical function.</p>
 173
 174 <p>Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it, along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the keyserver as phonebook, where people who want to send you an encrypted email look up your public key.</p>
 175
 176 <p>Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key to decode encrypted emails other people send to you.</p>
 177                                 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 178
 179                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 180                                 <div id="step-2a" class="step">
 181                                         <div class="sidebar">
 182                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/step2a-01-make-keypair.png" alt="Step 2.A: Make a Keypair" /></p>
 183                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 184                                         <div class="main">
 185                                                 <h3><em>Step 2.a</em> Make a keypair</h3>
 186                                                 <p>In your email program's menu, select OpenPGP &rarr; Setup Wizard. You don't need to read the text in the window that pops up unless you'd like to, but it's good to read the text on the later screens of the wizard.</p>
 187                                                 <p>On the second screen, titled "Signing," select "No, I want to create per-recipient rules for emails that need to be signed."</p>
 188                                                 <p>Use the default options until you reach the screen titled "Create Key".</p>
 189                                                 <p>On the screen titled "Create Key," pick a strong password! Your password should be at least 12 characters and include at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or punctuation symbol. Don't forget the password, or all this work will be wasted!</p>
 190                                         <p class="notes">The program will take a little while to finish the next step, the "Key Creation" screen. While you wait, do something else with your computer, like watching a movie or browsing the Web. The more you use the computer at this point, the faster the key creation will go.</p>
 191                                                 <p>When the OpenPGP Confirm screen pops up, select Generate Certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer (we recommend making a folder called "Revocation Certificate" in your home folder and keeping it there. You'll learn more about the revocation certificate in <a href="#section5">Section 5</a>. The setup wizard will ask you to move it onto an external device, but that isn't necessary at this moment.</p>
 192
 193                                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 194                                                 <div class="troubleshooting">
 195                                                         <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 196                                                         <dl>
 197                                                                 <dt>I can't find the OpenPGP menu.</dt>
 198                                                                         <dd>In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars. OpenPGP may be inside a section called Tools.</dd>
 199     <dt>The wizard says that it cannot find GnuPG.</dt>
 200
 201                                          <dd>Open whatever program you usually use for installing software, and search for GnuPG, then install it. Then restart the  Engimail setup wizard by going to OpenPGP &rarr; Setup Wizard.</dd>
 202
 203                                                                 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 204                                                                         <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback page</a>.</dd>
 205                                                         </dl>
 206                                                 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 207                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 208                                 </div><!-- End #step-2a .step  -->
 209
 210                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 211                                 <div id="step-2b" class="step">
 212                                         <div class="main">
 213                                                 <h3><em>Step 2.b</em> Upload your public key to a keyserver</h3>
 214                                                 <p>In your email program's menu, select OpenPGP &rarr; Key Management.</p>
 215 <p>Right click on your key and select Upload Public Keys to Keyserver. Use the default keyserver in the popup.</p>
 216 <p class="notes">Now someone who wants to send you an encrypted message can download your public key from the Internet. There are multiple keyservers that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.</p>
 217                                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 218                                                 <div class="troubleshooting">
 219                                                         <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 220                                                         <dl>
 221                                                                 <dt>The progress bar never finishes</dt>
 222                                                                                 <dd>Close the upload popup, make sure you are on the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, try again, selecting a different keyserver.</dd>
 223 <dt>My key doesnt appear in the list</dt>
 224                                                                                 <dd>Try checking Show Default Keys.</dd>
 225
 226                                                                 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 227                                                                         <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback page</a>.</dd>
 228
 229                                                         </dl>
 230                                                 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 231                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 232                                 </div><!-- End #step-2a .step  -->
 233                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 234                                 <div id="terminology" class="step">
 235                                         <div class="main">
 236                                                 <h3>GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?</h3>
 237                                                 <p>You're using a program called GnuPG, but the menu in your email program is called OpenPGP. Confusing, right? In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP are used interchangeably, though they all have slightly different meanings.</p>
 238                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 239                                 </div><!-- End #terminology.step-->
 240
 241
 242                         </div>
 243                 </section><!-- End #section2 -->
 244
 245 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 3: Try it out  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 246                 <section class="row" id="section3">
 247                         <div>
 248                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 249                                 <div class="section-intro">
 250                                                 <h2><em>#3</em> Try it out!</h2>
 251                                                 <p>Now you'll try a test correspondence with a computer program named Adele, which knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.</p>
 252                                 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 253
 254                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 255                                 <div id="step-3a" class="step">
 256                                         <div class="sidebar">
 257                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/section3-try-it-out.png" alt="Try it out." /></p>
 258                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 259                                         <div class="main">
 260                                                 <h3><em>Step 3.a</em> Send Adele your public key</h3>
 261                                                 <p>This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding with real people. In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP &rarr; Key Management. You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click on your key and select Send Public Keys by Email. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the Write button.</p>
 262
 263 <p>Address the message to adele-en@gnupp.de. Put at least one word (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email, then hit send.</p>
 264
 265 <p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Adele to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a href="#section5">Use it Well</a> section of this guide. Once she's responded, head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as when corresponding with a real person.</p>
 266                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 267                                 </div><!-- End #step-3b .step -->
 268
 269                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 270                                 <div id="step-3b" class="step">
 271                                         <div class="main">
 272                                                         <h3><em>Step 3.b</em> Send a test encrypted email</h3>
 273                                                         <p>Write a new email in your email program, addressed to adele-en@gnupp.de. Make the subject "Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body. Don't send it yet.</p>
 274                                                         <p>Click the icon of the key in the bottom right of the composition window (it should turn yellow). This tells Enigmail to encrypt the email with the key you downloaded in the last step.</p>
 275                                                         <p class="notes">Next to the key, you'll notice an icon of a pencil. Clicking this tells Enigmail to add a special, uniqe signature to your message, generated using your private key. This is a separate feature from encryption, and you don't have to use it for this guide.</p>
 276                                                         <p>Click Send. Enigmail will pop up a window that says "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found."</p>
 277
 278                                                         <p>To encrypt and email to Adele, you need her public key, and so now you'll have Enigmail download it from a keyserver. Click Download Missing Keys and use the default in the pop-up that asks you to choose a keyserver. Once it finds keys, check the first one (Key ID starting with 9), then select ok. Select ok in the next pop-up.</p>
 279
 280                                                         <p>Now you are back at the "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found" screen. Select Adele's key from the list and click Ok. If the message doesn't send automatically, you can hit send now.</p>
 281                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 282                                                         <div class="troubleshooting">
 283                                                                 <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 284                                                                 <dl>
 285                                                                         <dt>Enigmail can't find Adele's key</dt>
 286                                                                                 <dd>Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked. Make sure you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.</dd>
 287                                                                 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 288                                                                         <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback page</a>.</dd>
 289                                                                 </dl>
 290                                                         </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 291                                                 </div><!-- End .main -->
 292                                         </div><!-- End #step-3b .step -->
 293
 294                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 295                                 <div id="step-headers_unencrypted" class="step">
 296                                         <div class="main">
 297                                                 <h3><em>Important:</em> Security tips</h3>
 298                                                 <p>Even if you encrypted your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses aren't encrypted either, so they could be read by a surveillance system. When you send attachments, Enigmail will give you an option of whether you want to encrypt them.</p>
 299 <p>It's also good practice to click the key icon in your email composition window <strong>before</strong> you start to write. Otherwise, your email client could save an unencrypted draft on the mail server, potentially exposing it to snooping.</p>
 300                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 301                                 </div><!-- End #step-headers_unencrypted .step-->
 302
 303
 304                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 305                                 <div id="step-3c" class="step">
 306                                         <div class="main">
 307                                                 <h3><em>Step 3.c</em> Receive a response</h3>
 308                                                 <p>When Adele receives your email, she will use her private key to decrypt it, then fetch your public key from a keyserver and use it to encrypt a response to you.</p>
 309                                                 <p class="notes">Since you encrypted this email with Adele's public key, Adele's private key is required to decrypt it. Adele is the only one with her private key, so no one except her &mdash; not even you &mdash; can decrypt it.</p>
 310                                                 <p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Adele to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a href="#section5">Use it Well</a> section of this guide.</p>
 311                                                 <p>When you receive Adele's email and open it, Enigmail will automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and then it will use your private key to decrypt it.</p>
 312                                                 <p>Notice the bar that Enigmail shows you above the message, with information about the status of Adele's key.</p>
 313                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 314                                 </div><!-- End #step-3c .step -->
 315
 316 <!-- STEP 3D IS COMMENTED OUT UNTIL WE FIND A WAY TO VALIDATE SIGNATURES
 317                                 <div id="step-3d" class="step">
 318                                         <div class="main">
 319                                                 <h3><em>Step 3.d</em> Send a test signed email to a friend</h3>
 320                                                 <p>Write a new email in your email program, addressed to a friend. If you want, tell them about this guide!</p>
 321                                                 <p>Before sending the email, click the icon of the pencil in the bottom right of the composition window (it should turn yellow). This tells Enigmail to sign the email with you private key.</p>
 322                                                 <p>After you click send, Enigmail will ask you for your password. It will do this any time it needs to use your public key.</p>
 323                                         </div>
 324                                 </div>-->
 325                         </div>
 326                 </section><!-- End #section3 -->
 327
 328
 329 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 4: Learn the Web of Trust  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 330                 <section class="row" id="section4">
 331                         <div>
 332                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 333                                 <div class="section-intro">
 334                                                 <h2><em>#4</em> Learn the Web of Trust</h2>
 335                                                 <p>Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness; it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it and impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.</p>
 336
 337 <p>When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you trust that it does belong to them and not an impostor. People who use your public key can see the number of signatures it has. Once you've used GnuPG for a long time, you may have hundreds of signatures. The Web of Trust is the constellation of all GnuPG users, connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures, into a giant network. The more signatures a key has, and the more signatures its signers' keys have, the more trustworthy that key is.</p>
 338
 339 <p>People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint, which is a string of digits like DD878C06E8C2BEDDD4A440D3E573346992AB3FF7 (for Adele's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and other public keys saved on your computer, by going to OpenPGP &rarr; Key Management in your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key and choosing Key Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint wherever you share your email address, so that so that people can double-check that they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.</p>
 340
 341 <p class="notes">You may also see public keys referred to by their key ID, which is simply the last 8 digits of the fingerprint, like 92AB3FF7 for Adele. The key ID is visible directly from the Key Management Window. This key ID is like a person's first name (it is a useful shorthand but may not be unique to a given key), whereas the fingerprint actually identifies the key uniquely without the possibility of confusion. If you only have the key ID, you can still look up the key (as well as its fingerprint), like you did in Step 3, but if multiple options appear, you'll need the fingerprint of the person to are trying to communicate to verify which one to use.</p>
 342
 343
 344                                 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 345
 346                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 347                                 <div id="step-4a" class="step">
 348                                         <div class="sidebar">
 349                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/section4-web-of-trust.png" alt="Section 4: Web of Trust" /></p>
 350                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 351                                         <div class="main">
 352                                                 <h3><em>Step 4.a</em> Sign a key</h3>
 353                                                 <p>In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP &rarr; Key Management.</p>
 354                                                 <p>Right click on Adele's public key and select Sign Key from the context menu.</p>
 355                                                 <p>In the window that pops up, select "I will not answer" and click OK.</p>
 356                                                 <p>In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP &rarr; Key Management &rarr; Keyserver &rarr; Upload Public Keys and hit OK.</p>
 357                                                 <p class="notes">You've just effectively said "I trust that Adele's public key actually belongs to Adele." This doesn't mean much because Adele isn't a real person, but it's good practice.</p>
 358
 359
 360                                                 <!--<div id="pgp-pathfinder">
 361                                                         <form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" action="/mk_path.cgi" method="get">
 362                                                                 <p><strong>From:</strong> <input type="text" placeholder="xD41A008"  name="FROM"></p>
 363                                                                 <p><strong>To:</strong> <input type="text" placeholder="50BD01x4" name="TO"></p>
 364                                                                 <p class="buttons"><input type="submit" value="trust paths" name="PATHS"> <input type="reset" value="reset" name=".reset"></p>
 365                                                         </form>
 366                                                 </div><!-- End #pgp-pathfinder -->
 367
 368                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 369                                 </div><!-- End #step-4a .step -->
 370                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 371                                 <div id="step-sign_real_keys" class="step">
 372                                         <div class="main">
 373                                                 <h3><em>Important:</em> check people's identification before signing their keys</h3>
 374                                                 <p>Before signing a real person's key, always make sure it actually belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ask them to show you their ID (unless you trust them very highly) and their public key fingerprint -- not just the shorter public key ID, which could refer to another key as well. In Enigmail, answer honestly in the window that pops up and asks "How carefully have you verified that the key you are about to sign actually belongs to the person(s) named above?".</p>
 375                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 376                                 </div><!-- End #step-sign_real_keys .step-->
 377
 378
 379
 380                         </div>
 381                 </section><!-- End #section4 -->
 382
 383 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 5: Use it well  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 384                 <section id="section5" class="row">
 385                         <div>
 386                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 387                                 <div class="section-intro">
 388                                                 <h2><em>#5</em> Use it well</h2>
 389 <p>Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own, and damage the Web of Trust.</p>
 390                                 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 391
 392                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 393                                 <div id="step-5a" class="step">
 394                                         <div class="sidebar">
 395                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/section5-01-use-it-well.png" alt="Section 5: Use it Well" /></p>
 396                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 397                                         <div class="main">
 398                                                 <h3>When should I encrypt?</h3>
 399
 400                                                 <p>The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. This is because, if you only encrypt emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people doing surveillance won't know where to start.</p>
 401
 402 <p>That's not to say that only encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it makes bulk surveillance more difficult.</p>
 403
 404                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 405                                 </div><!-- End #step-5a .step -->
 406
 407                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 408                                 <div id="step-5b" class="step">
 409                                         <div class="sidebar">
 410                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/section5-02-use-it-well.png" alt="Section 5: Use it Well" /></p>
 411                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 412                                         <div class="main">
 413                                                 <h3><em>Important:</em> Be wary of invalid keys</h3>
 414                                                 <p>GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.</p>
 415                                                 <p>In your email program, go back to the second email that Adele sent you. Because Adele encrypted it with your public key, it will have a message from OpenPGP at the top, which most likely says "OpenPGP: Part of this message encrypted."</p>
 416 <p><b>When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that bar. The program will warn you there if you get an email encrypted with a key that can't be trusted.</b></p>
 417                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 418                                 </div><!-- End #step-5b .step -->
 419
 420                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 421                                 <div id="step-5c" class="step">
 422                                         <div class="main">
 423                                                 <h3>Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe</h3>
 424                                                 <p>Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest digital storage that you have -- the ideal thing is a flash drive, disk or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home.</p>
 425 <p>If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate file.</p>
 426                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 427                                 </div><!-- End #step-5c .step -->
 428
 429                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 430                                 <div id="step-lost_key" class="step">
 431                                         <div class="main">
 432                                                 <h3><em>Important:</em> act swiftly if someone gets your private key</h3>
 433                                                 <p>If you lose your private key or someone else gets ahold of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses it to read your encrypted email. This guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow the <a href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual.html#AEN305">instructions on the GnuPG site</a>. After you're done revoking, send an email to everyone with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know.</p>
 434                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 435                                 </div><!-- End #step-lost_key .step-->
 436
 437                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~
 438                                 <div id="step-5d" class="step">
 439                                         <div class="main">
 440                                                 <h3>Make your public key part of your online identity</h3>
 441                                                 <p> First add your public key fingerprint to your email signature, then compose an email to at least five of your friends, telling them you just set up GnuPG and mentioning your public key fingerprint. Link to this guide and ask them to join you. Don't forget that there's also an awesome <a href="infographic.html">infographic to share.</a></p>
 442
 443 <p class="notes">Start writing your public key fingerprint anywhere someone would see your email address: your social media profiles, blog, Website, or business card. (At the Free Software Foundation, we put ours on our <a href="https://fsf.org/about/staff">staff page</a>.) We need to get our culture to the point that we feel like something is missing when we see an email address without a public key fingerprint.</p>
 444                                         </div><!-- End .main
 445                                 </div> End #step-5d .step-->
 446
 447
 448                         </div>
 449                 </section><!-- End #section5 -->
 450
 451
 452
 453 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 6: Next steps  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 454                 <section class="row" id="section6">
 455                         <div id="step-click_here" class="step">
 456                                         <div class="main">
 457                                           <h2><a href="next_steps.html">Click here when you're done</a></h2>
 458
 459                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 460                                 </div><!-- End #step-click_here .step-->
 461
 462                 </section><!-- End #section6 -->
 463
 464 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ FAQ  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 465 <!-- When un-commenting this section go to main.css and search
 466                 for /* Guide Sections Background */ then add #faq to the desired color
 467
 468                 <section class="row" id="faq">
 469                         <div>
 470                                 <div class="sidebar">
 471                                         <h2>FAQ</h2>
 472                                 </div>
 473
 474                                 <div class="main">
 475                                         <dl>
 476                                                 <dt>My key expired</dt>
 477                                                         <dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
 478
 479                                                 <dt>Who can read encrypted messages? Who can read signed ones?</dt>
 480                                                         <dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
 481
 482                                                 <dt>My email program is opening at times I don't want it to open/is now my default program and I don't want it to be.</dt>
 483                                                         <dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
 484                                         </dl>
 485                                 </div>
 486                         </div>
 487                 </section> --><!-- End #faq -->
 488
 489 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Footer  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 490                 <footer class="row" id="footer">
 491                         <div>
 492                                 <div id="copyright">
 493                                         <h4><a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys"><img alt="Free Software Foundation" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/fsf-logo.png"></a></h4>
 494                                         <p>Copyright &copy; 2014 <a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Datenschutzerklärung</a>. <a href="https://u.fsf.org/yr">Beitreten</a></p>
 495                                         <p><em>Version 2.0, launched 6/18/2014. <!--LANGUAGE translation by NAME, NAME and NAME.--> Deutsche Übersetzung von <a href="http://de.gpcf.eu" >Gabriel Pérez-Cerezo</a></em></p>
 496 <p>The images on this page are under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (or later version)</a>, and the rest of it is under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license (or later version)</a>. &mdash; <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OtherLicenses">Why these licenses?</a></p>
 497                                         <p>Download the source packages for <a href="gnupg-guide.zip">this guide</a> and for <a href="gnupg-infographic.zip">the infographic</a>. Fonts used in the guide &amp; infographic: <a href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Dosis">Dosis</a> by Pablo Impallari, <a href="http://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Signika">Signika</a> by Anna Giedry&#347; <a href="http://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Archivo+Narrow">Archivo Narrow</a> by Omnibus-Type, <a href="http://www.thegopherarchive.com/gopher-files-hacks-pxl2000-119351.htm">PXL-2000</a> by Florian Cramer.</p>
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