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   6                         <title>Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG</title>
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  35                                 <h1>Email Self-Defense</h1>
  36                                 <ul class="os">
  37                                         <li><a href="index.html">GNU/Linux</a></li>
  38                                         <li><a href="mac.html">Mac OS</a></li>
  39                                         <li><a href="windows.html" class="current">Windows</a></li>
  40                                         <li class="share"><a href="https://fsf.org/twitter">#EmailSelfDefense</a></li>
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  45                                         <h3><a href="http://u.fsf.org/ys"><img alt="Free Software Foundation" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/fsf-logo.png"></a></h3>
  46                                         <p>Email Self-Defense is a project of the Free Software Foundation. We fight for computer user's rights, and promote the development of free (as in freedom) software like GnuPG, which is used in this guide.</p><p>We have big plans to get this guide in the hands of people under bulk surveillance all over the world, and to make more tools like it. Can you make a donation to help us achieve that goal?</p>
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  63                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Guide Introduction ~~~~~~~~~ -->
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  67                                                         Bulk surveillance violates our fundamental rights and makes free speech risky. This guide will teach you a basic surveillance self-defense skill: email encryption. Once you've finished, you'll be able to send and receive emails that are coded to make sure that a surveillance agent or thief can't intercept your email and read it.</p>
  68
  69 <p>Even if you have nothing to hide, using encryption helps protect the privacy of people you communicate with, and makes life difficult for bulk surveillance systems. If you do have something important to hide, you're in good company; these are the same tools that Edward Snowden used to share his famous secrets about the NSA.</p>
  70
  71                                         <!--<p>You'll also be able to sign emails to show reliably that they are from you. Though the need for signing may be less obvious, you'll actually do it more often.</p>-->
  72
  73                                         <p class="notes">This guide relies on software which is freely licensed; it's completely transparent and anyone can copy it or make their own version. This makes it safer from surveillance than proprietary software (like Windows). To be as safe as possible from surveillance, we recommend you switch to a free software operating system like GNU/Linux. Learn more about free software at <a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">fsf.org</a>.</p>
  74
  75 <p>Let's get started!</p>
  76
  77                                 </div>
  78                         </div>
  79                 </header><!-- End #header -->
  80
  81 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 1: Get the pieces  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
  82                 <section class="row" id="section1">
  83                         <div>
  84                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
  85                                 <div class="section-intro">
  86                                                 <h2><em>#1</em> Get the pieces</h2>
  87                                                 <p>All you need to start is a computer with an Internet connection, an email account and about half an hour. You can use your existing email account for this without affecting it.</p>
  88                         <p>To get started, you'll need a desktop email program installed on your computer. This guide works with free software versions of the Thunderbird email program, and with Thunderbird itself. Email programs are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like GMail), but provide extra features.</p>
  89                         <p>If you are already have one of these, you can skip to <a href="#step-1b">Step 1.b</a>.</p>
  90                                 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
  91
  92                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
  93                                 <div id="step-1a" class="step">
  94                                         <div class="sidebar">
  95                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/step1a-install-wizard.png" alt="Step 1.A: Install Wizard" /></p>
  96                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
  97                                         <div class="main">
  98                                                 <h3><em>Step 1.a</em> Set your email program up with your email account (if it isn't already)</h3>
  99                                                 <p>Open your email program and follow the wizard that sets it up with your email account.</p>
 100
 101                                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 102                                                 <div class="troubleshooting">
 103                                                         <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 104                                                         <dl>
 105                                                                 <dt>What's a wizard?</dt>
 106                                                                         <dd>A wizard is a series of windows that pop up to make it easy to get something done on a computer, like installing a program. You click through it, selecting options as you go.</dd>
 107                                                                 <dt>My email program can't find my account or isn't downloading my mail</dt>
 108                                                                         <dd>Before searching the Web, we recommend you start by asking other people who use your email system, to figure out the correct settings.</dd>
 109                                                                 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 110                                                                         <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback page</a>.</dd>
 111                                                         </dl>
 112                                                 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 113
 114                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 115                                 </div><!-- End #step1-a .step -->
 116
 117 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 118                                 <div id="step-1b" class="step">
 119
 120                                         <div class="main">
 121                                                 <h3><em>Step 1.b</em> Get GnuPG by downloading GPG4Win</h3>
 122                                                 <p>GPG4Win is a software package that includes GnuPG. <a href="http://files.gpg4win.org/gpg4win-2.2.1.exe">Download</a> and install it, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.</p>
 123
 124                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 125                                 </div><!-- End #step1-b .step -->
 126
 127                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 128                                 <div id="step-1c" class="step">
 129                                         <div class="sidebar">
 130                                                 <ul class="images">
 131                                                         <li><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/step1b-01-tools-addons.png" alt="Step 1.B: Tools -> Add-ons" /></li>
 132                                                         <li><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/step1b-02-search.png" alt="Step 1.B: Search Add-ons" /></li>
 133                                                         <li><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/step1b-03-install.png" alt="Step 1.B: Install Add-ons" /></li>
 134                                                 </ul>
 135                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 136                                         <div class="main">
 137                                                 <h3><em>Step 1.c</em> Install the Enigmail plugin for your email program</h3>
 138                                                 <p>In your email program's menu, select Add-ons (it may be in the Tools section). Make sure Extensions is selected on the left. Do you see Enigmail? if so, skip this step.</p>
 139                                                 <p>If not, search "Enigmail" with the search bar in the upper right. You can take it from here. Restart your email program when you're done.</p>
 140                                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 141                                                 <div class="troubleshooting">
 142                                                         <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 143                                                         <dl>
 144                                                                 <dt>I can't find the menu.</dt>
 145                                                                         <dd>In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars.</dd>
 146
 147                                                                 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 148                                                                         <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback page</a>.</dd>
 149                                                         </dl>
 150                                                 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 151                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 152                                 </div><!-- End #step-1c .step -->
 153                         </div>
 154                 </section><!-- End #section1 -->
 155
 156 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 2: Make your keys  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 157                 <section class="row" id="section2">
 158                         <div>
 159                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 160                                 <div class="section-intro">
 161                                         <h2><em>#2</em> Make your keys</h2>
 162                                                 <p>To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked together by a special mathematical function.</p>
 163
 164 <p>Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it, along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the keyserver as phonebook, where people who want to send you an encrypted email look up your public key.</p>
 165
 166 <p>Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key to decode encrypted emails other people send to you.</p>
 167                                 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 168
 169                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 170                                 <div id="step-2a" class="step">
 171                                         <div class="sidebar">
 172                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/step2a-01-make-keypair.png" alt="Step 2.A: Make a Keypair" /></p>
 173                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 174                                         <div class="main">
 175                                                 <h3><em>Step 2.a</em> Make a keypair</h3>
 176                                                 <p>In your email program's menu, select OpenPGP &rarr; Setup Wizard. You don't need to read the text in the window that pops up unless you'd like to, but it's good to read the text on the later screens of the wizard.</p>
 177                                                 <p>On the second screen, titled "Signing," select "No, I want to create per-recipient rules for emails that need to be signed."</p>
 178                                                 <p>Use the default options until you reach the screen titled "Create Key".</p>
 179                                                 <p>On the screen titled "Create Key," pick a strong password! Your password should be at least 12 characters and include at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or punctuation symbol. Don't forget the password, or all this work will be wasted!</p>
 180                                         <p class="notes">The program will take a little while to finish the next step, the "Key Creation" screen. While you wait, do something else with your computer, like watching a movie or browsing the Web. The more you use the computer at this point, the faster the key creation will go.</p>
 181                                                 <p>When the OpenPGP Confirm screen pops up, select Generate Certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer (we recommend making a folder called "Revocation Certificate" in your home folder and keeping it there. You'll learn more about the revocation certificate in <a href="#section5">Section 5</a>. The setup wizard will ask you to move it onto an external device, but that isn't necessary at this moment.</p>
 182                                                 <p class="notes">After creating your key, the Enigmail set-up wizard automatically uploaded it to a keyserver, an online computer that makes everyone's keys available through the Internet.</p>
 183
 184                                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 185                                                 <div class="troubleshooting">
 186                                                         <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 187                                                         <dl>
 188                                                                 <dt>I can't find the OpenPGP menu.</dt>
 189                                                                         <dd>In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars. OpenPGP may be inside a section called Tools.</dd>
 190     <dt>The wizard says that it cannot find GnuPG.</dt>
 191
 192                                          <dd>Open whatever program you usually use for installing  software, and search for GnuPG, then install it. Then restart the  Engimail setup wizard by going to OpenPGP &rarr; Setup Wizard.</dd>
 193     <dt>What does OpenPGP mean?</dt>
 194
 195                                          <dd>OpenPGP is a protocol that GnuPG uses, just like HTTP is a protocol for the Web. It's a slightly confusing name that Enigmail uses for its menus.</dd>
 196                                                                 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 197                                                                         <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback page</a>.</dd>
 198                                                         </dl>
 199                                                 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 200                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 201                                 </div><!-- End #step-2a .step  -->
 202                                 <div id="step-2b" class="step">
 203                                         <div class="main">
 204                                                 <h3><em>Step 2.b</em> Upload your public key to a keyserver</h3>
 205                                                 <p>In your email program's menu, select OpenPGP &rarr; Key Management.</p>
 206 <p>Right click on your key and select Upload Public Keys to Keyserver. Use the default keyserver in the popup.</p>
 207 <p class="notes">Now someone who wants to send you an encrypted message can download your public key from the Internet.</b>
 208                                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 209                                                 <div class="troubleshooting">
 210                                                         <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 211                                                         <dl>
 212                                                                 <dt>The progress bar never finishes</dt>
 213                                                                                 <dd>Close the upload popup, make sure you are on the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, try again, selecting a different keyserver.</dd>
 214 <dt>My key doesnt appear in the list</dt>
 215                                                                                 <dd>Try checking Show Default Keys.</dd>
 216
 217                                                                 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 218                                                                         <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback page</a>.</dd>
 219
 220                                                         </dl>
 221                                                 </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 222
 223
 224
 225                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 226                                 </div><!-- End #step-2a .step  -->
 227
 228                         </div>
 229                 </section><!-- End #section2 -->
 230
 231 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 3: Try it out  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 232                 <section class="row" id="section3">
 233                         <div>
 234                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 235                                 <div class="section-intro">
 236                                                 <h2><em>#3</em> Try it out!</h2>
 237                                                 <p>Now you'll try a test correspondence with a computer program named Adele, which knows how to use encryption.</p>
 238                                 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 239
 240                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 241                                 <div id="step-3a" class="step">
 242                                         <div class="sidebar">
 243                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/section3-try-it-out.png" alt="Try it out." /></p>
 244                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 245                                         <div class="main">
 246                                                 <h3><em>Step 3.a</em> Send Adele your public key</h3>
 247                                                 <p>This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding with real people. In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP &rarr; Key Management. You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click on your key and select Send Public Keys by Email. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the Write button.</p>
 248
 249 <p>Address the message to adele-en@gnupp.de. Put at least one word (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email, then hit send.</p>
 250
 251 <p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Adele to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a href="#section5">Use it Well</a> section of this guide. Once she's responded, head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as when corresponding with a real person.</p>
 252                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 253                                 </div><!-- End #step-3b .step -->
 254
 255                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 256                                 <div id="step-3b" class="step">
 257                                         <div class="main">
 258                                                         <h3><em>Step 3.b</em> Send a test encrypted email</h3>
 259                                                         <p>Write a new email in your email program, addressed to adele-en@gnupp.de. Make the subject "Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body. Don't send it yet.</p>
 260                                                         <p>Click the icon of the key in the bottom right of the composition window (it should turn yellow). This tells Enigmail to encrypt the email with the key you downloaded in the last step.</p>
 261                                                         <p>Click Send. Enigmail will pop up a window that says "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found."</p>
 262
 263                                                         <p>To encrypt and email to Adele, you need her public key, and so now you'll have Enigmail download it from a keyserver. Click Download Missing Keys and use the default in the pop-up that asks you to choose a keyserver. Once it finds keys, check the first one (Key ID starting with 9), then select ok. Select ok in the next pop-up.</p>
 264
 265                                                         <p>Now you are back at the "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found" screen. Select Adele's key from the list and click Ok. If the message doesn't send automatically, you can hit send now.</p>
 266                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 267                                                         <div class="troubleshooting">
 268                                                                 <h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
 269                                                                 <dl>
 270                                                                         <dt>Enigmail can't find Adele's key</dt>
 271                                                                                 <dd>Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked. Make sure you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.</dd>
 272                                                                 <dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
 273                                                                         <dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback page</a>.</dd>
 274                                                                 </dl>
 275                                                         </div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
 276                                                 </div><!-- End .main -->
 277                                         </div><!-- End #step-3b .step -->
 278
 279                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 280                                 <div id="step-headers_unencrypted" class="step">
 281                                         <div class="main">
 282                                                 <h3><em>Important:</em> Subject lines are not encrypted</h3>
 283                                                 <p>Even if you encrypted your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses aren't encrypted either, so they could be read by a surveillance system.</p>
 284                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 285                                 </div><!-- End #step-headers_unencrypted .step-->
 286
 287
 288                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 289                                 <div id="step-3c" class="step">
 290                                         <div class="main">
 291                                                 <h3><em>Step 3.c</em> Receive a response</h3>
 292                                                 <p>When Adele receives your email, she will use her private key to decrypt it, then fetch your public key from a keyserver and use it to encrypt a response to you.</p>
 293                                                 <p class="notes">Since you encrypted this email with Adele's public key, Adele's private key is required to decrypt it. Adele is the only one with her private key, so no one except her &mdash; not even you &mdash; can decrypt it.</p>
 294                                                 <p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Adele to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a href="#section5">Use it Well</a> section of this guide.</p>
 295                                                 <p>When you receive Adele's email and open it, Enigmail will automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and then it will use your private key to decrypt it.</p>
 296                                                 <p>Notice the bar that Enigmail shows you above the message, with information about the status of Adele's key.</p>
 297                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 298                                 </div><!-- End #step-3c .step -->
 299
 300 <!-- STEP 3D IS COMMENTED OUT UNTIL WE FIND A WAY TO VALIDATE SIGNATURES
 301                                 <div id="step-3d" class="step">
 302                                         <div class="main">
 303                                                 <h3><em>Step 3.d</em> Send a test signed email to a friend</h3>
 304                                                 <p>Write a new email in your email program, addressed to a friend. If you want, tell them about this guide!</p>
 305                                                 <p>Before sending the email, click the icon of the pencil in the bottom right of the composition window (it should turn yellow). This tells Enigmail to sign the email with you private key.</p>
 306                                                 <p>After you click send, Enigmail will ask you for your password. It will do this any time it needs to use your public key.</p>
 307                                         </div>
 308                                 </div>-->
 309                         </div>
 310                 </section><!-- End #section3 -->
 311
 312
 313 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 4: Learn the Web of Trust  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 314                 <section class="row" id="section4">
 315                         <div>
 316                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 317                                 <div class="section-intro">
 318                                                 <h2><em>#4</em> Learn the Web of Trust</h2>
 319                                                 <p>Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness; it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it and impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.</p>
 320
 321 <p>When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you trust that it does belong to them and not an impostor. People who use your public key can see the number of signatures it has. Once you've used GnuPG for a long time, you may have hundreds of signatures. The Web of Trust is the constellation of all GnuPG users, connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures, into a giant Web. The more signatures a key has, and the more signatures its signers' keys have, the more trustworthy that key is.</p>
 322
 323 <p>People's public keys are usually identified by their key ID, which is a short string of 8 digits like 92AB3FF7 (for Adele's key). You can see your key ID on the right in OpenPGP &rarr; Key Management in your email program's menu.</p>
 324 <p>It's good practice to share your key ID, so that so that people can double-check that they have the correct key when they download yours from a keyserver. You may also see public keys referred to by their key fingerprint, which is a longer string of digits, like DD878C06E8C2BEDDD4A440D3E573346992AB3FF7. The key ID is just the last 8 digits of the fingerprint</p>
 325
 326                                 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 327
 328                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 329                                 <div id="step-4a" class="step">
 330                                         <div class="sidebar">
 331                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/section4-web-of-trust.png" alt="Section 4: Web of Trust" /></p>
 332                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 333                                         <div class="main">
 334                                                 <h3><em>Step 4.a</em> Sign a key</h3>
 335                                                 <p>In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP &rarr; Key Management.</p>
 336                                                 <p>Right click on Adele's public key and select Sign Key from the context menu.</p>
 337                                                 <p>In the window that pops up, select "I will not answer" and click OK.</p>
 338                                                 <p>In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP &rarr; Key Management &rarr; Keyserver &rarr; Upload Public Keys and hit OK.</p>
 339                                                 <p class="notes">You've just effectively said "I trust that Adele's public key actually belongs to Adele." This doesn't mean much because Adele isn't a real person, but it's good practice.</p>
 340
 341
 342                                                 <!--<div id="pgp-pathfinder">
 343                                                         <form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" action="/mk_path.cgi" method="get">
 344                                                                 <p><strong>From:</strong> <input type="text" placeholder="xD41A008"  name="FROM"></p>
 345                                                                 <p><strong>To:</strong> <input type="text" placeholder="50BD01x4" name="TO"></p>
 346                                                                 <p class="buttons"><input type="submit" value="trust paths" name="PATHS"> <input type="reset" value="reset" name=".reset"></p>
 347                                                         </form>
 348                                                 </div><!-- End #pgp-pathfinder -->
 349
 350                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 351                                 </div><!-- End #step-4a .step -->
 352                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 353                                 <div id="step-sign_real_keys" class="step">
 354                                         <div class="main">
 355                                                 <h3><em>Important:</em> check people's identification before signing their keys</h3>
 356                                                                                                 <p>Before signing a real person's key, always make sure it actually belongs to them, and they are who they say they are. Answer honestly in the window that pops up and asks "How carefully have you verified that the key you are about to sign actually belongs to the person(s) named above?".</p>
 357                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 358                                 </div><!-- End #step-sign_real_keys .step-->
 359
 360
 361
 362                         </div>
 363                 </section><!-- End #section4 -->
 364
 365 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 5: Use it well  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 366                 <section id="section5" class="row">
 367                         <div>
 368                                         <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 369                                 <div class="section-intro">
 370                                                 <h2><em>#5</em> Use it well</h2>
 371 <p>Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own, and damage the Web of Trust.</p>
 372                                 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 373
 374                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 375                                 <div id="step-5a" class="step">
 376                                         <div class="sidebar">
 377                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/section5-01-use-it-well.png" alt="Section 5: Use it Well" /></p>
 378                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 379                                         <div class="main">
 380                                                 <h3>When should I encrypt?</h3>
 381
 382                                                 <p>The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. This is because, if you only encrypt emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people doing surveillance won't know where to start.</p>
 383
 384 <p>That's not to say that only encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it makes bulk surveillance more difficult.</p>
 385
 386                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 387                                 </div><!-- End #step-5a .step -->
 388
 389                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 390                                 <div id="step-5b" class="step">
 391                                         <div class="sidebar">
 392                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/section5-02-use-it-well.png" alt="Section 5: Use it Well" /></p>
 393                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 394                                         <div class="main">
 395                                                 <h3><em>Important:</em> Be wary of invalid keys</h3>
 396                                                 <p>GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.</p>
 397                                                 <p>In your email program, go back to the second email that Adele sent you. Because it was encrypted with her key, it will have a message from OpenPGP at the top, which most likely says "OpenPGP: Part of this message encrypted."</p>
 398 <p><b>When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that bar. The program will warn you there if you get an email encrypted with a key that can't be trusted.</b></p>
 399                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 400                                 </div><!-- End #step-5b .step -->
 401
 402                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 403                                 <div id="step-5c" class="step">
 404                                         <div class="main">
 405                                                 <h3>Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe</h3>
 406                                                 <p>Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation cerfiticate that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that cerfiticate onto the safest digital storage that you have -- the ideal thing is a flash drive, disk or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home.</p>
 407 <p>If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate file.</p>
 408                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 409                                 </div><!-- End #step-5c .step -->
 410
 411                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 412                                 <div id="step-lost_key" class="step">
 413                                         <div class="main">
 414                                                 <h3><em>Important:</em> act swiftly if someone gets your private key</h3>
 415                                                 <p>If you lose your private key or someone else gets ahold of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses it to read your encrypted email. This guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow the <a href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual.html#AEN305">instructions on the GnuPG site</a>. After you're done revoking, send an email to everyone with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know.</p>
 416                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 417                                 </div><!-- End #step-lost_key .step-->
 418
 419                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 420                                 <div id="step-5d" class="step">
 421                                         <div class="main">
 422                                                 <h3>Make your public key part of your online identity</h3>
 423                                                 <p> First add your key ID to your email signature, then compose an email to at least five of your friends, telling them you just set up GnuPG and mentioning your key ID. Link to this guide and ask them to join you. Don't forget that there's also an awesome <a href="infographic.html">infographic to share.</a></p>
 424
 425 <p class="notes">Start writing your key ID anywhere someone would see your email address: your social media profiles, blog, Website, or business card. (At the Free Software Foundation, we put ours on our <a href="https://fsf.org/about/staff">staff page</a>.) We need to get our culture to the point that we feel like something is missing when we see an email address without a public key ID.</p>
 426                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 427                                 </div><!-- End #step-5d .step-->
 428
 429
 430                         </div>
 431                 </section><!-- End #section5 -->
 432
 433 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 6: Next steps  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 434                 <section class="row" id="section6">
 435                         <div>
 436                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section title + graphics  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 437                                 <div class="section-intro">
 438                                                 <h2><em>#6</em> Next steps</h2>
 439 <p>You've now completed the basics of email encryption with GnuPG, taking action against bulk surveillance. A pat on the back to you! Want to do more to secure privacy for yourself and the people you communicate with?</p>
 440                                 </div><!-- End .section-intro -->
 441
 442                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 443                                 <div id="step-keysigning_party" class="step">
 444                                         <div class="sidebar">
 445                                                 <p><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/screenshots/section6-next-steps.png" alt="Section 6: Next Steps" /></p>
 446                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 447                                         <div class="main">
 448                                                 <h3>Go to a keysigning party</h3>
 449                                                 <p>Keysigning parties are social events designed to build the Web of Trust. Participants match each others' photo IDs and key IDs, and then get out their laptops and sign each other's public keys. They're a great way to meet likeminded people and learn about new privacy tools, as well as build up people's trust in your key. Look for keysignings at tech events, hackerspaces and nerdy parties.</p>
 450                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 451                                 </div><!-- End #keysigning_party .step -->
 452                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 453                 <div id="step-gnulinux" class="step">
 454                     <div class="main">
 455                         <h3>Switch to GNU/Linux for maximum safety</h3>
 456                         <p>Mac OS is a nonfree operating system, which means that no one but Apple gets to see the code it runs on. This makes running Mac OS risky for your privacy -- there's no way to know if it's spying on you.</p><p>To push back hard against surveillance, we recommend you switch to a free software operating system like GNU/Linux. Free operating systems are completely transparent, so anyone can find and remove dangerous code. Learn more about free software at <a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">fsf.org</a>.</p>
 457                     </div><!-- End .main -->
 458                 </div><!-- End #step-gnulinux .step -->
 459 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 460                                 <div id="step-political" class="step">
 461                                         <div class="main">
 462                                                 <h3>Work for political change</h3>
 463                                                 <p>Encrypting our email is a powerful direct action, but to change the system, we also have to go to the root. One of the key things needed is <a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">reducing the amount of data collected about us in the first place</a>.</p><p>To learn more and participate in efforts for change, join the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/subscribe">Free Software Foundation's mailing list.</a></p>
 464
 465                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 466                                 </div><!-- End #step-political .step -->
 467
 468
 469                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 470                                 <div id="step-more_technologies" class="step">
 471
 472
 473 <div class="sidebar">
 474                                                 <p><a id="infographic" href="infographic.html"><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/infographic-button.png" alt="View &amp; share our infographic &rarr;" /></a></p>
 475                                         </div><!-- /.sidebar -->
 476 <div class="main">
 477
 478
 479                         <h3>Protect more of your digital life</h3>
 480
 481                                                 <p>Learn surveillance-resistant technologies for instant messages, hard drive storage, online sharing and more at <a href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Collection:Privacy_pack"> the Free Software Directory's Privacy Pack</a> and <a href="https://prism-break.org">prism-break.org</a>.</p>
 482                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 483                                 </div><!-- End #step-more_technologies .step -->
 484
 485                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 486                                 <div id="step-better" class="step">
 487                                         <div class="main">
 488                                                 <h3>Make Email Self-Defense tools even better</h3>
 489 <p><a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">Leave feedback and suggest improvements to this guide</a>, or email us at <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a> if you'd like to help maintain or translate it.</p>
 490
 491                                                 <p>If you like programming, you can contribute code to <a href="https://www.gnupg.org/">GnuPG</a> or <a href="https://www.enigmail.net/home/index.php">Enigmail</a>.</p>
 492
 493 <p>If you can't do any of these, please donate to the Free Software Foundation so we can get Email Self-Defense into the hands of as many people as possible, and make more tools like it.</a></p>
 494 <p><a href="https://u.fsf.org/7w"><img alt="Donate" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/donate.en.png"></a></p>
 495
 496                                         </div><!-- End .main -->
 497                                 </div><!-- End #step-better .step -->
 498
 499                                 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step  ~~~~~~~~~ --
 500                                 <div id="step-learn_more" class="step">
 501                                         <div class="main">
 502                                                 <h3>Learn more about GnuPG</h3>
 503                                                 <p>There are a lot more features of GnuPG to discover, including encrypting files on your computer. There are a variety of resources accessible via Google, but we recommend starting with the links on the <a href="https://www.gnupg.org/documentation/">GnuPG Web site</a>.</p>
 504                                         </div><!-- End .main --
 505                                 </div><!-- End #step-learn_more .step -->
 506
 507
 508                         </div>
 509                 </section><!-- End #section6 -->
 510
 511 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ FAQ  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 512 <!-- When un-commenting this section go to main.css and search
 513                 for /* Guide Sections Background */ then add #faq to the desired color
 514
 515                 <section class="row" id="faq">
 516                         <div>
 517                                 <div class="sidebar">
 518                                         <h2>FAQ</h2>
 519                                 </div>
 520
 521                                 <div class="main">
 522                                         <dl>
 523                                                 <dt>My key expired</dt>
 524                                                         <dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
 525
 526                                                 <dt>Who can read encrypted messages? Who can read signed ones?</dt>
 527                                                         <dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
 528
 529                                                 <dt>My email program is opening at times I don't want it to open/is now my default program and I don't want it to be.</dt>
 530                                                         <dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
 531                                         </dl>
 532                                 </div>
 533                         </div>
 534                 </section> --><!-- End #faq -->
 535
 536 <!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Footer  ~~~~~~~~~ -->
 537                 <footer class="row" id="footer">
 538                         <div>
 539                                 <div id="copyright">
 540                                         <h4><a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys"><img alt="Free Software Foundation" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/fsf-logo.png"></a></h4>
 541                                         <p>Copyright &copy; 2014 <a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>. <a href="https://u.fsf.org/yr">Join.</a></p>
 542                                         <p>The images on this page are under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (or later version)</a>, and the rest of it is under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license (or later version)</a>. &mdash; <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OtherLicenses">Why these licenses?</a></p>
 543                                         <p>Fonts used in the guide &amp; infographic: <a href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Dosis">Dosis</a> by Pablo Impallari, <a href="http://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Signika">Signika</a> by Anna Giedry&#347; <a href="http://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Archivo+Narrow">Archivo Narrow</a> by Omnibus-Type, <a href="http://www.thegopherarchive.com/gopher-files-hacks-pxl2000-119351.htm">PXL-2000</a> by Florian Cramer.</p>
 544                                 </div><!-- /#copyright -->
 545                                 <p class="credits">
 546                                         Infographic and guide design by <a rel="external" href="http://jplusplus.org"><strong>Journalism++</strong> <img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/enc-dev0/img/jplusplus.png" alt="Journalism++" /></a>
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