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+<p>Without free software, we cannot and will not have a free society. <b>We rely on donations from people like you, who use and appreciate our work.<\/b> Fuel our journey forward, and help us reach our ultimate destination: full software freedom.<\/p><p>Support us with a donation today, and help us maximize our summer fundraising goal by donating before July 19 \&ndash\; Every contribution will be matched dollar for dollar by our generous donors up to USD 11,000.<\/p> \
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+<h3><a href="http
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Bulk surveillance violates our fundamental rights and makes free speech
risky. This guide will teach you a basic surveillance self-defense skill: email
software (like Windows or macOS). Learn more about free software at <a
href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">fsf.org</a>.</p>
-<p>Most GNU/Linux operating systems come with GnuPG installed on them,
-so you don't have to download it. Before configuring your encryption setup with this guide, though, you'll need a desktop email program based on Thunderbird installed on your computer. Many GNU/Linux distributions have Thunderbird installed already. If you're using a <a href="https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html">fully free distribution of GNU/Linux</a>, we recommend installing "Icedove" instead. Programs like these are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like Gmail), but provide extra features.</p>
+<p>Most GNU/Linux operating systems come with GnuPG installed on them, so if you're running one of these systems, you don't have to download it. If you're running macOS or Windows, steps to download GnuPG are below. "Before configuring your encryption setup with this guide, though, you'll need a desktop email program installed on your computer. Many GNU/Linux distributions have one installed already, such as Icedove, which may be under the alternate name "Thunderbird." Programs like these are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like Gmail), but provide extra features.</p>
<p>If you already have an email program, you can skip to <a
href="#section2">Step 2</a>.</p>
<div class="sidebar">
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step1a-install-wizard.png"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step1a-install-wizard.png"
alt="Step 1.A: Install Wizard" /></p>
</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
<h3><em>Step 1.a</em> Set up your email program with your email account</h3>
<p>Open your email program and follow the wizard (step-by-step walkthrough)
-that sets it up with your email account.</p>
+that sets it up with your email account. This usually starts from "Account Settings" → "Add Mail Account". You should get the email server settings from your systems administrator or the help section of your email account.</p>
+<br />
<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
<div class="troubleshooting">
<dd>Before searching the Web, we recommend you start by asking other people
who use your email system, to figure out the correct settings.</dd>
-<dt>I can't find the menu.</dt>
+<dt>I can't find the menu</dt>
<dd>In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of
three stacked horizontal bars.</dd>
</div><!-- End .main -->
</div><!-- End #step1-a .step -->
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-1b" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 1.b</em> Get your terminal ready and install GnuPG</h3>
+
+<p>If you are using a GNU/Linux machine, you should already have GnuPG installed, and you can skip to <a href="#section2">Step 2</a>.</p>
+<p>If you are using a macOS or Windows machine, however, you need to first install the GnuPG program. Select your operating system below and follow the steps. For the rest of the steps in this guide, the steps are the same for all operating systems. </p>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ MACOS ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>MacOS</h4>
+
+<dl>
+<dt>Use a third-party package manager to install GnuPG</dt>
+<dd>Your macOS comes with a program called "Terminal" pre-installed, which we'll use to set up your encryption with GnuPG, using the command line. However, the default macOS package manager makes it difficult to install GnuPG and other pieces of free software (like Emacs, GIMP, or Inkscape).<br/>
+To make things easier, we recommend setting up the third-party package manager "Homebrew" to install GnuPG. Copy the link on the home page of <a href="https://brew.sh/">Homebrew</a> and paste it in Terminal. Click "Enter" and wait for it to finalize.<br/>
+When it is done, install the program by entering the following code in Terminal:<br/>
+<span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">brew install gnupg gnupg2</span>. After installation is done, you can follow the steps of the rest of this guide.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ WINDOWS ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>Windows</h4>
+
+<dl>
+<dt>Get GnuPG by downloading GPG4Win</dt>
+<dd><a href="https://www.gpg4win.org/">GPG4Win</a> is a email and file encryption software package that includes GnuPG. Download and install the latest version, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.<br/>
+
+
+<p class="notes">To follow the rest of the steps in this guide, you'll use the program called "PowerShell", which is a program you'll see elsewhere referred to as a "terminal." This allows you to operate your computer using the command line.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step1-b .step -->
+
<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
<div id="terminology" class="step">
<div class="main">
-<h3>GnuPG,OpenPGP, what?</h3>
+<h3>GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?</h3>
<p>In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP
are used interchangeably. Technically, OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the
<div class="section-intro">
<h2><em>#2</em> Make your keys</h2>
-<p><img style="float:right; width:400px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/en/screenshots/step2a-01-make-keypair.png" alt="A robot with a head shaped like a key holding a private and a public key"/></p>
+<p><img style="float:right; width:400px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2a-01-make-keypair.png" alt="A robot with a head shaped like a key holding a private and a public key"/></p>
<p>To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known
together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers
<div id="step-2a" class="step">
<div class="sidebar">
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step2a-02-make-keypair.png"
-alt="Step 2.A: Make your Keypair" text="Make a keypair" /></p>
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2a-02-make-keypair.png"
+alt="Step 2.A: Make your Keypair" /></p>
<br />
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step2a-03-make-keypair.png"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2a-03-make-keypair.png"
alt="Step 2.A: Set your passphrase" /></p>
<br />
<h3><em>Step 2.a</em> Make a keypair</h3>
<h6>Make your keypair</h6>
-<p>We will use the command line to create a keypair using the gnupg program. This should be installed on your GNU/Linux operating system.
-Open a terminal using <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ctrl + alt + t</text>, or find it in your applications, and use the following code to create your keypair:</p>
+<p>Open a terminal using <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ctrl + alt + t</span> (on GNU/linux), or find it in your applications, and use the following code to create your keypair:</p>
+
+<p class="notes">We will use the command line in a terminal to create a keypair using the GnuPG program. A terminal should be installed on your GNU/Linux operating system, if you are using a macOS or Windows OS system, use the programs "Terminal" (macOS) or "PowerShell" (Windows) that were also used in section 1.</p>
-<p># <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --full-generate-key</text> to start the process.</p>
-<p># To answer what kind of key you would like to create, select the default option <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;"> 1 RSA and RSA<text>.</p>
-<p># Enter the following keysize: <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">4096</text> for a strong key.</p>
-<p># Choose the expiration date, we suggest <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">2y</text> (2 years).</p>
+<p># <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --full-generate-key</span> to start the process.</p>
+<p># To answer what kind of key you would like to create, select the default option <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;"> 1 RSA and RSA</span>.</p>
+<p># Enter the following keysize: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">4096</span> for a strong key.</p>
+<p># Choose the expiration date, we suggest <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">2y</span> (2 years).</p>
<p>Follow the prompts to continue setting up with your personal details.</p>
<br />
<dl>
<dt>GnuPG is not installed</dt>
<dd>
-GPG is not installed. You can check if this is the case with the command <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --version</text>
-If Gnupg is not installed, it would bring up the following result:
-<text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">Command 'gpg' not found, but can be installed with:
- sudo apt install gnupg</text>. Follow that command and install the program.</dd>
+GPG is not installed. You can check if this is the case with the command <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --version</span>.
+If GnuPG is not installed, it would bring up the following result on most GNU/Linux operating systems, or something like it:
+<span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">Command 'gpg' not found, but can be installed with:
+ sudo apt install gnupg</span>. Follow that command and install the program.</dd>
<dt>I took too long to create my passphrase</dt>
-<dd>That's okay. It's important to think about your passphrase, when you're ready, just follow the steps to create your key again.</dd>
+<dd>That's okay. It's important to think about your passphrase. When you're ready, just follow the steps from the beginning again to create your key.</dd>
-<dt>How can i see my key?</dt>
+<dt>How can I see my key?</dt>
<dd>
-Use the following command to see all keys <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-keys</text>. Yours should be listed in there, and later, so will Edward's (<a href="#section3">section 3</a>). If you want to see only your key, you can use <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-key [your@email]</text>
-You can also use <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-secret-key</text> to see your own private key.</dd>
+Use the following command to see all keys <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --list-keys</span>. Yours should be listed in there, and later, so will Edward's (<a href="#section3">section 3</a>). If you want to see only your key, you can use <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --list-key [your@email]</span>.
+You can also use <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --list-secret-key</span> to see your own private key.</dd>
<dt>More resources</dt>
<dd>For more information about this process, you can also refer to <a
href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/c14.html#AEN25">The GNU Privacy
Handbook</a>. Make sure you stick with "RSA and RSA" (the default),
because it's newer and more secure than the algorithms the documentation
-recommends. Also make sure your key is at least 4096 if you
+recommends. Also make sure your key is at least 4096 bits if you
want to be secure.</dd>
<dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
subkeys carefully, you can keep your GnuPG identity more
secure and recover from a compromised key much more quickly. <a
href="https://alexcabal.com/creating-the-perfect-gpg-keypair/">Alex Cabal</a>
-and <a href="http://keyring.debian.org/creating-key.html">the Debian wiki</a>
+and <a href="https://keyring.debian.org/creating-key.html">the Debian wiki</a>
provide good guides for setting up a secure subkey configuration.</dd>
+</dl>
</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
</div><!-- End .main -->
<div id="step-2b" class="step">
<div class="sidebar">
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step2b-04-upload-and-certificate.png"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2b-04-upload-and-certificate.png"
alt="Step 2.B: Send to server and generate a certificate" /></p>
</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies
of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes
takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.</p>
-<p># Copy your keyID <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-key [your@email]</text> will list your public ("pub") key information, including your keyID, which is a unique list of numbers and letters. Copy this keyID, so you can use it in the following command.</p>
-<p># Upload your key to a server: <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --send-key [keyID]</text></p>
+<p># Copy your keyID <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-key [your@email]</span> will list your public ("pub") key information, including your keyID, which is a unique list of numbers and letters. Copy this keyID, so you can use it in the following command.</p>
+<p># Upload your key to a server: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --send-key [keyID]</span></p>
<br />
<h6>Export your key to a file</h6>
-<p>Use the following command to export your secret key so you can import it into your email client at the next <a href=#section3>step</a>. To avoid getting your key compromised, store this in a safe place, and make sure that if it is transferred, it is done so in a trusted way. Exporting your keys can be done with the following commands:</p>
+<p>Use the following command to export your secret key so you can import it into your email client at the next <a href="#section3">step</a>. To avoid getting your key compromised, store this in a safe place, and make sure that if it is transferred, it is done so in a trusted way. Exporting your keys can be done with the following commands:</p>
-<text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
-<p>$ gpg --export-secret-keys -a keyid > my_secret_key.asc</p>
-<p>$ gpg --export -a keyid > my_public_key.asc</p>
-</text>
+<span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
+$ gpg --export-secret-keys -a [keyid] > my_secret_key.asc<br/>
+$ gpg --export -a [keyid] > my_public_key.asc<br/>
+</span><br />
<br />
<h6>Generate a revocation certificate</h6>
-<p>Just in case you lose your key, or it gets compromised, you want to generate a certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer for now (please refer to <a href="#step-6c"> step 6.C for how to best store your revocation cerficate safely). This step is essential for your email self-defense, as you'll learn more about in <a href="#section5">Section
-5</a>.</p>
-<p># Copy your keyID <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-key [your@email]</text> will list your public ("pub") key information, including your keyID, which is a unique list of numbers and letters. Copy this keyID, so you can use it in the following command.</p>
-<p># Upload your key to a server: <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --output revoke.asc [keyID]</text></p>
-<p># It will prompt you to give a reason for revocation, we recommend to use <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">1 "key has been compromised"</text></p>
+<p>Just in case you lose your key, or it gets compromised, you want to generate a certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer for now (please refer to <a href="#step-6c"> step 6.C</a> for how to best store your revocation cerficate safely). This step is essential for your email self-defense, as you'll learn more about in <a href="#section5">Section 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p># Copy your keyID <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-key [your@email]</span> will list your public ("pub") key information, including your keyID, which is a unique list of numbers and letters. Copy this keyID, so you can use it in the following command.</p>
+<p># Generate a revocation certificate: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --gen-revoke --output revoke.asc [keyID]</span></p>
+<p># It will prompt you to give a reason for revocation, we recommend to use <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">1 "key has been compromised"</span></p>
<p># You don't have to fill in a reason, but you can, then press enter for an empty line, and comfirm your selection.</p>
<br />
<h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
<dl>
-<dt>My key is doesn't seem to be working or I get a "permission denied".</dt>
-<dd>Like everything other file or folder, gpg keys are subject to permissions. If these are not set correctly, your system may not be accepting your keys, you can follow the next steps to check, and update to the right permissions.</p>
+<dt>My key doesn't seem to be working or I get a "permission denied."</dt>
+<dd>Like every other file or folder, gpg keys are subject to permissions. If these are not set correctly, your system may not be accepting your keys. You can follow the next steps to check, and update to the right permissions.<br/><br/>
-# Check your permissions: <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ls -l ~/.gnupg/*</text></p>
-# Set permissions to read, write, execute for only yourself, no others. This is the recommended permission for your folder, you can use the code <text style="color:#2f5faa">
-chmod 700 ~/.gnupg</text>.</p>
-# Set permissions to read, write for only yourself, no others. This is the recommended permission for the keys inside your folder, you can use the code: <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">chmod 600 ~/.gnupg/*</text>.</p>
+# Check your permissions: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ls -l ~/.gnupg/*</span><br/><br/>
+# Set permissions to read, write, execute for only yourself, no others. This is the recommended permission for your folder. <br/>
+You can use the code <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">chmod 700 ~/.gnupg</span><br/><br/>
+# Set permissions to read and write for yourself only, no others. This is the recommended permission for the keys inside your folder. <br/>
+You can use the code: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">chmod 600 ~/.gnupg/*</span><br/><br/>
-<p class="notes"><p>If you have (for any reason) created your own folders inside ~/.gnupg, you must also additionally apply execute permissions to that folder. Folders require execution privileges to be opened. For more information on permissions, you can check out <a href="https://helpdeskgeek.com/linux-tips/understanding-linux-permissions-chmod-usage/">this detailed information guide</a>.</p>
+<p class="notes">If you have (for any reason) created your own folders inside ~/.gnupg, you must also additionally apply execute permissions to that folder. Folders require execution privileges to be opened. For more information on permissions, you can check out <a href="https://helpdeskgeek.com/linux-tips/understanding-linux-permissions-chmod-usage/">this detailed information guide</a>.</p><br/>
</dd>
<dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
<dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
<dl>
<dt>More about keyservers</dt>
<dd>You can find some more keyserver information<a
-href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x457.html">in this manual</a>. <a
+href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x457.html">
in this manual</a>. <a
href="https://sks-keyservers.net/overview-of-pools.php">The sks Web site</a>
maintains a list of highly interconnected keyservers. You can also <a
href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x56.html#AEN64">directly export
your key</a> as a file on your computer.</dd>
<dt>Transferring your keys</dt>
-<dd>Use the following commands transfer your keys. To avoid getting your key compromised, store it in a safe place, and make sure that if it is transferred, it is done so in a trusted way. Importing and exporting a key can be done with the following commands:</p>
+<dd>Use the following commands to transfer your keys. To avoid getting your key compromised, store it in a safe place, and make sure that if it is transferred, it is done so in a trusted way. Importing and exporting a key can be done with the following commands:<br/>
-<text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
-$ gpg --export-secret-keys -a keyid > my_private_key.asc</p>
-$ gpg --export -a keyid > my_public_key.asc</p>
-</text>
+<span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
+$ gpg --export-secret-keys -a keyid > my_private_key.asc<br/>
+$ gpg --export -a keyid > my_public_key.asc<br/>
+$ gpg --import my_private_key.asc<br/>
+$ gpg --import my_public_key.asc<br/>
+</span>
-<text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
-$ gpg --import my_private_key.asc</p>
-$ gpg --import my_public_key.asc</p>
-</text>
+<p>Ensure that the keyID printed is the correct one, and if so, then go ahead and add ultimate trust for it:</p>
+<span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
+$ gpg --edit-key [your@email]
+</span><br/>
-Ensure that the Key ID printed is the correct one, and if so, then go ahead and add ultimate trust for it:</p>
-<text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
-$ gpg --edit-key [your@email]</p>
-</text>
+Because this is your key, you should choose <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ultimate</span>. You shouldn't trust anyone else's key ultimately.
-Because this is your key, you should choose <text style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ultimate</text>. You shouldn't trust anyone else's key ultimately.
-
-<p class="notes"> Refer to <a href="#step-2b">troubleshoot in step 2.B</a> for more information on permissions. When transferring keys, your permissions may get mixed, and errors may be prompted. These have are easily avoided when your folders and files have the right permissions</p>
+<p class="notes"> Refer to <a href="#step-2b">troubleshoot in step 2.B</a> for more information on permissions. When transferring keys, your permissions may get mixed, and errors may be prompted. These are easily avoided when your folders and files have the right permissions</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="section-intro">
<h2><em>#3</em> Set up email encryption</h2>
-<p class="notes"><p>Icedove and Thunderbird email programs have PGP functionality integrated, which makes it pretty easy to work with. We'll take you through the steps of integrating and using your key in these email clients.</p>
+<p class="notes">The Icedove (or Thunderbird) email program has PGP functionality integrated, which makes it pretty easy to work with. We'll take you through the steps of integrating and using your key in these email clients.</p>
</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
<div id="step-3a" class="step">
<div class="sidebar">
-<p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step3a-open-key-manager.png"
-alt="Step 3.A: Thunderbird Menu" /></p>
-<p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step3a-import-from-file.png"
+<p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-open-key-manager.png"
+alt="Step 3.A: Email Menu" /></p>
+<br />
+<p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-import-from-file.png"
alt="Step 3.A: Import From File" /></p>
-<p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step3a-select-file.png"
-alt="Step 3.A: Select File" /></p>
-<p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step3a-success.png"
+<br />
+<p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-success.png"
alt="Step 3.A: Success" /></p>
+<br />
+<p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-troubleshoot.png"
+alt="Step 3.A: Troubleshoot" /></p>
</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
<div class="main">
<h3><em>Step 3.a</em> Set up your email with encryption</h3>
Once you have set up your email with encryption, you can start contributing to encrypted traffic on the Internet. First we'll get your email client to import your secret key, and we will also learn how to get other people's public keys from servers so you can send and receive encrypted email.
-<p># Open your email client and use "Tools" → <text style="color:#2f5faa;">OpenPGP Manager</p></text></p>
-<p># Under "File" → <text style="color:#2f5faa;">Import Secret Key(s) From File</text></p>
+<p># Open your email client and use "Tools" → <span style="color:#2f5faa;">OpenPGP Manager</span></p>
+<p># Under "File" → <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Import Secret Key(s) From File</span></p>
<p># Select the file you saved under the name [my_secret_key.asc] in step <a href="#step-3b">step 3.b</a> when you exported your key</p>
<p># Unlock with your passphrase</p>
<p># You will receive a "OpenPGP keys successfully imported" window to confirm success</p>
-<p># Go to "Edit" (in Icedove) or "Tools" (in Thunderbird) → "Account settings" → "End-To-End Encryption", and make sure your key is imported and select <text style="color:#2f5faa;">Treat this key as a Personal Key</text>.</p>
+<p># Go to "Edit" (in Icedove) or "Tools" (in Thunderbird) → "Account settings" → "End-To-End Encryption," and make sure your key is imported and select <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Treat this key as a Personal Key</span>.</p>
</div><!-- End .main -->
<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
-<div class="sidebar">
-
-<p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step3a-troubleshoot.png"
-alt="Step 3.A: Troubleshoot" /></p>
-</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
-
<div class="main">
<div class="troubleshooting">
<h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
<dl>
<dt>I'm not sure the import worked correctly</dt>
<dd>
-Under "Edit" (in Icedove) or "Tools" (in Thunderbird) look for "Account settings" → "End-To-End Encryption" you can see if your personal key associated with this email is found. If it is not, you can try again via the <text style="color:#2f5faa;">Add key</text> option. Make sure you have the correct, active, secret key file.
+Look for "Account settings" → "End-To-End Encryption" (Under "Edit" (in Icedove) or "Tools" (in Thunderbird)). Here you can see if your personal key associated with this email is found. If it is not, you can try again via the <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Add key</span> option. Make sure you have the correct, active, secret key file.
</dd>
<dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
<div class="section-intro">
<h2><em>#4</em> Try it out!</h2>
-<p><img style="float:right; width:250px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/en/screenshots/section3-try-it-out.png" alt="Illustration of a person in a house with a cat connected to a server"/></p>
-<p>Now you'll try a test correspondence with a computer program named Edward,
+<p><img style="float:right; width:250px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section3-try-it-out.png" alt="Illustration of a person in a house with a cat connected to a server"/></p>
+<p>Now you'll try a test correspondence with an FSF computer program named Edward,
who knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same
steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.</p>
<div class="sidebar">
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step4a-send-key-to-Edward.png"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4a-send-key-to-Edward.png"
alt="Step 4.A Send key to Edward." /></p>
</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
<p>This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding
with real people. In your email program's menu, go to "Tools" → "OpenPGP Key
-Manager". You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click
-on your key and select <text style="color:#2f5faa;">Send Public Keys by Email</text>. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the "Write" button, but in the attachment you will find your public keyfile.</p>
+Manager." You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click
+on your key and select <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Send Public Keys by Email</span>. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the "Write" button, but in the attachment you will find your public keyfile.</p>
<p>Address the message to <a
href="mailto:edward-en@fsf.org">edward-en@fsf.org</a>. Put at least one word
(whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email. Don't send yet.</p>
-<p>We want Edward to be able to open the email with your keyfile, so we want this first special message to be unencrypted. Make sure encryption is turned off by using the dropdown menu "Security" and select <text style="color:#2f5faa">Do Not Encrypt</text>. Once encryption is off, hit Send.</p>
+<p>We want Edward to be able to open the email with your keyfile, so we want this first special message to be unencrypted. Make sure encryption is turned off by using the dropdown menu "Security" and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Do Not Encrypt</span>. Once encryption is off, hit Send.</p>
<p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Edward to
respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a
-href="#section6">Use it Well</a> section of this guide. Once he's responded,
+href="#section6">Use it Well</a> section of this guide. Once you have received a response,
head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as
when corresponding with a real person.</p>
<div class="sidebar">
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step4b-option1-verify-key.png"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4b-option1-verify-key.png"
alt="Step 4.B Option 1. Verify key" /></p>
+
+<br />
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step4b-option2-import-key.png"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4b-option2-import-key.png"
alt="Step 4.B Option 2. Import key" /></p>
</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
<h6>Get Edward's key</h6>
<p>To encrypt an email to Edward, you need its public key, so now you'll have
to download it from a keyserver. You can do this in two different ways:</p>
-<p>Option 1. In the email answer you received from Edward as a response to your first email, Edward's public key was included. On the right of the email, just above the writing area, you will find an "OpenPGP" button that has a lock and a little wheel next to it. Click that, and select <text style="color:#2f5faa">Discover</text> next to the text: "This message was sent with a key that you don't have yet." A popup with Edward's key details will follow.
+<p><strong>Option 1.</strong> In the email answer you received from Edward as a response to your first email, Edward's public key was included. On the right of the email, just above the writing area, you will find an "OpenPGP" button that has a lock and a little wheel next to it. Click that, and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Discover</span> next to the text: "This message was sent with a key that you don't have yet." A popup with Edward's key details will follow.</p>
-<p>Option 2. Open your OpenPGP manager and under "Keyserver" choose <text style="color:#2f5faa">Discover Keys Online</text>. Here, fill in Edward's email address, and import Edward's key.
+<p><strong>Option 2.</strong> Open your OpenPGP manager and under "Keyserver" choose <span style="color:#2f5faa">Discover Keys Online</span>. Here, fill in Edward's email address, and import Edward's key.</p>
-<p>The option <text style="color:#2f5faa">Accepted (unverified)</text> will add this key to your key manager, and now it can be used to send encrypted emails and to verify digital signatures from Edward.</p>
+<p>The option <span style="color:#2f5faa">Accepted (unverified)</span> will add this key to your key manager, and now it can be used to send encrypted emails and to verify digital signatures from Edward.</p>
-<p class="notes">Edward has many different emails associated with its key, you can safely import the key.</p>
+<p class="notes">In the popup window confirming if you want to import Edward's key, you'll see many different emails that are all associated with its key. This is correct; you can safely import the key.</p>
<p class="notes">Since you encrypted this email with Edward's public key,
Edward's private key is required to decrypt it. Edward is the only one with
its private key, so no one except Edward can decrypt it.</p>
<br />
-<h6>Send Edward an encrpyted email</h6>
+<h6>Send Edward an encrypted email</h6>
-<p>
# Write a new email in your email program, addressed to <a
+<p> Write a new email in your email program, addressed to <a
href="mailto:edward-en@fsf.org">edward-en@fsf.org</a>. Make the subject
"Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body.</p>
-<p>This time, make sure encryption is turned on by using the drowpdown menu "Security" and select <text style="color:#2f5faa">Require Encryption</text>. Once encryption is on, hit Send.</p>
+<p>This time, make sure encryption is turned on by using the dropdown menu "Security" and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Require Encryption</span>. Once encryption is on, hit Send.</p>
<br />
<dd>You may be trying to send an encrypted email to someone when you do not have their public key yet. Make sure you follow the steps above to import the key to your key manager. Open OpenPGP Key Manager to make sure the recipient is listed there.</dd>
<dt>Unable to send message</dt>
-<dd>You could get the following message when trying to send your encrypted email: "Unable to send this message with end-to-end encryption, because there are problems with the keys of the following recipients: edward-en@fsf.org." This usually means you imported the key with the "unaccepted (unverified) option, if you go to the "key properties" of this key by right clicking on the key in the OpenPGP Key Manager, you can select the option <text style="color:#2f5faa">Yes, but I have not verified that this is the correct key.</text> in the "Acceptance" option at the bottom of this window. Resend the email.</dd>
+<dd>You could get the following message when trying to send your encrypted email: "Unable to send this message with end-to-end encryption, because there are problems with the keys of the following recipients: edward-en@fsf.org." This usually means you imported the key with the "unaccepted (unverified) option." Go to the "key properties" of this key by right clicking on the key in the OpenPGP Key Manager, and select the option <span style="color:#2f5faa">Yes, but I have not verified that this is the correct key</span> in the "Acceptance" option at the bottom of this window. Resend the email.</dd>
<dt>I can't find Edward's key</dt>
<dd>Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked Send. Make sure
<p>For greater security against potential attacks, you can turn off
HTML. Instead, you can render the message body as plain text. In order
-to do this in Thunderbird, go to View > Message Body As > Plain
+to do this in Icedove or Thunderbird, go to View > Message Body As > Plain
Text.</p>
</div><!-- End .main -->
<div class="sidebar">
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev1/img/en/screenshots/step4c-Edward-response.png"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4c-Edward-response.png"
alt="Step 4.C Edward's response" /></p>
</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
signature. If they do have GnuPG, they'll also be able to verify that your
signature is authentic.</p>
-<p>To sign an email to Edward, compose any message to him and click the
+<p>To sign an email to Edward, compose any message to the email address and click the
pencil icon next to the lock icon so that it turns gold. If you sign a
message, GnuPG may ask you for your password before it sends the message,
because it needs to unlock your private key for signing.</p>
-<p>In "Account Settings" → "End-To-End-Encryption" you can opt to <text style="color:#2f5faa">add digital signature by default</text>.</p>
+<p>In "Account Settings" → "End-To-End-Encryption" you can opt to <span style="color:#2f5faa">add digital signature by default</span>.</p>
</div><!-- End .main -->
</div><!-- End #step-4d .step -->
</div><!-- End #step-4e .step -->
</div></section>
-<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 5: Learn the Web of Trust ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 5: Learn About the Web of Trust ~~~~~~~~~ -->
<section class="row" id="section5"><div>
<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
<div class="section-intro">
-<h2><em>#5</em> Learn the Web of Trust</h2>
-<p><img style="float:right; width:250px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/en/screenshots/section4-web-of-trust.png" alt="Illustration of keys all interconnected with a web of lines"/></p>
+<h2><em>#5</em> Learn about the Web of Trust</h2>
+<p><img style="float:right; width:250px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section5-web-of-trust.png" alt="Illustration of keys all interconnected with a web of lines"/></p>
-<p>Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness;
+<p>Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness:
it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually
theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making
-an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it and
+an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it, and
impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that
developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.</p>
<div class="sidebar">
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/en/screenshots/step5a-key-properties.png"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step5a-key-properties.png"
alt="Section 5: trusting a key" /></p>
</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
<h3><em>Step 5.a</em> Sign a key</h3>
-<p>In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP Key Manager and select <text style="color:#2f5faa">Key properties</text> by right clicking on Edward's key.</p>
+<p>In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP Key Manager and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Key properties</span> by right clicking on Edward's key.</p>
-<p>Under "Your Acceptance", you can select <text style="color:#2f5faa">Yes, I've verified in person this key has the correct fingerprint"</text></p>
+<p>Under "Your Acceptance," you can select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Yes, I've verified in person this key has the correct fingerprint"</span>.</p>
<p class="notes">You've just effectively said "I trust that Edward's public
key actually belongs to Edward." This doesn't mean much because Edward isn't
-a real person, but it's good practice, and for real people it is important. You can read more about signing a person's key in the <a href="#check-ids-before-signing">check IDs before signing</a> section</p>
+a real person, but it's good practice, and for real people it is important. You can read more about signing a person's key in the <a href="#check-ids-before-signing">check IDs before signing</a> section.</p>
<!--<div id="pgp-pathfinder">
they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.</p>
<p class="notes">You may also see public keys referred to by a shorter
-key ID. This key ID is visible directly from the Key Management
-window. These eight character key IDs were previously used for
+keyID. This keyID is visible directly from the Key Management
+window. These eight character keyIDs were previously used for
identification, which used to be safe, but is no longer reliable. You
need to check the full fingerprint as part of verifying you have the
correct key for the person you are trying to contact. Spoofing, in
confidence comes from having interactions and conversations with them over
time, and witnessing interactions between them and others. Whenever signing
a key, ask to see the full public key fingerprint, and not just the shorter
-key ID. If you feel it's important to sign the key of someone you've just
+keyID. If you feel it's important to sign the key of someone you've just
met, also ask them to show you their government identification, and make
sure the name on the ID matches the name on the public key.</p>
<dl>
<dt>Master the Web of Trust</dt>
<dd>Unfortunately, trust does not spread between users the way <a
-href="http://fennetic.net/irc/finney.org/~hal/web_of_trust.html">many people
-think</a>. One of best ways to strengthen the GnuPG community is to deeply <a
+href="https://fennetic.net/irc/finney.org/~hal/web_of_trust.html">many people
+think</a>. One of
the best ways to strengthen the GnuPG community is to deeply <a
href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x334.html">understand</a> the Web of
Trust and to carefully sign as many people's keys as circumstances permit.</dd>
</dl>
<div class="sidebar">
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/en/screenshots/section5-01-use-it-well.png"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section6-01-use-it-well.png"
alt="Section 6: Use it Well (1)" /></p>
</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
<div class="sidebar">
<p><img
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/en/screenshots/section5-02-use-it-well.png"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section6-02-use-it-well.png"
alt="Section 6: Use it Well (2)" /></p>
</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
<div id="step-lost_key" class="step">
<div class="main">
-<h3><em>Important:</em> act swiftly if someone gets your private key</h3>
+<h3><em>IMPORTANT:</em> ACT SWIFTLY if someone gets your private key</h3>
-<p>If you lose your private key or someone else gets ahold
+<p>If you lose your private key or someone else gets a hold
of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's
important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses
it to read your encrypted email or forge your signature. This
</div><!-- End .main -->
</div><!-- End #step-lost_key .step-->
-<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
<div id="webmail-and-GnuPG" class="step">
<div class="main">
</div><!-- End .main -->
</div><!-- End #webmail-and-GnuPG .step-->
-<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
<div id="step-6d" class="step">
<div class="main">
culture to the point that we feel like something is missing when we see an
email address without a public key fingerprint.</p>
-</div>--><!-- End .main
-</div> End #step-6d .step-->
+</div><!-- End .main-->
+</div><!-- End #step-6d .step-->
</div></section><!-- End #section6 -->
<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 7: Next steps ~~~~~~~~~ -->
-<section class="row" id="section6">
+<section class="row" id="section7">
<div id="step-click_here" class="step">
<div class="main">
<h4><a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys"><img
alt="Free Software Foundation"
-src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/fsf-logo.png" /></a></h4>
+src="../static/img/fsf-logo.png" /></a></h4>
-<p>Copyright © 2021 <a
+<p>Copyright © 20
14-2021 <a
href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a
href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>. Please
support our work by <a href="https://u.fsf.org/yr">joining us as an associate
Attribution 4.0 license (or later version)</a>, and the rest of it is under
a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license (or later version)</a>. Download the <a
-href="http://agpl.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/edward/CURRENT/edward.tar.gz">
+href="https://agpl.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/edward/CURRENT/edward.tar.gz">
source code of Edward reply bot</a> by Andrew Engelbrecht
<andrew@engelbrecht.io> and Josh Drake <zamnedix@gnu.org>,
available under the GNU Affero General Public License. <a
-href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OtherLicenses">Why these
+href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OtherLicenses">Why these
licenses?</a></p>
<p>Fonts used in the guide & infographic: <a
href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Dosis">Dosis</a> by Pablo
-Impallari, <a href="http://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Signika">Signika</a>
+Impallari, <a href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Signika">Signika</a>
by Anna Giedryś, <a
-href="http://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Archivo+Narrow">Archivo
+href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Archivo+Narrow">Archivo
Narrow</a> by Omnibus-Type, <a
href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Graphics_Howto#Pitfalls">PXL-2000</a>
by Florian Cramer.</p>
<p>This site uses the Weblabels standard for labeling <a
href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/freejs">free JavaScript</a>. View
-the JavaScript <a href="//weblabels.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/"
+the JavaScript <a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/"
rel="jslicense">source code and license information</a>.</p>
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+src="static/img/jplusplus.png"
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