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28 msgid "Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG encryption"
31 #. type: Attribute 'content' of: <html><head><meta>
33 "GnuPG, GPG, openpgp, surveillance, privacy, email, security, GnuPG2, "
37 #. type: Attribute 'content' of: <html><head><meta>
39 "Email surveillance violates our fundamental rights and makes free speech "
40 "risky. This guide will teach you email self-defense in 40 minutes with "
44 #. type: Attribute 'content' of: <html><head><meta>
45 msgid "width=device-width, initial-scale=1"
48 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><p>
50 "<strong>Please check your email for a confirmation link now. Thanks for "
51 "joining our list!</strong>"
54 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><p>
56 "If you don't receive the confirmation link, send us an email at info@fsf.org "
57 "to be added manually."
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65 msgid "Join us on microblogging services for day-to-day updates:"
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96 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><p>
97 msgid "← Return to <a href=\"index.html\">Email Self-Defense</a>"
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101 msgid "<a href=\"https://u.fsf.org/ys\">"
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105 msgid "Free Software Foundation"
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114 "Copyright © 2014-2021 <a href=\"https://u.fsf.org/ys\">Free Software "
115 "Foundation</a>, Inc. <a "
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118 "href=\"https://u.fsf.org/yr\">joining us as an associate member.</a>"
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124 "href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">Creative Commons "
125 "Attribution 4.0 license (or later version)</a>, and the rest of it is under "
126 "a <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0\">Creative "
127 "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license (or later version)</a>. Download "
129 "href=\"https://agpl.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/edward/CURRENT/edward.tar.gz\"> "
130 "source code of Edward reply bot</a> by Andrew Engelbrecht "
131 "<andrew@engelbrecht.io> and Josh Drake <zamnedix@gnu.org>, "
132 "available under the GNU Affero General Public License. <a "
133 "href=\"https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OtherLicenses\">Why "
134 "these licenses?</a>"
137 #. type: Content of: <html><body><footer><div><div><p>
139 "Fonts used in the guide & infographic: <a "
140 "href=\"https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Dosis\">Dosis</a> by Pablo "
142 "href=\"https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Signika\">Signika</a> by Anna "
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150 #. type: Content of: <html><body><footer><div><div><p>
152 "Download the <a href=\"emailselfdefense_source.zip\">source package</a> for "
153 "this guide, including fonts, image source files and the text of Edward's "
157 #. type: Content of: <html><body><footer><div><div><p>
159 "This site uses the Weblabels standard for labeling <a "
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162 "rel=\"jslicense\">source code and license information</a>."
165 #. type: Content of: <html><body><footer><div><p><a>
167 "Infographic and guide design by <a rel=\"external\" "
168 "href=\"https://jplusplus.org\"><strong>Journalism++</strong>"
171 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><footer><div><p><a><img>
175 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><h1>
176 msgid "Email Self-Defense"
179 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><ul><li>
180 msgid "<a class=\"current\" href=\"/en\">English - v5.0</a>"
183 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><ul><li>
186 "href=\"https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Translation_Guide\"> "
187 "Translate!</a></strong>"
190 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><ul><li>
191 msgid "<a href=\"index.html\" class=\"current\">Set up guide</a>"
194 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><ul><li>
195 msgid "<a href=\"workshops.html\">Teach your friends</a>"
198 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><ul><li><a>
201 "href=\"https://fsf.org/share?u=https://u.fsf.org/zb&t=Email%20encryption%20for%20everyone%20via%20%40fsf\"> "
205 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><ul><li><a>
209 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><header><div><ul><li><a><img>
213 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><header><div><ul><li><a><img>
214 msgid "[Hacker News]"
217 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><div><div><p>
219 "We fight for computer users' rights, and promote the development of free (as "
220 "in freedom) software. Resisting bulk surveillance is very important to us."
223 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><div><div><p>
225 "<strong>Please donate to support Email Self-Defense. We need to keep "
226 "improving it, and making more materials, for the benefit of people around "
227 "the world taking the first step towards protecting their privacy.</strong>"
230 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><a>
233 "href=\"https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=14&mtm_campaign=email_self_defense&mtm_kwd=guide_donate\">"
236 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><header><div><div><p><a><img>
240 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><div><p><a>
241 msgid "<a id=\"infographic\" href=\"infographic.html\">"
244 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><a><img>
245 msgid "View & share our infographic →"
248 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><div><p>
250 "</a> Bulk surveillance violates our fundamental rights and makes free speech "
251 "risky. This guide will teach you a basic surveillance self-defense skill: "
252 "email encryption. Once you've finished, you'll be able to send and receive "
253 "emails that are scrambled to make sure a surveillance agent or thief "
254 "intercepting your email can't read them. All you need is a computer with an "
255 "Internet connection, an email account, and about forty minutes."
258 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><div><p>
260 "Even if you have nothing to hide, using encryption helps protect the privacy "
261 "of people you communicate with, and makes life difficult for bulk "
262 "surveillance systems. If you do have something important to hide, you're in "
263 "good company; these are the same tools that whistleblowers use to protect "
264 "their identities while shining light on human rights abuses, corruption, and "
268 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><div><p>
270 "In addition to using encryption, standing up to surveillance requires "
271 "fighting politically for a <a "
272 "href=\"https://gnu.org/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html\">reduction "
273 "in the amount of data collected on us</a>, but the essential first step is "
274 "to protect yourself and make surveillance of your communication as difficult "
275 "as possible. This guide helps you do that. It is designed for beginners, but "
276 "if you already know the basics of GnuPG or are an experienced free software "
277 "user, you'll enjoy the advanced tips and the <a "
278 "href=\"workshops.html\">guide to teaching your friends</a>."
281 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
282 msgid "<em>#1</em> Get the pieces"
285 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
287 "This guide relies on software which is <a "
288 "href=\"https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html\">freely licensed</a>; "
289 "it's completely transparent and anyone can copy it or make their own "
290 "version. This makes it safer from surveillance than proprietary software "
291 "(like Windows or macOS). Learn more about free software at <a "
292 "href=\"https://u.fsf.org/ys\">fsf.org</a>."
295 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
297 "Most GNU/Linux operating systems come with GnuPG installed on them, so if "
298 "you're running one of these systems, you don't have to download it. If "
299 "you're running macOS or Windows, steps to download GnuPG are below. Before "
300 "configuring your encryption setup with this guide, though, you'll need a "
301 "desktop email program installed on your computer. Many GNU/Linux "
302 "distributions have one installed already, such as Icedove, which may be "
303 "under the alternate name \"Thunderbird.\" Programs like these are another "
304 "way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like "
305 "Gmail), but provide extra features."
308 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
309 msgid "Step 1.A: Install Wizard"
312 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
313 msgid "<em>Step 1.a</em> Set up your email program with your email account"
316 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
318 "Open your email program and follow the wizard (step-by-step walkthrough) "
319 "that sets it up with your email account. This usually starts from \"Account "
320 "Settings\" → \"Add Mail Account\". You should get the email server "
321 "settings from your systems administrator or the help section of your email "
325 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><h4>
326 msgid "Troubleshooting"
329 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
330 msgid "The wizard doesn't launch"
333 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
335 "You can launch the wizard yourself, but the menu option for doing so is "
336 "named differently in each email program. The button to launch it will be in "
337 "the program's main menu, under \"New\" or something similar, titled "
338 "something like \"Add account\" or \"New/Existing email account.\""
341 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
342 msgid "The wizard can't find my account or isn't downloading my mail"
345 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
347 "Before searching the Web, we recommend you start by asking other people who "
348 "use your email system, to figure out the correct settings."
351 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
352 msgid "I can't find the menu"
355 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
357 "In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of "
358 "three stacked horizontal bars."
361 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
362 msgid "Don't see a solution to your problem?"
365 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
367 "Please let us know on the <a "
368 "href=\"https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review\">feedback "
372 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
373 msgid "<em>Step 1.b</em> Install GnuPG"
376 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
378 "If you are using a GNU/Linux machine, you should already have GnuPG "
379 "installed, and you can skip to <a href=\"#section2\">Section 2</a>."
382 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
384 "If you are using a macOS or Windows machine, however, you need to first "
385 "install the GnuPG program. Select your operating system below and follow the "
386 "instructions. For the rest of this guide, the steps are the same for all "
390 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><h4>
394 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
395 msgid "Use a third-party package manager to install GnuPG"
398 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
400 "The default macOS package manager makes it difficult to install GnuPG and "
401 "other pieces of free software (like Emacs, GIMP, or Inkscape). To make "
402 "things easier, we recommend setting up the third-party package manager "
403 "\"Homebrew\" to install GnuPG. For this, we will use a program called "
404 "\"Terminal,\" which is pre-installed in MacOS."
407 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
409 "# Copy the first command on the home page of <a "
410 "href=\"https://brew.sh/\">Homebrew</a> by clicking on the clipboard icon, "
411 "and paste it in Terminal. Click \"Enter\" and wait for the installation to "
415 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
416 msgid "# Then install GnuPG by entering the following code in Terminal:"
419 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
420 msgid "<code>brew install gnupg gnupg2</code>"
423 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><h4>
427 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
428 msgid "Get GnuPG by downloading GPG4Win"
431 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
433 "<a href=\"https://www.gpg4win.org/\">GPG4Win</a> is an email and file "
434 "encryption software package that includes GnuPG. Download and install the "
435 "latest version, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's "
436 "installed, you can close any windows that it creates."
439 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
440 msgid "GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?"
443 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
445 "In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP are "
446 "used interchangeably. Technically, OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the "
447 "encryption standard, and GNU Privacy Guard (often shortened to GPG or GnuPG) "
448 "is the program that implements the standard. Most email programs provide an "
449 "interface for GnuPG. There is also a newer version of GnuPG, called GnuPG2."
452 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
453 msgid "<em>#2</em> Make your keys"
456 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><p><img>
457 msgid "A robot with a head shaped like a key holding a private and a public key"
460 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
462 "To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known "
463 "together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers "
464 "and letters that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked "
465 "together by a special mathematical function."
468 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
470 "Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open "
471 "in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it, "
472 "along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the "
473 "keyserver as a phonebook; people who want to send you encrypted email can "
474 "look up your public key."
477 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
479 "Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to "
480 "yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key together to "
481 "descramble encrypted emails other people send to you. <strong>You should "
482 "never share your private key with anyone, under any circumstances.</strong>"
485 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
487 "In addition to encryption and decryption, you can also use these keys to "
488 "sign messages and check the authenticity of other people's signatures. We'll "
489 "discuss this more in the next section."
492 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
493 msgid "Step 2.A: Make your Keypair"
496 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
497 msgid "Step 2.A: Set your passphrase"
500 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
501 msgid "<em>Step 2.a</em> Make a keypair"
504 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h4>
505 msgid "Make your keypair"
508 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
510 "We will use the command line in a terminal to create a keypair using the "
514 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
516 "Whether on GNU/Linux, macOS or Windows, you can launch your terminal "
517 "(\"Terminal\" in macOS, \"PowerShell\" in Windows) from the Applications "
518 "menu (some GNU/Linux systems respond to the <kbd>Ctrl + Alt + T</kbd> "
522 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
523 msgid "# Enter <code>gpg --full-generate-key</code> to start the process."
526 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
528 "# To answer what kind of key you would like to create, select the default "
529 "option: <samp>1 RSA and RSA</samp>."
532 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
533 msgid "# Enter the following keysize: <code>4096</code> for a strong key."
536 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
537 msgid "# Choose the expiration date; we suggest <code>2y</code> (2 years)."
540 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
541 msgid "Follow the prompts to continue setting up with your personal details."
544 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h4>
545 msgid "Set your passphrase"
548 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
550 "On the screen titled \"Passphrase,\" pick a strong password! You can do it "
551 "manually, or you can use the Diceware method. Doing it manually is faster "
552 "but not as secure. Using Diceware takes longer and requires dice, but "
553 "creates a password that is much harder for attackers to figure out. To use "
554 "it, read the section \"Make a secure passphrase with Diceware\" in <a "
555 "href=\"https://theintercept.com/2015/03/26/passphrases-can-memorize-attackers-cant-guess/\"> "
556 "this article</a> by Micah Lee."
559 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
561 "If you'd like to pick a passphrase manually, come up with something you can "
562 "remember which is at least twelve characters long, and includes at least one "
563 "lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or punctuation "
564 "symbol. Never pick a password you've used elsewhere. Don't use any "
565 "recognizable patterns, such as birthdays, telephone numbers, pets' names, "
566 "song lyrics, quotes from books, and so on."
569 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
570 msgid "GnuPG is not installed"
573 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
575 "You can check if this is the case with the command <code>gpg "
576 "--version</code>. If GnuPG is not installed, it will bring up the "
577 "following result on most GNU/Linux operating systems, or something like it: "
578 "<samp>Command 'gpg' not found, but can be installed with: sudo apt install "
579 "gnupg</samp>. Follow that command and install the program."
582 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
583 msgid "I took too long to create my passphrase"
586 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
588 "That's okay. It's important to think about your passphrase. When you're "
589 "ready, just follow the steps from the beginning again to create your key."
592 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
593 msgid "How can I see my key?"
596 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
598 "Use the following command to see all keys: <code>gpg "
599 "--list-keys</code>. Yours should be listed in there, and later, so "
600 "will Edward's (<a href=\"#section3\">Section 3</a>)."
603 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
605 "If you want to see only your key, you can use <code>gpg --list-key "
606 "[your@email]</code>."
609 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
611 "You can also use <code>gpg --list-secret-key</code> to see your own private "
615 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
616 msgid "More resources"
619 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
621 "For more information about this process, you can also refer to <a "
622 "href=\"https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/c14.html#AEN25\">The GNU Privacy "
623 "Handbook</a>. Make sure you stick with \"RSA and RSA\" (the default), "
624 "because it's newer and more secure than the algorithms the documentation "
625 "recommends. Also make sure your key is at least 4096 bits if you want "
629 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><h4>
633 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
634 msgid "Advanced key pairs"
637 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
639 "When GnuPG creates a new keypair, it compartmentalizes the encryption "
640 "function from the signing function through <a "
641 "href=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Subkeys\">subkeys</a>. If you use subkeys "
642 "carefully, you can keep your GnuPG identity more secure and recover from a "
643 "compromised key much more quickly. <a "
644 "href=\"https://alexcabal.com/creating-the-perfect-gpg-keypair/\">Alex "
645 "Cabal</a> and <a href=\"https://keyring.debian.org/creating-key.html\">the "
646 "Debian wiki</a> provide good guides for setting up a secure subkey "
650 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
651 msgid "Step 2.B: Send to server and generate a certificate"
654 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
655 msgid "<em>Step 2.b</em> Some important steps following creation"
658 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h4>
659 msgid "Upload your key to a keyserver"
662 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
664 "We will upload your key to a keyserver, so if someone wants to send you an "
665 "encrypted message, they can download your public key from the "
666 "Internet. There are multiple keyservers that you can select from the menu "
667 "when you upload, but they are all copies of each other, so it doesn't matter "
668 "which one you use. However, it sometimes takes a few hours for them to match "
669 "each other when a new key is uploaded."
672 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
674 "# Copy your keyID: <code>gpg --list-key [your@email]</code> will list your "
675 "public (\"pub\") key information, including your keyID, which is a unique "
676 "list of numbers and letters. Copy this keyID, so you can use it in the "
680 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
681 msgid "# Upload your key to a server: <code>gpg --send-key [keyID]</code>"
684 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h4>
685 msgid "Export your key to a file"
688 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
690 "Use the following command to export your secret key so you can import it "
691 "into your email client at the next <a href=\"#section3\">step</a>. To avoid "
692 "getting your key compromised, store this in a safe place, and make sure that "
693 "if it is transferred, it is done so in a trusted way. Exporting your keys "
694 "can be done with the following commands:"
697 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><code>
698 msgid "<code> $ gpg --export-secret-keys -a [keyID] > my_secret_key.asc"
701 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
702 msgid "$ gpg --export -a [keyID] > my_public_key.asc </code>"
705 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h4>
706 msgid "Generate a revocation certificate"
709 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
711 "Just in case you lose your key, or it gets compromised, you want to generate "
712 "a certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer for now "
713 "(please refer to <a href=\"#step-6c\">Step 6.C</a> for how to best store "
714 "your revocation cerficate safely). This step is essential for your email "
715 "self-defense, as you'll learn more about in <a href=\"#section5\">Section "
719 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
721 "# Generate a revocation certificate: <code>gpg --gen-revoke --output "
722 "revoke.asc [keyID]</code>"
725 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
727 "# It will prompt you to give a reason for revocation, we recommend to use "
728 "<samp>1 = key has been compromised</samp>."
731 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
733 "# You don't have to fill in a reason, but you can; then press \"Enter\" for "
734 "an empty line, and confirm your selection."
737 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
738 msgid "My key doesn't seem to be working or I get a \"permission denied.\""
741 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
743 "Like every other file or folder, gpg keys are subject to permissions. If "
744 "these are not set correctly, your system may not be accepting your keys. You "
745 "can follow the next steps to check, and update to the right permissions."
748 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
749 msgid "# Check your permissions: <code>ls -l ~/.gnupg/*</code>"
752 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
754 "# Set permissions to read, write, execute for only yourself, no "
755 "others. These are the recommended permissions for your folder."
758 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
759 msgid "You can use the code: <code>chmod 700 ~/.gnupg</code>"
762 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
764 "# Set permissions to read and write for yourself only, no others. These are "
765 "the recommended permissions for the keys inside your folder."
768 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
769 msgid "You can use the code: <code>chmod 600 ~/.gnupg/*</code>"
772 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
774 "If you have (for any reason) created your own folders inside ~/.gnupg, you "
775 "must also additionally apply execute permissions to that folder. Folders "
776 "require execution privileges to be opened. For more information on "
777 "permissions, you can check out <a "
778 "href=\"https://helpdeskgeek.com/linux-tips/understanding-linux-permissions-chmod-usage/\">this "
779 "detailed information guide</a>."
782 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
783 msgid "More about keyservers"
786 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
788 "You can find some more keyserver information<a "
789 "href=\"https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x457.html\"> in this "
790 "manual</a>. <a href=\"https://sks-keyservers.net/overview-of-pools.php\">The "
791 "sks Web site</a> maintains a list of highly interconnected keyservers. You "
793 "href=\"https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x56.html#AEN64\">directly export "
794 "your key</a> as a file on your computer."
797 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
798 msgid "Transferring your keys"
801 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
803 "Use the following commands to transfer your keys. To avoid getting your key "
804 "compromised, store it in a safe place, and make sure that if it is "
805 "transferred, it is done so in a trusted way. Importing and exporting a key "
806 "can be done with the following commands:"
809 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p><code>
810 msgid "<code> $ gpg --export-secret-keys -a [keyID] > my_private_key.asc"
813 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p><code>
814 msgid "$ gpg --export -a [keyID] > my_public_key.asc"
817 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p><code>
818 msgid "$ gpg --import my_private_key.asc"
821 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
822 msgid "$ gpg --import my_public_key.asc </code>"
825 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
827 "Ensure that the keyID printed is the correct one, and if so, then go ahead "
828 "and add ultimate trust for it:"
831 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
832 msgid "<code> $ gpg --edit-key [your@email] </code>"
835 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
837 "Because this is your key, you should choose "
838 "<code>ultimate</code>. You shouldn't trust anyone else's key "
842 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd><p>
844 "Refer to <a href=\"#step-2b\">Troubleshooting in Step 2.B</a> for more "
845 "information on permissions. When transferring keys, your permissions may get "
846 "mixed, and errors may be prompted. These are easily avoided when your "
847 "folders and files have the right permissions"
850 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
851 msgid "<em>#3</em> Set up email encryption"
854 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
856 "The Icedove (or Thunderbird) email program has PGP functionality integrated, "
857 "which makes it pretty easy to work with. We'll take you through the steps of "
858 "integrating and using your key in these email clients."
861 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
862 msgid "Step 3.A: Email Menu"
865 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
866 msgid "Step 3.A: Import From File"
869 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
870 msgid "Step 3.A: Success"
873 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
874 msgid "Step 3.A: Troubleshoot"
877 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
878 msgid "<em>Step 3.a</em> Set up your email with encryption"
881 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
883 "Once you have set up your email with encryption, you can start contributing "
884 "to encrypted traffic on the Internet. First we'll get your email client to "
885 "import your secret key, and we will also learn how to get other people's "
886 "public keys from servers so you can send and receive encrypted email."
889 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
890 msgid "# Open your email client and use \"Tools\" → <i>OpenPGP Key Manager</i>"
893 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
894 msgid "# Under \"File\" → <i>Import Secret Key(s) From File</i>"
897 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
899 "# Select the file you saved under the name [my_secret_key.asc] in <a "
900 "href=\"#step-2b\">Step 2.B</a> when you exported your key"
903 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
904 msgid "# Unlock with your passphrase"
907 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
909 "# You will receive a \"OpenPGP keys successfully imported\" window to "
913 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
915 "# Go to \"Account settings\" → \"End-To-End Encryption,\" and make sure "
916 "your key is imported and select <i>Treat this key as a Personal Key</i>."
919 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
920 msgid "I'm not sure the import worked correctly"
923 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
925 "Look for \"Account settings\" → \"End-To-End Encryption.\" Here you can "
926 "see if your personal key associated with this email is found. If it is not, "
927 "you can try again via the <i>Add key</i> option. Make sure you have the "
928 "correct, active, secret key file."
931 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
932 msgid "<em>#4</em> Try it out!"
935 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><p><img>
936 msgid "Illustration of a person in a house with a cat connected to a server"
939 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
941 "Now you'll try a test correspondence with an FSF computer program named "
942 "Edward, who knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the "
943 "same steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person."
946 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
947 msgid "Step 4.A Send key to Edward."
950 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
951 msgid "<em>Step 4.a</em> Send Edward your public key"
954 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
956 "This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding with "
957 "real people. In your email program's menu, go to \"Tools\" → \"OpenPGP "
958 "Key Manager.\" You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click "
959 "on your key and select <i>Send Public Keys by Email</i>. This will create a "
960 "new draft message, as if you had just hit the \"Write\" button, but in the "
961 "attachment you will find your public keyfile."
964 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
966 "Address the message to <a "
967 "href=\"mailto:edward-en@fsf.org\">edward-en@fsf.org</a>. Put at least one "
968 "word (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email. Don't send "
972 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
974 "We want Edward to be able to open the email with your keyfile, so we want "
975 "this first special message to be unencrypted. Make sure encryption is turned "
976 "off by using the dropdown menu \"Security\" and select <i>Do Not "
977 "Encrypt</i>. Once encryption is off, hit Send."
980 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
982 "It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you "
983 "might want to skip ahead and check out the <a href=\"#section6\">Use it "
984 "Well</a> section of this guide. Once you have received a response, head to "
985 "the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as when "
986 "corresponding with a real person."
989 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
991 "When you open Edward's reply, GnuPG may prompt you for your passphrase "
992 "before using your private key to decrypt it."
995 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
996 msgid "Step 4.B Option 1. Verify key"
999 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
1000 msgid "Step 4.B Option 2. Import key"
1003 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1004 msgid "<em>Step 4.b</em> Send a test encrypted email"
1007 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h4>
1008 msgid "Get Edward's key"
1011 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1013 "To encrypt an email to Edward, you need its public key, so now you'll have "
1014 "to download it from a keyserver. You can do this in two different ways:"
1017 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1019 "<strong>Option 1.</strong> In the email answer you received from Edward as a "
1020 "response to your first email, Edward's public key was included. On the right "
1021 "of the email, just above the writing area, you will find an \"OpenPGP\" "
1022 "button that has a lock and a little wheel next to it. Click that, and select "
1023 "<i>Discover</i> next to the text: \"This message was signed with a key that "
1024 "you don't yet have.\" A popup with Edward's key details will follow."
1027 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1029 "<strong>Option 2.</strong> Open your OpenPGP Key manager, and under "
1030 "\"Keyserver\" choose <i>Discover Keys Online</i>. Here, fill in Edward's "
1031 "email address, and import Edward's key."
1034 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1036 "The option <i>Accepted (unverified)</i> will add this key to your key "
1037 "manager, and now it can be used to send encrypted emails and to verify "
1038 "digital signatures from Edward."
1041 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1043 "In the popup window confirming if you want to import Edward's key, you'll "
1044 "see many different emails that are all associated with its key. This is "
1045 "correct; you can safely import the key."
1048 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1050 "Since you encrypted this email with Edward's public key, Edward's private "
1051 "key is required to decrypt it. Edward is the only one with its private key, "
1052 "so no one except Edward can decrypt it."
1055 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h4>
1056 msgid "Send Edward an encrypted email"
1059 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1061 "Write a new email in your email program, addressed to <a "
1062 "href=\"mailto:edward-en@fsf.org\">edward-en@fsf.org</a>. Make the subject "
1063 "\"Encryption test\" or something similar and write something in the body."
1066 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1068 "This time, make sure encryption is turned on by using the dropdown menu "
1069 "\"Security\" and select <i>Require Encryption</i>. Once encryption is on, "
1073 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
1074 msgid "\"Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found\""
1077 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
1079 "You could get the above error message, or something along these lines: "
1080 "\"Unable to send this message with end-to-end encryption, because there are "
1081 "problems with the keys of the following recipients: ...\" In these cases, "
1082 "you may be trying to send an encrypted email to someone when you do not have "
1083 "their public key yet. Make sure you follow the steps above to import the key "
1084 "to your key manager. Open OpenPGP Key Manager to make sure the recipient is "
1088 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
1089 msgid "Unable to send message"
1092 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
1094 "You could get the following message when trying to send your encrypted "
1095 "email: \"Unable to send this message with end-to-end encryption, because "
1096 "there are problems with the keys of the following recipients: "
1097 "edward-en@fsf.org.\" This usually means you imported the key with the "
1098 "\"unaccepted (unverified) option.\" Go to the \"key properties\" of this key "
1099 "by right clicking on the key in the OpenPGP Key Manager, and select the "
1100 "option <i>Yes, but I have not verified that this is the correct key</i> in "
1101 "the \"Acceptance\" option at the bottom of this window. Resend the email."
1104 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
1105 msgid "I can't find Edward's key"
1108 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
1110 "Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked Send. Make sure you "
1111 "are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat "
1112 "the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one."
1115 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
1116 msgid "Unscrambled messages in the Sent folder"
1119 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
1121 "Even though you can't decrypt messages encrypted to someone else's key, your "
1122 "email program will automatically save a copy encrypted to your public key, "
1123 "which you'll be able to view from the Sent folder like a normal email. This "
1124 "is normal, and it doesn't mean that your email was not sent encrypted."
1127 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
1128 msgid "Encrypt messages from the command line"
1131 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
1133 "You can also encrypt and decrypt messages and files from the <a "
1134 "href=\"https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x110.html\">command line</a>, if "
1135 "that's your preference. The option --armor makes the encrypted output appear "
1136 "in the regular character set."
1139 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1140 msgid "<em>Important:</em> Security tips"
1143 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1145 "Even if you encrypt your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so don't "
1146 "put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses aren't "
1147 "encrypted either, so a surveillance system can still figure out who you're "
1148 "communicating with. Also, surveillance agents will know that you're using "
1149 "GnuPG, even if they can't figure out what you're saying. When you send "
1150 "attachments, you can choose to encrypt them or not, independent of the "
1154 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1156 "For greater security against potential attacks, you can turn off "
1157 "HTML. Instead, you can render the message body as plain text. In order to do "
1158 "this in Icedove or Thunderbird, go to \"View\" → \"Message Body As\" "
1159 "→ <i>Plain Text</i>."
1162 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
1163 msgid "Step 4.C Edward's response"
1166 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1167 msgid "<em>Step 4.c</em> Receive a response"
1170 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1172 "When Edward receives your email, it will use its private key to decrypt it, "
1173 "then reply to you."
1176 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1178 "It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you "
1179 "might want to skip ahead and check out the <a href=\"#section6\">Use it "
1180 "Well</a> section of this guide."
1183 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1185 "Edward will send you an encrypted email back saying your email was received "
1186 "and decrypted. Your email client will automatically decrypt Edward's "
1190 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1192 "The OpenPGP button in the email will show a little green checkmark over the "
1193 "lock symbol to show the message is encrypted, and a little orange warning "
1194 "sign which means that you have accepted the key, but not verified it. When "
1195 "you have not yet accepted the key, you will see a little question mark "
1196 "there. Clicking the prompts in this button will lead you to key properties "
1200 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1201 msgid "<em>Step 4.d</em> Send a signed test email"
1204 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1206 "GnuPG includes a way for you to sign messages and files, verifying that they "
1207 "came from you and that they weren't tampered with along the way. These "
1208 "signatures are stronger than their pen-and-paper cousins -- they're "
1209 "impossible to forge, because they're impossible to create without your "
1210 "private key (another reason to keep your private key safe)."
1213 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1215 "You can sign messages to anyone, so it's a great way to make people aware "
1216 "that you use GnuPG and that they can communicate with you securely. If they "
1217 "don't have GnuPG, they will be able to read your message and see your "
1218 "signature. If they do have GnuPG, they'll also be able to verify that your "
1219 "signature is authentic."
1222 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1224 "To sign an email to Edward, compose any message to the email address and "
1225 "click the pencil icon next to the lock icon so that it turns gold. If you "
1226 "sign a message, GnuPG may ask you for your password before it sends the "
1227 "message, because it needs to unlock your private key for signing."
1230 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1232 "In \"Account Settings\" → \"End-To-End-Encryption\" you can opt to "
1233 "<i>add digital signature by default</i>."
1236 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1237 msgid "<em>Step 4.e</em> Receive a response"
1240 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1242 "When Edward receives your email, he will use your public key (which you sent "
1243 "him in <a href=\"#step-3a\">Step 3.A</a>) to verify the message you sent has "
1244 "not been tampered with and to encrypt a reply to you."
1247 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1249 "Edward's reply will arrive encrypted, because he prefers to use encryption "
1250 "whenever possible. If everything goes according to plan, it should say "
1251 "\"Your signature was verified.\" If your test signed email was also "
1252 "encrypted, he will mention that first."
1255 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1257 "When you receive Edward's email and open it, your email client will "
1258 "automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and then it "
1259 "will use your private key to decrypt it."
1262 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
1263 msgid "<em>#5</em> Learn about the Web of Trust"
1266 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><p><img>
1267 msgid "Illustration of keys all interconnected with a web of lines"
1270 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1272 "Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness: it "
1273 "requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually "
1274 "theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making an "
1275 "email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it, and "
1276 "impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that "
1277 "developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust."
1280 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1282 "When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you've verified "
1283 "that it belongs to them and not someone else."
1286 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1288 "Signing keys and signing messages use the same type of mathematical "
1289 "operation, but they carry very different implications. It's a good practice "
1290 "to generally sign your email, but if you casually sign people's keys, you "
1291 "may accidentally end up vouching for the identity of an imposter."
1294 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1296 "People who use your public key can see who has signed it. Once you've used "
1297 "GnuPG for a long time, your key may have hundreds of signatures. You can "
1298 "consider a key to be more trustworthy if it has many signatures from people "
1299 "that you trust. The Web of Trust is a constellation of GnuPG users, "
1300 "connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures."
1303 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
1304 msgid "Section 5: trusting a key"
1307 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1308 msgid "<em>Step 5.a</em> Sign a key"
1311 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1313 "In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP Key Manager and select <i>Key "
1314 "properties</i> by right clicking on Edward's key."
1317 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1319 "Under \"Your Acceptance,\" you can select <i>Yes, I've verified in person "
1320 "this key has the correct fingerprint\"</i>."
1323 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1325 "You've just effectively said \"I trust that Edward's public key actually "
1326 "belongs to Edward.\" This doesn't mean much because Edward isn't a real "
1327 "person, but it's good practice, and for real people it is important. You can "
1328 "read more about signing a person's key in the <a "
1329 "href=\"#check-ids-before-signing\">check IDs before signing</a> section."
1332 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1333 msgid "Identifying keys: Fingerprints and IDs"
1336 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1338 "People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint, which "
1339 "is a string of digits like F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8 (for "
1340 "Edward's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and other "
1341 "public keys saved on your computer, by going to OpenPGP Key Management in "
1342 "your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key and choosing Key "
1343 "Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint wherever you share "
1344 "your email address, so that people can double-check that they have the "
1345 "correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver."
1348 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1350 "You may also see public keys referred to by a shorter keyID. This keyID is "
1351 "visible directly from the Key Management window. These eight character "
1352 "keyIDs were previously used for identification, which used to be safe, but "
1353 "is no longer reliable. You need to check the full fingerprint as part of "
1354 "verifying you have the correct key for the person you are trying to "
1355 "contact. Spoofing, in which someone intentionally generates a key with a "
1356 "fingerprint whose final eight characters are the same as another, is "
1357 "unfortunately common."
1360 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1361 msgid "<em>Important:</em> What to consider when signing keys"
1364 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1366 "Before signing a person's key, you need to be confident that it actually "
1367 "belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ideally, this "
1368 "confidence comes from having interactions and conversations with them over "
1369 "time, and witnessing interactions between them and others. Whenever signing "
1370 "a key, ask to see the full public key fingerprint, and not just the shorter "
1371 "keyID. If you feel it's important to sign the key of someone you've just "
1372 "met, also ask them to show you their government identification, and make "
1373 "sure the name on the ID matches the name on the public key."
1376 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dt>
1377 msgid "Master the Web of Trust"
1380 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><dl><dd>
1382 "Unfortunately, trust does not spread between users the way <a "
1383 "href=\"https://fennetic.net/irc/finney.org/~hal/web_of_trust.html\">many "
1384 "people think</a>. One of the best ways to strengthen the GnuPG community is "
1386 "href=\"https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x334.html\">understand</a> the "
1387 "Web of Trust and to carefully sign as many people's keys as circumstances "
1391 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
1392 msgid "<em>#6</em> Use it well"
1395 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1397 "Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow some "
1398 "basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you risk the "
1399 "privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own, and damage "
1403 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
1404 msgid "Section 6: Use it Well (1)"
1407 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1408 msgid "When should I encrypt? When should I sign?"
1411 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1413 "The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. If you only encrypt "
1414 "emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for "
1415 "surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people "
1416 "doing surveillance won't know where to start. That's not to say that only "
1417 "encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it "
1418 "makes bulk surveillance more difficult."
1421 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1423 "Unless you don't want to reveal your own identity (which requires other "
1424 "protective measures), there's no reason not to sign every message, whether "
1425 "or not you are encrypting. In addition to allowing those with GnuPG to "
1426 "verify that the message came from you, signing is a non-intrusive way to "
1427 "remind everyone that you use GnuPG and show support for secure "
1428 "communication. If you often send signed messages to people that aren't "
1429 "familiar with GnuPG, it's nice to also include a link to this guide in your "
1430 "standard email signature (the text kind, not the cryptographic kind)."
1433 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
1434 msgid "Section 6: Use it Well (2)"
1437 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1438 msgid "Be wary of invalid keys"
1441 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1443 "GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid "
1444 "keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with "
1445 "invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs."
1448 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1450 "In your email program, go back to the first encrypted email that Edward sent "
1451 "you. Because Edward encrypted it with your public key, it will have a green "
1452 "checkmark a at the top \"OpenPGP\" button."
1455 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1457 "<strong>When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that button. The "
1458 "program will warn you there if you get an email signed with a key that can't "
1459 "be trusted.</strong>"
1462 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1463 msgid "Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe"
1466 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1468 "Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate "
1469 "that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest storage "
1470 "that you have -- a flash drive, disk, or hard drive stored in a safe place "
1471 "in your home could work, not on a device you carry with you regularly. The "
1472 "safest way we know is actually to print the revocation certificate and store "
1473 "it in a safe place."
1476 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1478 "If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate "
1479 "file to let people know that you are no longer using that keypair."
1482 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1483 msgid "<em>IMPORTANT:</em> ACT SWIFTLY if someone gets your private key"
1486 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1488 "If you lose your private key or someone else gets a hold of it (say, by "
1489 "stealing or cracking your computer), it's important to revoke it immediately "
1490 "before someone else uses it to read your encrypted email or forge your "
1491 "signature. This guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow "
1493 "href=\"https://www.hackdiary.com/2004/01/18/revoking-a-gpg-key/\">instructions</a>. "
1494 "After you're done revoking, make a new key and send an email to everyone "
1495 "with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know, including a copy "
1499 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1500 msgid "Webmail and GnuPG"
1503 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1505 "When you use a web browser to access your email, you're using webmail, an "
1506 "email program stored on a distant website. Unlike webmail, your desktop "
1507 "email program runs on your own computer. Although webmail can't decrypt "
1508 "encrypted email, it will still display it in its encrypted form. If you "
1509 "primarily use webmail, you'll know to open your email client when you "
1510 "receive a scrambled email."
1513 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1514 msgid "Make your public key part of your online identity"
1517 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1519 "First add your public key fingerprint to your email signature, then compose "
1520 "an email to at least five of your friends, telling them you just set up "
1521 "GnuPG and mentioning your public key fingerprint. Link to this guide and ask "
1522 "them to join you. Don't forget that there's also an awesome <a "
1523 "href=\"infographic.html\">infographic to share.</a>"
1526 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1528 "Start writing your public key fingerprint anywhere someone would see your "
1529 "email address: your social media profiles, blog, Website, or business "
1530 "card. (At the Free Software Foundation, we put ours on our <a "
1531 "href=\"https://fsf.org/about/staff\">staff page</a>.) We need to get our "
1532 "culture to the point that we feel like something is missing when we see an "
1533 "email address without a public key fingerprint."
1536 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
1537 msgid "<a href=\"next_steps.html\">Great job! Check out the next steps.</a>"
1540 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><p>
1541 msgid "← Read the <a href=\"index.html\">full guide</a>"
1544 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><h3><a>
1547 "href=\"https://fsf.org/share?u=https://u.fsf.org/zc&t=How%20public-key%20encryption%20works.%20Infographic%20via%20%40fsf\">"
1550 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><h3>
1551 msgid " Share our infographic </a> with the hashtag #EmailSelfDefense"
1554 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><header><div><p><img>
1555 msgid "View & share our infographic"
1558 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><h1>
1562 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
1563 msgid "<em>#7</em> Next steps"
1566 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1568 "You've now completed the basics of email encryption with GnuPG, taking "
1569 "action against bulk surveillance. These next steps will help make the most "
1570 "of the work you've done."
1573 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1574 msgid "← <a href=\"index.html\">Return to the guide</a>"
1577 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1578 msgid "Join the movement"
1581 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1583 "You've just taken a huge step towards protecting your privacy online. But "
1584 "each of us acting alone isn't enough. To topple bulk surveillance, we need "
1585 "to build a movement for the autonomy and freedom of all computer users. Join "
1586 "the Free Software Foundation's community to meet like-minded people and work "
1587 "together for change."
1590 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1592 "<small>Read <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/twitter\">why GNU Social and "
1593 "Mastodon are better than Twitter</a>, and <a "
1594 "href=\"https://www.fsf.org/facebook\">why we don't use Facebook</a>.</small>"
1597 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><p>
1598 msgid "Low-volume mailing list"
1601 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><form>
1603 "<input type=\"text\" value=\"Type your email...\" name=\"email-Primary\" "
1604 "id=\"frmEmail\" /> <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Add me\" "
1605 "name=\"_qf_Edit_next\" /> <input type=\"hidden\" "
1606 "value=\"https://emailselfdefense.fsf.org/en/confirmation.html\" "
1607 "name=\"postURL\" /> <input type=\"hidden\" value=\"1\" name=\"group[25]\" /> "
1608 "<input type=\"hidden\" "
1609 "value=\"https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&gid=391\" "
1610 "name=\"cancelURL\" /> <input type=\"hidden\" value=\"Edit:cancel\" "
1611 "name=\"_qf_default\" />"
1614 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><div><p>
1616 "<small>Read our <a "
1617 "href=\"https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html\">privacy "
1618 "policy</a>.</small>"
1621 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1622 msgid "Bring Email Self-Defense to new people"
1625 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1627 "Understanding and setting up email encryption is a daunting task for "
1628 "many. To welcome them, make it easy to find your public key and offer to "
1629 "help with encryption. Here are some suggestions:"
1632 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><ul><li>
1634 "# Lead an Email Self-Defense workshop for your friends and community, using "
1635 "our <a href=\"workshops.html\">teaching guide</a>."
1638 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><ul><li>
1641 "href=\"https://fsf.org/share?u=https://u.fsf.org/zb&t=Encrypt%20with%20me%20using%20Email%20Self-Defense%20%40fsf\"> "
1642 "our sharing page</a> to compose a message to a few friends and ask them to "
1643 "join you in using encrypted email. Remember to include your GnuPG public key "
1644 "fingerprint so they can easily download your key."
1647 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><ul><li>
1649 "# Add your public key fingerprint anywhere that you normally display your "
1650 "email address. Some good places are: your email signature (the text kind, "
1651 "not the cryptographic kind), social media profiles, blogs, Web sites, or "
1652 "business cards. At the Free Software Foundation, we put ours on our <a "
1653 "href=\"https://fsf.org/about/staff\">staff page</a>."
1656 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1657 msgid "Protect more of your digital life"
1660 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1662 "Learn surveillance-resistant technologies for instant messages, hard drive "
1663 "storage, online sharing, and more at <a "
1664 "href=\"https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Collection:Privacy_pack\"> the Free "
1665 "Software Directory's Privacy Pack</a> and <a "
1666 "href=\"https://prism-break.org\">prism-break.org</a>."
1669 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1671 "If you are using Windows, macOS or any other proprietary operating system, "
1672 "we recommend you switch to a free software operating system like "
1673 "GNU/Linux. This will make it much harder for attackers to enter your "
1674 "computer through hidden back doors. Check out the Free Software Foundation's "
1675 "<a href=\"https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html\">endorsed versions "
1679 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1680 msgid "Optional: Add more email protection with Tor"
1683 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1685 "<a href=\"https://www.torproject.org/about/overview.html.en\">The Onion "
1686 "Router (Tor) network</a> wraps Internet communication in multiple layers of "
1687 "encryption and bounces it around the world several times. When used "
1688 "properly, Tor confuses surveillance field agents and the global surveillance "
1689 "apparatus alike. Using it simultaneously with GnuPG's encryption will give "
1690 "you the best results."
1693 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1695 "To have your email program send and receive email over Tor, install the <a "
1696 "href=\"https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/thunderbird/addon/torbirdy/\">Torbirdy "
1697 "plugin</a> by searching for it through Add-ons."
1700 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1702 "Before beginning to check your email over Tor, make sure you understand <a "
1703 "href=\"https://www.torproject.org/docs/faq.html.en#WhatProtectionsDoesTorProvide\"> "
1704 "the security tradeoffs involved</a>. This <a "
1705 "href=\"https://www.eff.org/pages/tor-and-https\">infographic</a> from our "
1706 "friends at the Electronic Frontier Foundation demonstrates how Tor keeps you "
1710 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p><img>
1711 msgid "Section 7: Next Steps"
1714 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1715 msgid "Make Email Self-Defense tools even better"
1718 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1720 "<a href=\"https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review\">Leave "
1721 "feedback and suggest improvements to this guide</a>. We welcome "
1722 "translations, but we ask that you contact us at <a "
1723 "href=\"mailto:campaigns@fsf.org\">campaigns@fsf.org</a> before you start, so "
1724 "that we can connect you with other translators working in your language."
1727 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1729 "If you like programming, you can contribute code to <a "
1730 "href=\"https://www.gnupg.org/\">GnuPG</a>."
1733 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1735 "To go the extra mile, support the Free Software Foundation so we can keep "
1736 "improving Email Self-Defense, and make more tools like it."
1739 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><ul><li>
1740 msgid "<a href=\"index.html\">Set up guide</a>"
1743 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><ul><li>
1744 msgid "<a href=\"workshops.html\" class=\"current\">Teach your friends</a>"
1747 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><div><div><p>
1749 "We want to translate this guide into more languages, and make a version for "
1750 "encryption on mobile devices. Please donate, and help people around the "
1751 "world take the first step towards protecting their privacy with free "
1755 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><div><p><a>
1758 "href=\"https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=14&pk_campaign=email_self_defense&pk_kwd=guide_donate\">"
1761 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><header><div><div><p><a><img>
1762 msgid "View & share our infographic →"
1765 #. type: Content of: <html><body><header><div><div><p>
1767 "</a> Understanding and setting up email encryption sounds like a daunting "
1768 "task to many people. That's why helping your friends with GnuPG plays such "
1769 "an important role in helping spread encryption. Even if only one person "
1770 "shows up, that's still one more person using encryption who wasn't "
1771 "before. You have the power to help your friends keep their digital love "
1772 "letters private, and teach them about the importance of free software. If "
1773 "you use GnuPG to send and receive encrypted email, you're a perfect "
1774 "candidate for leading a workshop!"
1777 #. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <html><body><section><div><div><p><img>
1778 msgid "A small workshop among friends"
1781 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
1782 msgid "<em>#1</em> Get your friends or community interested"
1785 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1787 "If you hear friends grumbling about their lack of privacy, ask them if "
1788 "they're interested in attending a workshop on Email Self-Defense. If your "
1789 "friends don't grumble about privacy, they may need some convincing. You "
1790 "might even hear the classic \"if you've got nothing to hide, you've got "
1791 "nothing to fear\" argument against using encryption."
1794 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1796 "Here are some talking points you can use to help explain why it's worth it "
1797 "to learn GnuPG. Mix and match whichever you think will make sense to your "
1801 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1802 msgid "Strength in numbers"
1805 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1807 "Each person who chooses to resist mass surveillance with encryption makes it "
1808 "easier for others to resist as well. People normalizing the use of strong "
1809 "encryption has multiple powerful effects: it means those who need privacy "
1810 "the most, like potential whistle-blowers and activists, are more likely to "
1811 "learn about encryption. More people using encryption for more things also "
1812 "makes it harder for surveillance systems to single out those that can't "
1813 "afford to be found, and shows solidarity with those people."
1816 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1817 msgid "People you respect may already be using encryption"
1820 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1822 "Many journalists, whistleblowers, activists, and researchers use GnuPG, so "
1823 "your friends might unknowingly have heard of a few people who use it "
1824 "already. You can search for \"BEGIN PUBLIC KEY BLOCK\" + keyword to help "
1825 "make a list of people and organizations who use GnuPG whom your community "
1826 "will likely recognize."
1829 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1830 msgid "Respect your friends' privacy"
1833 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1835 "There's no objective way to judge what constitutes privacy-sensitive "
1836 "correspondence. As such, it's better not to presume that just because you "
1837 "find an email you sent to a friend innocuous, your friend (or a surveillance "
1838 "agent, for that matter!) feels the same way. Show your friends respect by "
1839 "encrypting your correspondence with them."
1842 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1843 msgid "Privacy technology is normal in the physical world"
1846 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1848 "In the physical realm, we take window blinds, envelopes, and closed doors "
1849 "for granted as ways of protecting our privacy. Why should the digital realm "
1853 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><h3>
1854 msgid "We shouldn't have to trust our email providers with our privacy"
1857 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><div><p>
1859 "Some email providers are very trustworthy, but many have incentives not to "
1860 "protect your privacy and security. To be empowered digital citizens, we need "
1861 "to build our own security from the bottom up."
1864 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
1865 msgid "<em>#2</em> Plan The Workshop"
1868 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1870 "Once you've got at least one interested friend, pick a date and start "
1871 "planning out the workshop. Tell participants to bring their computer and ID "
1872 "(for signing each other's keys). If you'd like to make it easy for the "
1873 "participants to use <a "
1874 "href=\"https://theintercept.com/2015/03/26/passphrases-can-memorize-attackers-cant-guess/\">Diceware</a> "
1875 "for choosing passwords, get a pack of dice beforehand. Make sure the "
1876 "location you select has an easily accessible Internet connection, and make "
1877 "backup plans in case the connection stops working on the day of the "
1878 "workshop. Libraries, coffee shops, and community centers make great "
1879 "locations. Try to get all the participants to set up an email client based "
1880 "on Thunderbird before the event. Direct them to their email provider's IT "
1881 "department or help page if they run into errors."
1884 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1886 "Estimate that the workshop will take at least forty minutes plus ten minutes "
1887 "for each participant. Plan extra time for questions and technical glitches."
1890 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1892 "The success of the workshop requires understanding and catering to the "
1893 "unique backgrounds and needs of each group of participants. Workshops should "
1894 "stay small, so that each participant receives more individualized "
1895 "instruction. If more than a handful of people want to participate, keep the "
1896 "facilitator to participant ratio high by recruiting more facilitators, or by "
1897 "facilitating multiple workshops. Small workshops among friends work great!"
1900 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
1901 msgid "<em>#3</em> Follow the guide as a group"
1904 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1906 "Work through the Email Self-Defense guide a step at a time as a group. Talk "
1907 "about the steps in detail, but make sure not to overload the participants "
1908 "with minutia. Pitch the bulk of your instructions to the least tech-savvy "
1909 "participants. Make sure all the participants complete each step before the "
1910 "group moves on to the next one. Consider facilitating secondary workshops "
1911 "afterwards for people that had trouble grasping the concepts, or those that "
1912 "grasped them quickly and want to learn more."
1915 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1917 "In <a href=\"index.html#section2\">Section 2</a> of the guide, make sure the "
1918 "participants upload their keys to the same keyserver so that they can "
1919 "immediately download each other's keys later (sometimes there is a delay in "
1920 "synchronization between keyservers). During <a "
1921 "href=\"index.html#section3\">Section 3</a>, give the participants the option "
1922 "to send test messages to each other instead of or as well as "
1923 "Edward. Similarly, in <a href=\"index.html#section4\">Section 4</a>, "
1924 "encourage the participants to sign each other's keys. At the end, make sure "
1925 "to remind people to safely back up their revocation certificates."
1928 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
1929 msgid "<em>#4</em> Explain the pitfalls"
1932 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1934 "Remind participants that encryption works only when it's explicitly used; "
1935 "they won't be able to send an encrypted email to someone who hasn't already "
1936 "set up encryption. Also remind participants to double-check the encryption "
1937 "icon before hitting send, and that subjects and timestamps are never "
1941 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1944 "href=\"https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/proprietary.html\">dangers of running "
1945 "a proprietary system</a> and advocate for free software, because without it, "
1947 "href=\"https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2013/fall/how-can-free-software-protect-us-from-surveillance\">meaningfully "
1948 "resist invasions of our digital privacy and autonomy</a>."
1951 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
1952 msgid "<em>#5</em> Share additional resources"
1955 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1957 "GnuPG's advanced options are far too complex to teach in a single "
1958 "workshop. If participants want to know more, point out the advanced "
1959 "subsections in the guide and consider organizing another workshop. You can "
1961 "href=\"https://www.gnupg.org/documentation/index.html\">GnuPG's</a> official "
1962 "documentation and mailing lists, and the <a "
1963 "href=\"https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review\">Email "
1964 "Self-Defense feedback</a> page. Many GNU/Linux distribution's Web sites also "
1965 "contain a page explaining some of GnuPG's advanced features."
1968 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><h2>
1969 msgid "<em>#6</em> Follow up"
1972 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1974 "Make sure everyone has shared email addresses and public key fingerprints "
1975 "before they leave. Encourage the participants to continue to gain GnuPG "
1976 "experience by emailing each other. Send them each an encrypted email one "
1977 "week after the event, reminding them to try adding their public key ID to "
1978 "places where they publicly list their email address."
1981 #. type: Content of: <html><body><section><div><div><p>
1983 "If you have any suggestions for improving this workshop guide, please let us "
1984 "know at <a href=\"mailto:campaigns@fsf.org\">campaigns@fsf.org</a>."