[mediagoblin.git] / mediagoblin / db / models.py

# GNU MediaGoblin -- federated, autonomous media hosting
# Copyright (C) 2011, 2012 MediaGoblin contributors.  See AUTHORS.
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

"""
TODO: indexes on foreignkeys, where useful.
"""

from __future__ import print_function

import logging
import datetime

from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, Unicode, UnicodeText, DateTime, \
        Boolean, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, PrimaryKeyConstraint, \
        SmallInteger, Date, types
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, backref, with_polymorphic, validates, \
        class_mapper
from sqlalchemy.orm.collections import attribute_mapped_collection
from sqlalchemy.sql import and_
from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import desc
from sqlalchemy.ext.associationproxy import association_proxy
from sqlalchemy.util import memoized_property

from mediagoblin.db.extratypes import (PathTupleWithSlashes, JSONEncoded,
                                       MutationDict)
from mediagoblin.db.base import Base, DictReadAttrProxy, FakeCursor
from mediagoblin.db.mixin import UserMixin, MediaEntryMixin, \
        CollectionMixin, CollectionItemMixin, ActivityMixin, TextCommentMixin, \
        CommentingMixin
from mediagoblin.tools.files import delete_media_files
from mediagoblin.tools.common import import_component
from mediagoblin.tools.routing import extract_url_arguments

import six
from six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin
from pytz import UTC

_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class GenericModelReference(Base):
    """
    Represents a relationship to any model that is defined with a integer pk
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__generic_model_reference"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    obj_pk = Column(Integer, nullable=False)

    # This will be the tablename of the model
    model_type = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)

    # Constrain it so obj_pk and model_type have to be unique
    # They should be this order as the index is generated, "model_type" will be
    # the major order as it's put first.
    __table_args__ = (
        UniqueConstraint("model_type", "obj_pk"),
        {})

    def get_object(self):
        # This can happen if it's yet to be saved
        if self.model_type is None or self.obj_pk is None:
            return None

        model = self._get_model_from_type(self.model_type)
        return model.query.filter_by(id=self.obj_pk).first()

    def set_object(self, obj):
        model = obj.__class__

        # Check we've been given a object
        if not issubclass(model, Base):
            raise ValueError("Only models can be set as using the GMR")

        # Check that the model has an explicit __tablename__ declaration
        if getattr(model, "__tablename__", None) is None:
            raise ValueError("Models must have __tablename__ attribute")

        # Check that it's not a composite primary key
        primary_keys = [key.name for key in class_mapper(model).primary_key]
        if len(primary_keys) > 1:
            raise ValueError("Models can not have composite primary keys")

        # Check that the field on the model is a an integer field
        pk_column = getattr(model, primary_keys[0])
        if not isinstance(pk_column.type, Integer):
            raise ValueError("Only models with integer pks can be set")

        if getattr(obj, pk_column.key) is None:
            obj.save(commit=False)

        self.obj_pk = getattr(obj, pk_column.key)
        self.model_type = obj.__tablename__

    def _get_model_from_type(self, model_type):
        """ Gets a model from a tablename (model type) """
        if getattr(type(self), "_TYPE_MAP", None) is None:
            # We want to build on the class (not the instance) a map of all the
            # models by the table name (type) for easy lookup, this is done on
            # the class so it can be shared between all instances

            # to prevent circular imports do import here
            registry = dict(Base._decl_class_registry).values()
            self._TYPE_MAP = dict(
                ((m.__tablename__, m) for m in registry if hasattr(m, "__tablename__"))
            )
            setattr(type(self), "_TYPE_MAP",  self._TYPE_MAP)

        return self.__class__._TYPE_MAP[model_type]

    @classmethod
    def find_for_obj(cls, obj):
        """ Finds a GMR for an object or returns None """
        # Is there one for this already.
        model = type(obj)
        pk = getattr(obj, "id")

        gmr = cls.query.filter_by(
            obj_pk=pk,
            model_type=model.__tablename__
        )

        return gmr.first()

    @classmethod
    def find_or_new(cls, obj):
        """ Finds an existing GMR or creates a new one for the object """
        gmr = cls.find_for_obj(obj)

        # If there isn't one already create one
        if gmr is None:
            gmr = cls(
                obj_pk=obj.id,
                model_type=type(obj).__tablename__
            )

        return gmr

class Location(Base):
    """ Represents a physical location """
    __tablename__ = "core__locations"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(Unicode)

    # GPS coordinates
    position = Column(MutationDict.as_mutable(JSONEncoded))
    address = Column(MutationDict.as_mutable(JSONEncoded))

    @classmethod
    def create(cls, data, obj):
        location = cls()
        location.unserialize(data)
        location.save()
        obj.location = location.id
        return location

    def serialize(self, request):
        location = {"objectType": "place"}

        if self.name is not None:
            location["displayName"] = self.name

        if self.position:
            location["position"] = self.position

        if self.address:
            location["address"] = self.address

        return location

    def unserialize(self, data):
        if "displayName" in data:
            self.name = data["displayName"]

        self.position = {}
        self.address = {}

        # nicer way to do this?
        if "position" in data:
            # TODO: deal with ISO 9709 formatted string as position
            if "altitude" in data["position"]:
                self.position["altitude"] = data["position"]["altitude"]

            if "direction" in data["position"]:
                self.position["direction"] = data["position"]["direction"]

            if "longitude" in data["position"]:
                self.position["longitude"] = data["position"]["longitude"]

            if "latitude" in data["position"]:
                self.position["latitude"] = data["position"]["latitude"]

        if "address" in data:
            if "formatted" in data["address"]:
                self.address["formatted"] = data["address"]["formatted"]

            if "streetAddress" in data["address"]:
                self.address["streetAddress"] = data["address"]["streetAddress"]

            if "locality" in data["address"]:
                self.address["locality"] = data["address"]["locality"]

            if "region" in data["address"]:
                self.address["region"] = data["address"]["region"]

            if "postalCode" in data["address"]:
                self.address["postalCode"] = data["addresss"]["postalCode"]

            if "country" in data["address"]:
                self.address["country"] = data["address"]["country"]

class User(Base, UserMixin):
    """
    Base user that is common amongst LocalUser and RemoteUser.

    This holds all the fields which are common between both the Local and Remote
    user models.

    NB: ForeignKeys should reference this User model and NOT the LocalUser or
        RemoteUser models.
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__users"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    url = Column(Unicode)
    bio = Column(UnicodeText)
    name = Column(Unicode)

    # This is required for the polymorphic inheritance
    type = Column(Unicode)

    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    updated = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)

    location = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("core__locations.id"))

    # Lazy getters
    get_location = relationship("Location", lazy="joined")

    __mapper_args__ = {
        'polymorphic_identity': 'user',
        'polymorphic_on': type,
    }

    deletion_mode = Base.SOFT_DELETE

    def soft_delete(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Find all the Collections and delete those
        for collection in Collection.query.filter_by(actor=self.id):
            collection.delete(**kwargs)

        # Find all the comments and delete those too
        for comment in TextComment.query.filter_by(actor=self.id):
            comment.delete(**kwargs)

        # Find all the activities and delete those too
        for activity in Activity.query.filter_by(actor=self.id):
            activity.delete(**kwargs)

        super(User, self).soft_delete(*args, **kwargs)


    def delete(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Deletes a User and all related entries/comments/files/..."""
        # Collections get deleted by relationships.

        media_entries = MediaEntry.query.filter(MediaEntry.actor == self.id)
        for media in media_entries:
            # TODO: Make sure that "MediaEntry.delete()" also deletes
            # all related files/Comments
            media.delete(del_orphan_tags=False, commit=False)

        # Delete now unused tags
        # TODO: import here due to cyclic imports!!! This cries for refactoring
        from mediagoblin.db.util import clean_orphan_tags
        clean_orphan_tags(commit=False)

        # Delete user, pass through commit=False/True in kwargs
        username = self.username
        super(User, self).delete(*args, **kwargs)
        _log.info('Deleted user "{0}" account'.format(username))

    def has_privilege(self, privilege, allow_admin=True):
        """
        This method checks to make sure a user has all the correct privileges
        to access a piece of content.

        :param  privilege       A unicode object which represent the different
                                privileges which may give the user access to
                                content.

        :param  allow_admin     If this is set to True the then if the user is
                                an admin, then this will always return True
                                even if the user hasn't been given the
                                privilege. (defaults to True)
        """
        priv = Privilege.query.filter_by(privilege_name=privilege).one()
        if priv in self.all_privileges:
            return True
        elif allow_admin and self.has_privilege(u'admin', allow_admin=False):
            return True

        return False

    def is_banned(self):
        """
        Checks if this user is banned.

            :returns                True if self is banned
            :returns                False if self is not
        """
        return UserBan.query.get(self.id) is not None

    def serialize(self, request):
        published = UTC.localize(self.created)
        updated = UTC.localize(self.updated)
        user = {
            "published": published.isoformat(),
            "updated": updated.isoformat(),
            "objectType": self.object_type,
            "pump_io": {
                "shared": False,
                "followed": False,
            },
        }

        if self.bio:
            user.update({"summary": self.bio})
        if self.url:
            user.update({"url": self.url})
        if self.location:
            user.update({"location": self.get_location.serialize(request)})

        return user

    def unserialize(self, data):
        if "summary" in data:
            self.bio = data["summary"]

        if "location" in data:
            Location.create(data, self)

class LocalUser(User):
    """ This represents a user registered on this instance """
    __tablename__ = "core__local_users"

    id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("core__users.id"), primary_key=True)
    username = Column(Unicode, nullable=False, unique=True)
    # Note: no db uniqueness constraint on email because it's not
    # reliable (many email systems case insensitive despite against
    # the RFC) and because it would be a mess to implement at this
    # point.
    email = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    pw_hash = Column(Unicode)

    # Intented to be nullable=False, but migrations would not work for it
    # set to nullable=True implicitly.
    wants_comment_notification = Column(Boolean, default=True)
    wants_notifications = Column(Boolean, default=True)
    license_preference = Column(Unicode)
    uploaded = Column(Integer, default=0)
    upload_limit = Column(Integer)

    __mapper_args__ = {
        "polymorphic_identity": "user_local",
    }

    ## TODO
    # plugin data would be in a separate model

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<{0} #{1} {2} {3} "{4}">'.format(
                self.__class__.__name__,
                self.id,
                'verified' if self.has_privilege(u'active') else 'non-verified',
                'admin' if self.has_privilege(u'admin') else 'user',
                self.username)

    def get_public_id(self, host):
        return "acct:{0}@{1}".format(self.username, host)

    def serialize(self, request):
        user = {
            "id": self.get_public_id(request.host),
            "preferredUsername": self.username,
            "displayName": self.get_public_id(request.host).split(":", 1)[1],
            "links": {
                "self": {
                    "href": request.urlgen(
                            "mediagoblin.api.user.profile",
                             username=self.username,
                             qualified=True
                             ),
                },
                "activity-inbox": {
                    "href": request.urlgen(
                            "mediagoblin.api.inbox",
                            username=self.username,
                            qualified=True
                            )
                },
                "activity-outbox": {
                    "href": request.urlgen(
                            "mediagoblin.api.feed",
                            username=self.username,
                            qualified=True
                            )
                },
            },
        }

        user.update(super(LocalUser, self).serialize(request))
        return user

class RemoteUser(User):
    """ User that is on another (remote) instance """
    __tablename__ = "core__remote_users"

    id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("core__users.id"), primary_key=True)
    webfinger = Column(Unicode, unique=True)

    __mapper_args__ = {
        'polymorphic_identity': 'user_remote'
    }

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<{0} #{1} {2}>".format(
            self.__class__.__name__,
            self.id,
            self.webfinger
        )


class Client(Base):
    """
        Model representing a client - Used for API Auth
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__clients"

    id = Column(Unicode, nullable=True, primary_key=True)
    secret = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    expirey = Column(DateTime, nullable=True)
    application_type = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    updated = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)

    # optional stuff
    redirect_uri = Column(JSONEncoded, nullable=True)
    logo_url = Column(Unicode, nullable=True)
    application_name = Column(Unicode, nullable=True)
    contacts = Column(JSONEncoded, nullable=True)

    def __repr__(self):
        if self.application_name:
            return "<Client {0} - {1}>".format(self.application_name, self.id)
        else:
            return "<Client {0}>".format(self.id)

class RequestToken(Base):
    """
        Model for representing the request tokens
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__request_tokens"

    token = Column(Unicode, primary_key=True)
    secret = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    client = Column(Unicode, ForeignKey(Client.id))
    actor = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(User.id), nullable=True)
    used = Column(Boolean, default=False)
    authenticated = Column(Boolean, default=False)
    verifier = Column(Unicode, nullable=True)
    callback = Column(Unicode, nullable=False, default=u"oob")
    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    updated = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)

    get_client = relationship(Client)

class AccessToken(Base):
    """
        Model for representing the access tokens
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__access_tokens"

    token = Column(Unicode, nullable=False, primary_key=True)
    secret = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    actor = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(User.id))
    request_token = Column(Unicode, ForeignKey(RequestToken.token))
    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    updated = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)

    get_requesttoken = relationship(RequestToken)


class NonceTimestamp(Base):
    """
        A place the timestamp and nonce can be stored - this is for OAuth1
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__nonce_timestamps"

    nonce = Column(Unicode, nullable=False, primary_key=True)
    timestamp = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, primary_key=True)

class MediaEntry(Base, MediaEntryMixin, CommentingMixin):
    """
    TODO: Consider fetching the media_files using join
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__media_entries"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    public_id = Column(Unicode, unique=True, nullable=True)
    remote = Column(Boolean, default=False)

    actor = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(User.id), nullable=False, index=True)
    title = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    slug = Column(Unicode)
    description = Column(UnicodeText) # ??
    media_type = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    state = Column(Unicode, default=u'unprocessed', nullable=False)
        # or use sqlalchemy.types.Enum?
    license = Column(Unicode)
    file_size = Column(Integer, default=0)
    location = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("core__locations.id"))
    get_location = relationship("Location", lazy="joined")

    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow,
        index=True)
    updated = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)

    fail_error = Column(Unicode)
    fail_metadata = Column(JSONEncoded)

    transcoding_progress = Column(SmallInteger)

    queued_media_file = Column(PathTupleWithSlashes)

    queued_task_id = Column(Unicode)

    __table_args__ = (
        UniqueConstraint('actor', 'slug'),
        {})

    deletion_mode = Base.SOFT_DELETE

    get_actor = relationship(User)

    media_files_helper = relationship("MediaFile",
        collection_class=attribute_mapped_collection("name"),
        cascade="all, delete-orphan"
        )
    media_files = association_proxy('media_files_helper', 'file_path',
        creator=lambda k, v: MediaFile(name=k, file_path=v)
        )

    attachment_files_helper = relationship("MediaAttachmentFile",
        cascade="all, delete-orphan",
        order_by="MediaAttachmentFile.created"
        )
    attachment_files = association_proxy("attachment_files_helper", "dict_view",
        creator=lambda v: MediaAttachmentFile(
            name=v["name"], filepath=v["filepath"])
        )

    tags_helper = relationship("MediaTag",
        cascade="all, delete-orphan" # should be automatically deleted
        )
    tags = association_proxy("tags_helper", "dict_view",
        creator=lambda v: MediaTag(name=v["name"], slug=v["slug"])
        )

    media_metadata = Column(MutationDict.as_mutable(JSONEncoded),
        default=MutationDict())

    ## TODO
    # fail_error

    @property
    def get_uploader(self):
        # for compatibility
        return self.get_actor

    @property
    def uploader(self):
        # for compatibility
        return self.actor

    @property
    def collections(self):
        """ Get any collections that this MediaEntry is in """
        return list(Collection.query.join(Collection.collection_items).join(
            CollectionItem.object_helper
        ).filter(
            and_(
                GenericModelReference.model_type == self.__tablename__,
                GenericModelReference.obj_pk == self.id
            )
        ))

    def get_comments(self, ascending=False):
        query = Comment.query.join(Comment.target_helper).filter(and_(
            GenericModelReference.obj_pk == self.id,
            GenericModelReference.model_type == self.__tablename__
        ))

        if ascending:
            query = query.order_by(Comment.added.asc())
        else:
            query = query.order_by(Comment.added.desc())

        return query

    def url_to_prev(self, urlgen):
        """get the next 'newer' entry by this user"""
        media = MediaEntry.query.filter(
            (MediaEntry.actor == self.actor)
            & (MediaEntry.state == u'processed')
            & (MediaEntry.id > self.id)).order_by(MediaEntry.id).first()

        if media is not None:
            return media.url_for_self(urlgen)

    def url_to_next(self, urlgen):
        """get the next 'older' entry by this user"""
        media = MediaEntry.query.filter(
            (MediaEntry.actor == self.actor)
            & (MediaEntry.state == u'processed')
            & (MediaEntry.id < self.id)).order_by(desc(MediaEntry.id)).first()

        if media is not None:
            return media.url_for_self(urlgen)

    def get_file_metadata(self, file_key, metadata_key=None):
        """
        Return the file_metadata dict of a MediaFile. If metadata_key is given,
        return the value of the key.
        """
        media_file = MediaFile.query.filter_by(media_entry=self.id,
                                               name=six.text_type(file_key)).first()

        if media_file:
            if metadata_key:
                return media_file.file_metadata.get(metadata_key, None)

            return media_file.file_metadata

    def set_file_metadata(self, file_key, **kwargs):
        """
        Update the file_metadata of a MediaFile.
        """
        media_file = MediaFile.query.filter_by(media_entry=self.id,
                                               name=six.text_type(file_key)).first()

        file_metadata = media_file.file_metadata or {}

        for key, value in six.iteritems(kwargs):
            file_metadata[key] = value

        media_file.file_metadata = file_metadata
        media_file.save()

    @property
    def media_data(self):
        return getattr(self, self.media_data_ref)

    def media_data_init(self, **kwargs):
        """
        Initialize or update the contents of a media entry's media_data row
        """
        media_data = self.media_data

        if media_data is None:
            # Get the correct table:
            table = import_component(self.media_type + '.models:DATA_MODEL')
            # No media data, so actually add a new one
            media_data = table(**kwargs)
            # Get the relationship set up.
            media_data.get_media_entry = self
        else:
            # Update old media data
            for field, value in six.iteritems(kwargs):
                setattr(media_data, field, value)

    @memoized_property
    def media_data_ref(self):
        return import_component(self.media_type + '.models:BACKREF_NAME')

    def __repr__(self):
        if six.PY2:
            # obj.__repr__() should return a str on Python 2
            safe_title = self.title.encode('utf-8', 'replace')
        else:
            safe_title = self.title

        return '<{classname} {id}: {title}>'.format(
                classname=self.__class__.__name__,
                id=self.id,
                title=safe_title)

    def soft_delete(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Find all of the media comments for this and delete them
        for comment in self.get_comments():
            comment.delete(*args, **kwargs)

        super(MediaEntry, self).soft_delete(*args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, del_orphan_tags=True, **kwargs):
        """Delete MediaEntry and all related files/attachments/comments

        This will *not* automatically delete unused collections, which
        can remain empty...

        :param del_orphan_tags: True/false if we delete unused Tags too
        :param commit: True/False if this should end the db transaction"""
        # User's CollectionItems are automatically deleted via "cascade".
        # Comments on this Media are deleted by cascade, hopefully.

        # Delete all related files/attachments
        try:
            delete_media_files(self)
        except OSError as error:
            # Returns list of files we failed to delete
            _log.error('No such files from the user "{1}" to delete: '
                       '{0}'.format(str(error), self.get_actor))
        _log.info('Deleted Media entry id "{0}"'.format(self.id))
        # Related MediaTag's are automatically cleaned, but we might
        # want to clean out unused Tag's too.
        if del_orphan_tags:
            # TODO: Import here due to cyclic imports!!!
            #       This cries for refactoring
            from mediagoblin.db.util import clean_orphan_tags
            clean_orphan_tags(commit=False)
        # pass through commit=False/True in kwargs
        super(MediaEntry, self).delete(**kwargs)

    def serialize(self, request, show_comments=True):
        """ Unserialize MediaEntry to object """
        author = self.get_actor
        published = UTC.localize(self.created)
        updated = UTC.localize(self.updated)
        public_id = self.get_public_id(request.urlgen)
        context = {
            "id": public_id,
            "author": author.serialize(request),
            "objectType": self.object_type,
            "url": self.url_for_self(request.urlgen, qualified=True),
            "image": {
                "url": urljoin(request.host_url, self.thumb_url),
            },
            "fullImage":{
                "url": urljoin(request.host_url, self.original_url),
            },
            "published": published.isoformat(),
            "updated": updated.isoformat(),
            "pump_io": {
                "shared": False,
            },
            "links": {
                "self": {
                    "href": public_id,
                },

            }
        }

        if self.title:
            context["displayName"] = self.title

        if self.description:
            context["content"] = self.description

        if self.license:
            context["license"] = self.license

        if self.location:
            context["location"] = self.get_location.serialize(request)

        if show_comments:
            comments = [
                l.comment().serialize(request) for l in self.get_comments()]
            total = len(comments)
            context["replies"] = {
                "totalItems": total,
                "items": comments,
                "url": request.urlgen(
                        "mediagoblin.api.object.comments",
                        object_type=self.object_type,
                        id=self.id,
                        qualified=True
                        ),
            }

        # Add image height and width if possible. We didn't use to store this
        # data and we're not able (and maybe not willing) to re-process all
        # images so it's possible this might not exist.
        if self.get_file_metadata("thumb", "height"):
            height = self.get_file_metadata("thumb", "height")
            context["image"]["height"] = height
        if self.get_file_metadata("thumb", "width"):
            width = self.get_file_metadata("thumb", "width")
            context["image"]["width"] = width
        if self.get_file_metadata("original", "height"):
            height = self.get_file_metadata("original", "height")
            context["fullImage"]["height"] = height
        if self.get_file_metadata("original", "height"):
            width = self.get_file_metadata("original", "width")
            context["fullImage"]["width"] = width

        return context

    def unserialize(self, data):
        """ Takes API objects and unserializes on existing MediaEntry """
        if "displayName" in data:
            self.title = data["displayName"]

        if "content" in data:
            self.description = data["content"]

        if "license" in data:
            self.license = data["license"]

        if "location" in data:
            License.create(data["location"], self)

        return True

class FileKeynames(Base):
    """
    keywords for various places.
    currently the MediaFile keys
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__file_keynames"
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(Unicode, unique=True)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<FileKeyname %r: %r>" % (self.id, self.name)

    @classmethod
    def find_or_new(cls, name):
        t = cls.query.filter_by(name=name).first()
        if t is not None:
            return t
        return cls(name=name)


class MediaFile(Base):
    """
    TODO: Highly consider moving "name" into a new table.
    TODO: Consider preloading said table in software
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__mediafiles"

    media_entry = Column(
        Integer, ForeignKey(MediaEntry.id),
        nullable=False)
    name_id = Column(SmallInteger, ForeignKey(FileKeynames.id), nullable=False)
    file_path = Column(PathTupleWithSlashes)
    file_metadata = Column(MutationDict.as_mutable(JSONEncoded))

    __table_args__ = (
        PrimaryKeyConstraint('media_entry', 'name_id'),
        {})

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<MediaFile %s: %r>" % (self.name, self.file_path)

    name_helper = relationship(FileKeynames, lazy="joined", innerjoin=True)
    name = association_proxy('name_helper', 'name',
        creator=FileKeynames.find_or_new
        )


class MediaAttachmentFile(Base):
    __tablename__ = "core__attachment_files"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    media_entry = Column(
        Integer, ForeignKey(MediaEntry.id),
        nullable=False)
    name = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    filepath = Column(PathTupleWithSlashes)
    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)

    @property
    def dict_view(self):
        """A dict like view on this object"""
        return DictReadAttrProxy(self)


class Tag(Base):
    __tablename__ = "core__tags"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    slug = Column(Unicode, nullable=False, unique=True)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Tag %r: %r>" % (self.id, self.slug)

    @classmethod
    def find_or_new(cls, slug):
        t = cls.query.filter_by(slug=slug).first()
        if t is not None:
            return t
        return cls(slug=slug)


class MediaTag(Base):
    __tablename__ = "core__media_tags"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    media_entry = Column(
        Integer, ForeignKey(MediaEntry.id),
        nullable=False, index=True)
    tag = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(Tag.id), nullable=False, index=True)
    name = Column(Unicode)
    # created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)

    __table_args__ = (
        UniqueConstraint('tag', 'media_entry'),
        {})

    tag_helper = relationship(Tag)
    slug = association_proxy('tag_helper', 'slug',
        creator=Tag.find_or_new
        )

    def __init__(self, name=None, slug=None):
        Base.__init__(self)
        if name is not None:
            self.name = name
        if slug is not None:
            self.tag_helper = Tag.find_or_new(slug)

    @property
    def dict_view(self):
        """A dict like view on this object"""
        return DictReadAttrProxy(self)

class Comment(Base):
    """
    Link table between a response and another object that can have replies.

    This acts as a link table between an object and the comments on it, it's
    done like this so that you can look up all the comments without knowing
    whhich comments are on an object before hand. Any object can be a comment
    and more or less any object can accept comments too.

    Important: This is NOT the old MediaComment table.
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__comment_links"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

    # The GMR to the object the comment is on.
    target_id = Column(
        Integer,
        ForeignKey(GenericModelReference.id),
        nullable=False
    )
    target_helper = relationship(
        GenericModelReference,
        foreign_keys=[target_id]
    )
    target = association_proxy("target_helper", "get_object",
                                creator=GenericModelReference.find_or_new)

    # The comment object
    comment_id = Column(
        Integer,
        ForeignKey(GenericModelReference.id),
        nullable=False
    )
    comment_helper = relationship(
        GenericModelReference,
        foreign_keys=[comment_id]
    )
    comment = association_proxy("comment_helper", "get_object",
                                creator=GenericModelReference.find_or_new)

    # When it was added
    added = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)

    @property
    def get_author(self):
        # for compatibility
        return self.comment().get_actor  # noqa

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        if attr.startswith('_'):
            # if attr starts with '_', then it's probably some internal
            # sqlalchemy variable. Since __getattr__ is called when
            # non-existing attributes are being accessed, we should not try to
            # fetch it from self.comment()
            raise AttributeError
        try:
            _log.debug('Old attr is being accessed: {0}'.format(attr))
            return getattr(self.comment(), attr)  # noqa
        except Exception as e:
            _log.error(e)
            raise

class TextComment(Base, TextCommentMixin, CommentingMixin):
    """
    A basic text comment, this is a usually short amount of text and nothing else
    """
    # This is a legacy from when Comments where just on MediaEntry objects.
    __tablename__ = "core__media_comments"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    public_id = Column(Unicode, unique=True)
    actor = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(User.id), nullable=False)
    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    updated = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    content = Column(UnicodeText, nullable=False)
    location = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("core__locations.id"))
    get_location = relationship("Location", lazy="joined")

    # Cascade: Comments are owned by their creator. So do the full thing.
    # lazy=dynamic: People might post a *lot* of comments,
    #     so make the "posted_comments" a query-like thing.
    get_actor = relationship(User,
                              backref=backref("posted_comments",
                                              lazy="dynamic",
                                              cascade="all, delete-orphan"))
    deletion_mode = Base.SOFT_DELETE

    def serialize(self, request):
        """ Unserialize to python dictionary for API """
        target = self.get_reply_to()
        # If this is target just.. give them nothing?
        if target is None:
            target = {}
        else:
            target = target.serialize(request, show_comments=False)


        author = self.get_actor
        published = UTC.localize(self.created)
        context = {
            "id": self.get_public_id(request.urlgen),
            "objectType": self.object_type,
            "content": self.content,
            "inReplyTo": target,
            "author": author.serialize(request),
            "published": published.isoformat(),
            "updated": published.isoformat(),
        }

        if self.location:
            context["location"] = self.get_location.seralize(request)

        return context

    def unserialize(self, data, request):
        """ Takes API objects and unserializes on existing comment """
        if "content" in data:
            self.content = data["content"]

        if "location" in data:
            Location.create(data["location"], self)


        # Handle changing the reply ID
        if "inReplyTo" in data:
            # Validate that the ID is correct
            try:
                id = extract_url_arguments(
                    url=data["inReplyTo"]["id"],
                    urlmap=request.app.url_map
                )["id"]
            except ValueError:
                raise False

            public_id = request.urlgen(
                "mediagoblin.api.object",
                id=id,
                object_type=data["inReplyTo"]["objectType"],
                qualified=True
            )

            media = MediaEntry.query.filter_by(public_id=public_id).first()
            if media is None:
                return False

            # We need an ID for this model.
            self.save(commit=False)

            # Create the link
            link = Comment()
            link.target = media
            link.comment = self
            link.save()

        return True

class Collection(Base, CollectionMixin, CommentingMixin):
    """A representation of a collection of objects.

    This holds a group/collection of objects that could be a user defined album
    or their inbox, outbox, followers, etc. These are always ordered and accessable
    via the API and web.

    The collection has a number of types which determine what kind of collection
    it is, for example the users inbox will be of `Collection.INBOX_TYPE` that will
    be stored on the `Collection.type` field. It's important to set the correct type.

    On deletion, contained CollectionItems get automatically reaped via
    SQL cascade"""
    __tablename__ = "core__collections"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    public_id = Column(Unicode, unique=True)
    title = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    slug = Column(Unicode)
    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow,
                     index=True)
    updated = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    description = Column(UnicodeText)
    actor = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(User.id), nullable=False)
    num_items = Column(Integer, default=0)

    # There are lots of different special types of collections in the pump.io API
    # for example: followers, following, inbox, outbox, etc. See type constants
    # below the fields on this model.
    type = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)

    # Location
    location = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("core__locations.id"))
    get_location = relationship("Location", lazy="joined")

    # Cascade: Collections are owned by their creator. So do the full thing.
    get_actor = relationship(User,
                               backref=backref("collections",
                                               cascade="all, delete-orphan"))
    __table_args__ = (
        UniqueConstraint("actor", "slug"),
        {})

    deletion_mode = Base.SOFT_DELETE

    # These are the types, It's strongly suggested if new ones are invented they
    # are prefixed to ensure they're unique from other types. Any types used in
    # the main mediagoblin should be prefixed "core-"
    INBOX_TYPE = "core-inbox"
    OUTBOX_TYPE = "core-outbox"
    FOLLOWER_TYPE = "core-followers"
    FOLLOWING_TYPE = "core-following"
    COMMENT_TYPE = "core-comments"
    USER_DEFINED_TYPE = "core-user-defined"

    def get_collection_items(self, ascending=False):
        #TODO, is this still needed with self.collection_items being available?
        order_col = MediaEntry.created
        if not ascending:
            order_col = desc(order_col)
        return CollectionItem.query.join(MediaEntry).filter(
                CollectionItem.collection==self.id).order_by(order_col)

    def __repr__(self):
        safe_title = self.title.encode('ascii', 'replace')
        return '<{classname} #{id}: {title} by {actor}>'.format(
            id=self.id,
            classname=self.__class__.__name__,
            actor=self.actor,
            title=safe_title)

    def serialize(self, request):
        # Get all serialized output in a list
        items = [i.serialize(request) for i in self.get_collection_items()]
        return {
            "totalItems": self.num_items,
            "url": self.url_for_self(request.urlgen, qualified=True),
            "items": items,
        }


class CollectionItem(Base, CollectionItemMixin):
    __tablename__ = "core__collection_items"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

    collection = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(Collection.id), nullable=False)
    note = Column(UnicodeText, nullable=True)
    added = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    position = Column(Integer)
    # Cascade: CollectionItems are owned by their Collection. So do the full thing.
    in_collection = relationship(Collection,
                                 backref=backref(
                                     "collection_items",
                                     cascade="all, delete-orphan"))

    # Link to the object (could be anything.
    object_id = Column(
        Integer,
        ForeignKey(GenericModelReference.id),
        nullable=False,
        index=True
    )
    object_helper = relationship(
        GenericModelReference,
        foreign_keys=[object_id]
    )
    get_object = association_proxy(
        "object_helper",
        "get_object",
        creator=GenericModelReference.find_or_new
    )

    __table_args__ = (
        UniqueConstraint('collection', 'object_id'),
        {})

    @property
    def dict_view(self):
        """A dict like view on this object"""
        return DictReadAttrProxy(self)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<{classname} #{id}: Object {obj} in {collection}>'.format(
            id=self.id,
            classname=self.__class__.__name__,
            collection=self.collection,
            obj=self.get_object()
        )

    def serialize(self, request):
        return self.get_object().serialize(request)


class ProcessingMetaData(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'core__processing_metadata'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    media_entry_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(MediaEntry.id), nullable=False,
            index=True)
    media_entry = relationship(MediaEntry,
            backref=backref('processing_metadata',
                cascade='all, delete-orphan'))
    callback_url = Column(Unicode)

    @property
    def dict_view(self):
        """A dict like view on this object"""
        return DictReadAttrProxy(self)


class CommentSubscription(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'core__comment_subscriptions'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)

    media_entry_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(MediaEntry.id), nullable=False)
    media_entry = relationship(MediaEntry,
                        backref=backref('comment_subscriptions',
                                        cascade='all, delete-orphan'))

    user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(User.id), nullable=False)
    user = relationship(User,
                        backref=backref('comment_subscriptions',
                                        cascade='all, delete-orphan'))

    notify = Column(Boolean, nullable=False, default=True)
    send_email = Column(Boolean, nullable=False, default=True)

    def __repr__(self):
        return ('<{classname} #{id}: {user} {media} notify: '
                '{notify} email: {email}>').format(
            id=self.id,
            classname=self.__class__.__name__,
            user=self.user,
            media=self.media_entry,
            notify=self.notify,
            email=self.send_email)


class Notification(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'core__notifications'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

    object_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(GenericModelReference.id))
    object_helper = relationship(GenericModelReference)
    obj = association_proxy("object_helper", "get_object",
                            creator=GenericModelReference.find_or_new)

    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('core__users.id'), nullable=False,
                     index=True)
    seen = Column(Boolean, default=lambda: False, index=True)
    user = relationship(
        User,
        backref=backref('notifications', cascade='all, delete-orphan'))

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<{klass} #{id}: {user}: {subject} ({seen})>'.format(
            id=self.id,
            klass=self.__class__.__name__,
            user=self.user,
            subject=getattr(self, 'subject', None),
            seen='unseen' if not self.seen else 'seen')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'<{klass} #{id}: {user}: {subject} ({seen})>'.format(
            id=self.id,
            klass=self.__class__.__name__,
            user=self.user,
            subject=getattr(self, 'subject', None),
            seen='unseen' if not self.seen else 'seen')

class Report(Base):
    """
    Represents a report that someone might file against Media, Comments, etc.

        :keyword    reporter_id         Holds the id of the user who created
                                            the report, as an Integer column.
        :keyword    report_content      Hold the explanation left by the repor-
                                            -ter to indicate why they filed the
                                            report in the first place, as a
                                            Unicode column.
        :keyword    reported_user_id    Holds the id of the user who created
                                            the content which was reported, as
                                            an Integer column.
        :keyword    created             Holds a datetime column of when the re-
                                            -port was filed.
        :keyword    resolver_id         Holds the id of the moderator/admin who
                                            resolved the report.
        :keyword    resolved            Holds the DateTime object which descri-
                                            -bes when this report was resolved
        :keyword    result              Holds the UnicodeText column of the
                                            resolver's reasons for resolving
                                            the report this way. Some of this
                                            is auto-generated
        :keyword    object_id           Holds the ID of the GenericModelReference
                                            which points to the reported object.
    """
    __tablename__ = 'core__reports'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    reporter_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(User.id), nullable=False)
    reporter =  relationship(
        User,
        backref=backref("reports_filed_by",
            lazy="dynamic",
            cascade="all, delete-orphan"),
        primaryjoin="User.id==Report.reporter_id")
    report_content = Column(UnicodeText)
    reported_user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(User.id), nullable=False)
    reported_user = relationship(
        User,
        backref=backref("reports_filed_on",
            lazy="dynamic",
            cascade="all, delete-orphan"),
        primaryjoin="User.id==Report.reported_user_id")
    created = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    resolver_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(User.id))
    resolver = relationship(
        User,
        backref=backref("reports_resolved_by",
            lazy="dynamic",
            cascade="all, delete-orphan"),
        primaryjoin="User.id==Report.resolver_id")

    resolved = Column(DateTime)
    result = Column(UnicodeText)

    object_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(GenericModelReference.id), nullable=True)
    object_helper = relationship(GenericModelReference)
    obj = association_proxy("object_helper", "get_object",
                            creator=GenericModelReference.find_or_new)

    def is_archived_report(self):
        return self.resolved is not None

    def is_comment_report(self):
        if self.object_id is None:
            return False
        return isinstance(self.obj(), TextComment)

    def is_media_entry_report(self):
        if self.object_id is None:
            return False
        return isinstance(self.obj(), MediaEntry)

    def archive(self,resolver_id, resolved, result):
        self.resolver_id   = resolver_id
        self.resolved   = resolved
        self.result     = result

class UserBan(Base):
    """
    Holds the information on a specific user's ban-state. As long as one of
        these is attached to a user, they are banned from accessing mediagoblin.
        When they try to log in, they are greeted with a page that tells them
        the reason why they are banned and when (if ever) the ban will be
        lifted

        :keyword user_id          Holds the id of the user this object is
                                    attached to. This is a one-to-one
                                    relationship.
        :keyword expiration_date  Holds the date that the ban will be lifted.
                                    If this is null, the ban is permanent
                                    unless a moderator manually lifts it.
        :keyword reason           Holds the reason why the user was banned.
    """
    __tablename__ = 'core__user_bans'

    user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(User.id), nullable=False,
                                                        primary_key=True)
    expiration_date = Column(Date)
    reason = Column(UnicodeText, nullable=False)


class Privilege(Base):
    """
    The Privilege table holds all of the different privileges a user can hold.
    If a user 'has' a privilege, the User object is in a relationship with the
    privilege object.

        :keyword privilege_name   Holds a unicode object that is the recognizable
                                    name of this privilege. This is the column
                                    used for identifying whether or not a user
                                    has a necessary privilege or not.

    """
    __tablename__ = 'core__privileges'

    id = Column(Integer, nullable=False, primary_key=True)
    privilege_name = Column(Unicode, nullable=False, unique=True)
    all_users = relationship(
        User,
        backref='all_privileges',
        secondary="core__privileges_users")

    def __init__(self, privilege_name):
        '''
        Currently consructors are required for tables that are initialized thru
        the FOUNDATIONS system. This is because they need to be able to be con-
        -structed by a list object holding their arg*s
        '''
        self.privilege_name = privilege_name

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Privilege %s>" % (self.privilege_name)


class PrivilegeUserAssociation(Base):
    '''
    This table holds the many-to-many relationship between User and Privilege
    '''

    __tablename__ = 'core__privileges_users'

    user = Column(
        "user",
        Integer,
        ForeignKey(User.id),
        primary_key=True)
    privilege = Column(
        "privilege",
        Integer,
        ForeignKey(Privilege.id),
        primary_key=True)

class Generator(Base):
    """ Information about what created an activity """
    __tablename__ = "core__generators"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    published = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    updated = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    object_type = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)

    deletion_mode = Base.SOFT_DELETE

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<{klass} {name}>".format(
            klass=self.__class__.__name__,
            name=self.name
        )

    def serialize(self, request):
        href = request.urlgen(
            "mediagoblin.api.object",
            object_type=self.object_type,
            id=self.id,
            qualified=True
        )
        published = UTC.localize(self.published)
        updated = UTC.localize(self.updated)
        return {
            "id": href,
            "displayName": self.name,
            "published": published.isoformat(),
            "updated": updated.isoformat(),
            "objectType": self.object_type,
        }

    def unserialize(self, data):
        if "displayName" in data:
            self.name = data["displayName"]

class Activity(Base, ActivityMixin):
    """
    This holds all the metadata about an activity such as uploading an image,
    posting a comment, etc.
    """
    __tablename__ = "core__activities"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    public_id = Column(Unicode, unique=True)
    actor = Column(Integer,
                   ForeignKey("core__users.id"),
                   nullable=False)
    published = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    updated = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)

    verb = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)
    content = Column(Unicode, nullable=True)
    title = Column(Unicode, nullable=True)
    generator = Column(Integer,
                       ForeignKey("core__generators.id"),
                       nullable=True)

    # Create the generic foreign keys for the object
    object_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(GenericModelReference.id), nullable=False)
    object_helper = relationship(GenericModelReference, foreign_keys=[object_id])
    object = association_proxy("object_helper", "get_object",
                                creator=GenericModelReference.find_or_new)

    # Create the generic foreign Key for the target
    target_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(GenericModelReference.id), nullable=True)
    target_helper = relationship(GenericModelReference, foreign_keys=[target_id])
    target = association_proxy("target_helper", "get_object",
                              creator=GenericModelReference.find_or_new)

    get_actor = relationship(User,
                             backref=backref("activities",
                                             cascade="all, delete-orphan"))
    get_generator = relationship(Generator)

    deletion_mode = Base.SOFT_DELETE

    def __repr__(self):
        if self.content is None:
            return "<{klass} verb:{verb}>".format(
                klass=self.__class__.__name__,
                verb=self.verb
            )
        else:
            return "<{klass} {content}>".format(
                klass=self.__class__.__name__,
                content=self.content
            )

    def save(self, set_updated=True, *args, **kwargs):
        if set_updated:
            self.updated = datetime.datetime.now()
        super(Activity, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

class Graveyard(Base):
    """ Where models come to die """
    __tablename__ = "core__graveyard"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    public_id = Column(Unicode, nullable=True, unique=True)

    deleted = Column(DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
    object_type = Column(Unicode, nullable=False)

    # This could either be a deleted actor or a real actor, this must be
    # nullable as it we shouldn't have it set for deleted actor
    actor_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(GenericModelReference.id))
    actor_helper = relationship(GenericModelReference)
    actor = association_proxy("actor_helper", "get_object",
                              creator=GenericModelReference.find_or_new)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<{klass} deleted {obj_type}>".format(
            klass=type(self).__name__,
            obj_type=self.object_type
        )

    def serialize(self, request):
        deleted = UTC.localize(self.deleted).isoformat()
        context = {
            "id": self.public_id,
            "objectType": self.object_type,
            "published": deleted,
            "updated": deleted,
            "deleted": deleted,
        }

        if self.actor_id is not None:
            context["actor"] = self.actor().serialize(request)

        return context
MODELS = [
    LocalUser, RemoteUser, User, MediaEntry, Tag, MediaTag, Comment, TextComment,
    Collection, CollectionItem, MediaFile, FileKeynames, MediaAttachmentFile,
    ProcessingMetaData, Notification, Client, CommentSubscription, Report,
    UserBan, Privilege, PrivilegeUserAssociation, RequestToken, AccessToken,
    NonceTimestamp, Activity, Generator, Location, GenericModelReference, Graveyard]

"""
 Foundations are the default rows that are created immediately after the tables
 are initialized. Each entry to  this dictionary should be in the format of:
                 ModelConstructorObject:List of Dictionaries
 (Each Dictionary represents a row on the Table to be created, containing each
  of the columns' names as a key string, and each of the columns' values as a
  value)

 ex. [NOTE THIS IS NOT BASED OFF OF OUR USER TABLE]
    user_foundations = [{'name':u'Joanna', 'age':24},
                        {'name':u'Andrea', 'age':41}]

    FOUNDATIONS = {User:user_foundations}
"""
privilege_foundations = [{'privilege_name':u'admin'},
						{'privilege_name':u'moderator'},
						{'privilege_name':u'uploader'},
						{'privilege_name':u'reporter'},
						{'privilege_name':u'commenter'},
						{'privilege_name':u'active'}]
FOUNDATIONS = {Privilege:privilege_foundations}

######################################################
# Special, migrations-tracking table
#
# Not listed in MODELS because this is special and not
# really migrated, but used for migrations (for now)
######################################################

class MigrationData(Base):
    __tablename__ = "core__migrations"

    name = Column(Unicode, primary_key=True)
    version = Column(Integer, nullable=False, default=0)

######################################################


def show_table_init(engine_uri):
    if engine_uri is None:
        engine_uri = 'sqlite:///:memory:'
    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    engine = create_engine(engine_uri, echo=True)

    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from sys import argv
    print(repr(argv))
    if len(argv) == 2:
        uri = argv[1]
    else:
        uri = None
    show_table_init(uri)