4 This file contains descriptions of new features that have been added to Exim.
5 Before a formal release, there may be quite a lot of detail so that people can
6 test from the snapshots or the Git before the documentation is updated. Once
7 the documentation is updated, this file is reduced to a short list.
12 1. Dual-certificate stacks on servers now support OCSP stapling, under GnuTLS
13 version 3.5.6 or later.
15 2. DANE is now supported under GnuTLS version 3.0.0 or later (adding to the
16 previous OpenSSL implementation, but still Experimental).
18 3. Feature macros for the compiled-in set of malware scanner interfaces.
20 4. SPF support is promoted from Experimental to mainline status. The template
21 src/EDITME makefile does not enable its inclusion.
23 5. Logging control for DKIM verification. The existing DKIM log line is
24 controlled by a "dkim_verbose" selector which is _not_ enabled by default.
25 A new tag "DKIM=<domain>" is added to <= lines by default, controlled by
26 a "dkim" log_selector.
28 6. Receive duration on <= lines, under a new log_selector "receive_time".
30 7. Options "ipv4_only" and "ipv4_prefer" on the dnslookup router and on
31 routing rules in the manualroute router.
37 1. PKG_CONFIG_PATH can now be set in Local/Makefile;
38 wildcards will be expanded, values are collapsed.
40 2. The ${readsocket } expansion now takes an option to not shutdown the
41 connection after sending the query string. The default remains to do so.
43 3. An smtp transport option "hosts_noproxy_tls" to control whether multiple
44 deliveries on a single TCP connection can maintain a TLS connection
45 open. By default disabled for all hosts, doing so saves the cost of
46 making new TLS sessions, at the cost of having to proxy the data via
47 another process. Logging is also affected.
49 4. A malware connection type for the FPSCAND protocol.
51 5. An option for recipient verify callouts to hold the connection open for
52 further recipients and for delivery.
54 6. The reproducible build $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable is now
57 7. Optionally, an alternate format for spool data-files which matches the
58 wire format - meaning more efficient reception and transmission (at the
59 cost of difficulty with standard Unix tools). Only used for messages
60 received using the ESMTP CHUNKING option, and when a new main-section
61 option "spool_wireformat" (false by default) is set.
63 8. New main configuration option "commandline_checks_require_admin" to
64 restrict who can use various introspection options.
66 9. New option modifier "no_check" for quota and quota_filecount
69 10. Variable $smtp_command_history returning a comma-sep list of recent
72 11. Millisecond timetamps in logs, on log_selector "millisec". Also affects
73 log elements QT, DT and D, and timstamps in debug output.
75 12. TCP Fast Open logging. As a server, logs when the SMTP banner was sent
76 while still in SYN_RECV state; as a client logs when the connection
77 is opened with a TFO cookie.
79 13. DKIM support for multiple signing, by domain and/or key-selector.
80 DKIM support for multiple hashes, and for alternate-identity tags.
81 Builtin macro with default list of signed headers.
82 Better syntax for specifying oversigning.
83 The DKIM ACL can override verification status, and status is visible in
86 14. Exipick understands -C|--config for an alternative Exim
89 15. TCP Fast Open used, with data-on-SYN, for client SMTP via SOCKS5 proxy,
90 for ${readsocket } expansions, and for ClamAV.
92 16. The "-be" expansion test mode now supports macros. Macros are expanded
93 in test lines, and new macros can be defined.
95 17. Support for server-side dual-certificate-stacks (eg. RSA + ECDSA).
101 1. Allow relative config file names for ".include"
103 2. A main-section config option "debug_store" to control the checks on
104 variable locations during store-reset. Normally false but can be enabled
105 when a memory corrution issue is suspected on a production system.
111 1. The new perl_taintmode option allows to run the embedded perl
112 interpreter in taint mode.
114 2. New log_selector: dnssec, adds a "DS" tag to acceptance and delivery lines.
116 3. Speculative debugging, via a "kill" option to the "control=debug" ACL
119 4. New expansion item ${sha3:<string>} / ${sha3_<N>:<string>}.
120 N can be 224, 256 (default), 384, 512.
121 With GnuTLS 3.5.0 or later, only.
123 5. Facility for named queues: A command-line argument can specify
124 the queue name for a queue operation, and an ACL modifier can set
125 the queue to be used for a message. A $queue_name variable gives
128 6. New expansion operators base32/base32d.
130 7. The CHUNKING ESMTP extension from RFC 3030. May give some slight
131 performance increase and network load decrease. Main config option
132 chunking_advertise_hosts, and smtp transport option hosts_try_chunking
135 8. LMDB lookup support, as Experimental. Patch supplied by Andrew Colin Kissa.
137 9. Expansion operator escape8bit, like escape but not touching newline etc..
139 10. Feature macros, generated from compile options. All start with "_HAVE_"
140 and go on with some roughly recognisable name. Driver macros, for
141 router, transport and authentication drivers; names starting with "_DRIVER_".
142 Option macros, for each configuration-file option; all start with "_OPT_".
143 Use the "-bP macros" command-line option to see what is present.
145 11. Integer values for options can take a "G" multiplier.
147 12. defer=pass option for the ACL control cutthrough_delivery, to reflect 4xx
148 returns from the target back to the initiator, rather than spooling the
151 13. New built-in constants available for tls_dhparam and default changed.
153 14. If built with EXPERIMENTAL_QUEUEFILE, a queuefile transport, for writing
154 out copies of the message spool files for use by 3rd-party scanners.
156 15. A new option on the smtp transport, hosts_try_fastopen. If the system
157 supports it (on Linux it must be enabled in the kernel by the sysadmin)
158 try to use RFC 7413 "TCP Fast Open". No data is sent on the SYN segment
159 but it permits a peer that also supports the facility to send its SMTP
160 banner immediately after the SYN,ACK segment rather then waiting for
161 another ACK - so saving up to one roundtrip time. Because it requires
162 previous communication with the peer (we save a cookie from it) this
163 will only become active on frequently-contacted destinations.
165 16. A new syslog_pid option to suppress PID duplication in syslog lines.
171 1. The ACL conditions regex and mime_regex now capture substrings
172 into numeric variables $regex1 to 9, like the "match" expansion condition.
174 2. New $callout_address variable records the address used for a spam=,
175 malware= or verify= callout.
177 3. Transports now take a "max_parallel" option, to limit concurrency.
179 4. Expansion operators ${ipv6norm:<string>} and ${ipv6denorm:<string>}.
180 The latter expands to a 8-element colon-sep set of hex digits including
181 leading zeroes. A trailing ipv4-style dotted-decimal set is converted
182 to hex. Pure ipv4 addresses are converted to IPv4-mapped IPv6.
183 The former operator strips leading zeroes and collapses the longest
184 set of 0-groups to a double-colon.
186 5. New "-bP config" support, to dump the effective configuration.
188 6. New $dkim_key_length variable.
190 7. New base64d and base64 expansion items (the existing str2b64 being a
191 synonym of the latter). Add support in base64 for certificates.
193 8. New main configuration option "bounce_return_linesize_limit" to
194 avoid oversize bodies in bounces. The default value matches RFC
197 9. New $initial_cwd expansion variable.
203 1. Support for using the system standard CA bundle.
205 2. New expansion items $config_file, $config_dir, containing the file
206 and directory name of the main configuration file. Also $exim_version.
208 3. New "malware=" support for Avast.
210 4. New "spam=" variant option for Rspamd.
212 5. Assorted options on malware= and spam= scanners.
214 6. A command-line option to write a comment into the logfile.
216 7. If built with EXPERIMENTAL_SOCKS feature enabled, the smtp transport can
217 be configured to make connections via socks5 proxies.
219 8. If built with EXPERIMENTAL_INTERNATIONAL, support is included for
220 the transmission of UTF-8 envelope addresses.
222 9. If built with EXPERIMENTAL_INTERNATIONAL, an expansion item for a commonly
223 used encoding of Maildir folder names.
225 10. A logging option for slow DNS lookups.
227 11. New ${env {<variable>}} expansion.
229 12. A non-SMTP authenticator using information from TLS client certificates.
231 13. Main option "tls_eccurve" for selecting an Elliptic Curve for TLS.
232 Patch originally by Wolfgang Breyha.
234 14. Main option "dns_trust_aa" for trusting your local nameserver at the
235 same level as DNSSEC.
241 1. If built with EXPERIMENTAL_DANE feature enabled, Exim will follow the
242 DANE SMTP draft to assess a secure chain of trust of the certificate
243 used to establish the TLS connection based on a TLSA record in the
244 domain of the sender.
246 2. The EXPERIMENTAL_TPDA feature has been renamed to EXPERIMENTAL_EVENT
247 and several new events have been created. The reason is because it has
248 been expanded beyond just firing events during the transport phase. Any
249 existing TPDA transport options will have to be rewritten to use a new
250 $event_name expansion variable in a condition. Refer to the
251 experimental-spec.txt for details and examples.
253 3. The EXPERIMENTAL_CERTNAMES features is an enhancement to verify that
254 server certs used for TLS match the result of the MX lookup. It does
255 not use the same mechanism as DANE.
265 1. If built with the EXPERIMENTAL_PROXY feature enabled, Exim can be
266 configured to expect an initial header from a proxy that will make the
267 actual external source IP:host be used in exim instead of the IP of the
268 proxy that is connecting to it.
270 2. New verify option header_names_ascii, which will check to make sure
271 there are no non-ASCII characters in header names. Exim itself handles
272 those non-ASCII characters, but downstream apps may not, so Exim can
273 detect and reject if those characters are present.
275 3. New expansion operator ${utf8clean:string} to replace malformed UTF8
276 codepoints with valid ones.
278 4. New malware type "sock". Talks over a Unix or TCP socket, sending one
279 command line and matching a regex against the return data for trigger
280 and a second regex to extract malware_name. The mail spoolfile name can
281 be included in the command line.
283 5. The smtp transport now supports options "tls_verify_hosts" and
284 "tls_try_verify_hosts". If either is set the certificate verification
285 is split from the encryption operation. The default remains that a failed
286 verification cancels the encryption.
288 6. New SERVERS override of default ldap server list. In the ACLs, an ldap
289 lookup can now set a list of servers to use that is different from the
292 7. New command-line option -C for exiqgrep to specify alternate exim.conf
293 file when searching the queue.
295 8. OCSP now supports GnuTLS also, if you have version 3.1.3 or later of that.
297 9. Support for DNSSEC on outbound connections.
299 10. New variables "tls_(in,out)_(our,peer)cert" and expansion item
300 "certextract" to extract fields from them. Hash operators md5 and sha1
301 work over them for generating fingerprints, and a new sha256 operator
304 11. PRDR is now supported dy default.
306 12. OCSP stapling is now supported by default.
308 13. If built with the EXPERIMENTAL_DSN feature enabled, Exim will output
309 Delivery Status Notification messages in MIME format, and negotiate
310 DSN features per RFC 3461.
316 1. New command-line option -bI:sieve will list all supported sieve extensions
317 of this Exim build on standard output, one per line.
318 ManageSieve (RFC 5804) providers managing scripts for use by Exim should
319 query this to establish the correct list to include in the protocol's
320 SIEVE capability line.
322 2. If the -n option is combined with the -bP option, then the name of an
323 emitted option is not output, only the value (if visible to you).
324 For instance, "exim -n -bP pid_file_path" should just emit a pathname
325 followed by a newline, and no other text.
327 3. When built with SUPPORT_TLS and USE_GNUTLS, the SMTP transport driver now
328 has a "tls_dh_min_bits" option, to set the minimum acceptable number of
329 bits in the Diffie-Hellman prime offered by a server (in DH ciphersuites)
330 acceptable for security. (Option accepted but ignored if using OpenSSL).
331 Defaults to 1024, the old value. May be lowered only to 512, or raised as
332 far as you like. Raising this may hinder TLS interoperability with other
333 sites and is not currently recommended. Lowering this will permit you to
334 establish a TLS session which is not as secure as you might like.
336 Unless you really know what you are doing, leave it alone.
338 4. If not built with DISABLE_DNSSEC, Exim now has the main option
339 dns_dnssec_ok; if set to 1 then Exim will initialise the resolver library
340 to send the DO flag to your recursive resolver. If you have a recursive
341 resolver, which can set the Authenticated Data (AD) flag in results, Exim
342 can now detect this. Exim does not perform validation itself, instead
343 relying upon a trusted path to the resolver.
345 Current status: work-in-progress; $sender_host_dnssec variable added.
347 5. DSCP support for outbound connections: on a transport using the smtp driver,
348 set "dscp = ef", for instance, to cause the connections to have the relevant
349 DSCP (IPv4 TOS or IPv6 TCLASS) value in the header.
351 Similarly for inbound connections, there is a new control modifier, dscp,
352 so "warn control = dscp/ef" in the connect ACL, or after authentication.
354 Supported values depend upon system libraries. "exim -bI:dscp" to list the
355 ones Exim knows of. You can also set a raw number 0..0x3F.
357 6. The -G command-line flag is no longer ignored; it is now equivalent to an
358 ACL setting "control = suppress_local_fixups". The -L command-line flag
359 is now accepted and forces use of syslog, with the provided tag as the
360 process name. A few other flags used by Sendmail are now accepted and
363 7. New cutthrough routing feature. Requested by a "control = cutthrough_delivery"
364 ACL modifier; works for single-recipient mails which are received on and
365 deliverable via SMTP. Using the connection made for a recipient verify,
366 if requested before the verify, or a new one made for the purpose while
367 the inbound connection is still active. The bulk of the mail item is copied
368 direct from the inbound socket to the outbound (as well as the spool file).
369 When the source notifies the end of data, the data acceptance by the destination
370 is negotiated before the acceptance is sent to the source. If the destination
371 does not accept the mail item, for example due to content-scanning, the item
372 is not accepted from the source and therefore there is no need to generate
373 a bounce mail. This is of benefit when providing a secondary-MX service.
374 The downside is that delays are under the control of the ultimate destination
377 The Received-by: header on items delivered by cutthrough is generated
378 early in reception rather than at the end; this will affect any timestamp
379 included. The log line showing delivery is recorded before that showing
380 reception; it uses a new ">>" tag instead of "=>".
382 To support the feature, verify-callout connections can now use ESMTP and TLS.
383 The usual smtp transport options are honoured, plus a (new, default everything)
384 hosts_verify_avoid_tls.
386 New variable families named tls_in_cipher, tls_out_cipher etc. are introduced
387 for specific access to the information for each connection. The old names
388 are present for now but deprecated.
390 Not yet supported: IGNOREQUOTA, SIZE, PIPELINING.
392 8. New expansion operators ${listnamed:name} to get the content of a named list
393 and ${listcount:string} to count the items in a list.
395 9. New global option "gnutls_allow_auto_pkcs11", defaults false. The GnuTLS
396 rewrite in 4.80 combines with GnuTLS 2.12.0 or later, to autoload PKCS11
397 modules. For some situations this is desirable, but we expect admin in
398 those situations to know they want the feature. More commonly, it means
399 that GUI user modules get loaded and are broken by the setuid Exim being
400 unable to access files specified in environment variables and passed
401 through, thus breakage. So we explicitly inhibit the PKCS11 initialisation
402 unless this new option is set.
404 Some older OS's with earlier versions of GnuTLS might not have pkcs11 ability,
405 so have also added a build option which can be used to build Exim with GnuTLS
406 but without trying to use any kind of PKCS11 support. Uncomment this in the
409 AVOID_GNUTLS_PKCS11=yes
411 10. The "acl = name" condition on an ACL now supports optional arguments.
412 New expansion item "${acl {name}{arg}...}" and expansion condition
413 "acl {{name}{arg}...}" are added. In all cases up to nine arguments
414 can be used, appearing in $acl_arg1 to $acl_arg9 for the called ACL.
415 Variable $acl_narg contains the number of arguments. If the ACL sets
416 a "message =" value this becomes the result of the expansion item,
417 or the value of $value for the expansion condition. If the ACL returns
418 accept the expansion condition is true; if reject, false. A defer
419 return results in a forced fail.
421 11. Routers and transports can now have multiple headers_add and headers_remove
422 option lines. The concatenated list is used.
424 12. New ACL modifier "remove_header" can remove headers before message gets
425 handled by routers/transports.
427 13. New dnsdb lookup pseudo-type "a+". A sequence of "a6" (if configured),
428 "aaaa" and "a" lookups is done and the full set of results returned.
430 14. New expansion variable $headers_added with content from ACL add_header
431 modifier (but not yet added to message).
433 15. New 8bitmime status logging option for received messages. Log field "M8S".
435 16. New authenticated_sender logging option, adding to log field "A".
437 17. New expansion variables $router_name and $transport_name. Useful
438 particularly for debug_print as -bt command-line option does not
439 require privilege whereas -d does.
441 18. If built with EXPERIMENTAL_PRDR, per-recipient data responses per a
442 proposed extension to SMTP from Eric Hall.
444 19. The pipe transport has gained the force_command option, to allow
445 decorating commands from user .forward pipe aliases with prefix
446 wrappers, for instance.
448 20. Callout connections can now AUTH; the same controls as normal delivery
451 21. Support for DMARC, using opendmarc libs, can be enabled. It adds new
452 options: dmarc_forensic_sender, dmarc_history_file, and dmarc_tld_file.
453 It adds new expansion variables $dmarc_ar_header, $dmarc_status,
454 $dmarc_status_text, and $dmarc_used_domain. It adds a new acl modifier
455 dmarc_status. It adds new control flags dmarc_disable_verify and
456 dmarc_enable_forensic. The default for the dmarc_tld_file option is
457 "/etc/exim/opendmarc.tlds" and can be changed via EDITME.
459 22. Add expansion variable $authenticated_fail_id, which is the username
460 provided to the authentication method which failed. It is available
461 for use in subsequent ACL processing (typically quit or notquit ACLs).
463 23. New ACL modifier "udpsend" can construct a UDP packet to send to a given
466 24. New ${hexquote:..string..} expansion operator converts non-printable
467 characters in the string to \xNN form.
469 25. Experimental TPDA (Transport Post Delivery Action) function added.
470 Patch provided by Axel Rau.
472 26. Experimental Redis lookup added. Patch provided by Warren Baker.
478 1. New authenticator driver, "gsasl". Server-only (at present).
479 This is a SASL interface, licensed under GPL, which can be found at
480 http://www.gnu.org/software/gsasl/.
481 This system does not provide sources of data for authentication, so
482 careful use needs to be made of the conditions in Exim.
484 2. New authenticator driver, "heimdal_gssapi". Server-only.
485 A replacement for using cyrus_sasl with Heimdal, now that $KRB5_KTNAME
486 is no longer honoured for setuid programs by Heimdal. Use the
487 "server_keytab" option to point to the keytab.
489 3. The "pkg-config" system can now be used when building Exim to reference
490 cflags and library information for lookups and authenticators, rather
491 than having to update "CFLAGS", "AUTH_LIBS", "LOOKUP_INCLUDE" and
492 "LOOKUP_LIBS" directly. Similarly for handling the TLS library support
493 without adjusting "TLS_INCLUDE" and "TLS_LIBS".
495 In addition, setting PCRE_CONFIG=yes will query the pcre-config tool to
496 find the headers and libraries for PCRE.
498 4. New expansion variable $tls_bits.
500 5. New lookup type, "dbmjz". Key is an Exim list, the elements of which will
501 be joined together with ASCII NUL characters to construct the key to pass
502 into the DBM library. Can be used with gsasl to access sasldb2 files as
505 6. OpenSSL now supports TLS1.1 and TLS1.2 with OpenSSL 1.0.1.
507 Avoid release 1.0.1a if you can. Note that the default value of
508 "openssl_options" is no longer "+dont_insert_empty_fragments", as that
509 increased susceptibility to attack. This may still have interoperability
510 implications for very old clients (see version 4.31 change 37) but
511 administrators can choose to make the trade-off themselves and restore
512 compatibility at the cost of session security.
514 7. Use of the new expansion variable $tls_sni in the main configuration option
515 tls_certificate will cause Exim to re-expand the option, if the client
516 sends the TLS Server Name Indication extension, to permit choosing a
517 different certificate; tls_privatekey will also be re-expanded. You must
518 still set these options to expand to valid files when $tls_sni is not set.
520 The SMTP Transport has gained the option tls_sni, which will set a hostname
521 for outbound TLS sessions, and set $tls_sni too.
523 A new log_selector, +tls_sni, has been added, to log received SNI values
524 for Exim as a server.
526 8. The existing "accept_8bitmime" option now defaults to true. This means
527 that Exim is deliberately not strictly RFC compliant. We're following
528 Dan Bernstein's advice in http://cr.yp.to/smtp/8bitmime.html by default.
529 Those who disagree, or know that they are talking to mail servers that,
530 even today, are not 8-bit clean, need to turn off this option.
532 9. Exim can now be started with -bw (with an optional timeout, given as
533 -bw<timespec>). With this, stdin at startup is a socket that is
534 already listening for connections. This has a more modern name of
535 "socket activation", but forcing the activated socket to fd 0. We're
536 interested in adding more support for modern variants.
538 10. ${eval } now uses 64-bit values on supporting platforms. A new "G" suffix
539 for numbers indicates multiplication by 1024^3.
541 11. The GnuTLS support has been revamped; the three options gnutls_require_kx,
542 gnutls_require_mac & gnutls_require_protocols are no longer supported.
543 tls_require_ciphers is now parsed by gnutls_priority_init(3) as a priority
544 string, documentation for which is at:
545 http://www.gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Priority-Strings.html
547 SNI support has been added to Exim's GnuTLS integration too.
549 For sufficiently recent GnuTLS libraries, ${randint:..} will now use
550 gnutls_rnd(), asking for GNUTLS_RND_NONCE level randomness.
552 12. With OpenSSL, if built with EXPERIMENTAL_OCSP, a new option tls_ocsp_file
553 is now available. If the contents of the file are valid, then Exim will
554 send that back in response to a TLS status request; this is OCSP Stapling.
555 Exim will not maintain the contents of the file in any way: administrators
556 are responsible for ensuring that it is up-to-date.
558 See "experimental-spec.txt" for more details.
560 13. ${lookup dnsdb{ }} supports now SPF record types. They are handled
561 identically to TXT record lookups.
563 14. New expansion variable $tod_epoch_l for higher-precision time.
565 15. New global option tls_dh_max_bits, defaulting to current value of NSS
566 hard-coded limit of DH ephemeral bits, to fix interop problems caused by
567 GnuTLS 2.12 library recommending a bit count higher than NSS supports.
569 16. tls_dhparam now used by both OpenSSL and GnuTLS, can be path or identifier.
570 Option can now be a path or an identifier for a standard prime.
571 If unset, we use the DH prime from section 2.2 of RFC 5114, "ike23".
572 Set to "historic" to get the old GnuTLS behaviour of auto-generated DH
575 17. SSLv2 now disabled by default in OpenSSL. (Never supported by GnuTLS).
576 Use "openssl_options -no_sslv2" to re-enable support, if your OpenSSL
577 install was not built with OPENSSL_NO_SSL2 ("no-ssl2").
583 1. New options for the ratelimit ACL condition: /count= and /unique=.
584 The /noupdate option has been replaced by a /readonly option.
586 2. The SMTP transport's protocol option may now be set to "smtps", to
587 use SSL-on-connect outbound.
589 3. New variable $av_failed, set true if the AV scanner deferred; ie, when
590 there is a problem talking to the AV scanner, or the AV scanner running.
592 4. New expansion conditions, "inlist" and "inlisti", which take simple lists
593 and check if the search item is a member of the list. This does not
594 support named lists, but does subject the list part to string expansion.
596 5. Unless the new EXPAND_LISTMATCH_RHS build option is set when Exim was
597 built, Exim no longer performs string expansion on the second string of
598 the match_* expansion conditions: "match_address", "match_domain",
599 "match_ip" & "match_local_part". Named lists can still be used.
605 1. The global option "dns_use_edns0" may be set to coerce EDNS0 usage on
606 or off in the resolver library.
612 1. In addition to the existing LDAP and LDAP/SSL ("ldaps") support, there
613 is now LDAP/TLS support, given sufficiently modern OpenLDAP client
614 libraries. The following global options have been added in support of
615 this: ldap_ca_cert_dir, ldap_ca_cert_file, ldap_cert_file, ldap_cert_key,
616 ldap_cipher_suite, ldap_require_cert, ldap_start_tls.
618 2. The pipe transport now takes a boolean option, "freeze_signal", default
619 false. When true, if the external delivery command exits on a signal then
620 Exim will freeze the message in the queue, instead of generating a bounce.
622 3. Log filenames may now use %M as an escape, instead of %D (still available).
623 The %M pattern expands to yyyymm, providing month-level resolution.
625 4. The $message_linecount variable is now updated for the maildir_tag option,
626 in the same way as $message_size, to reflect the real number of lines,
627 including any header additions or removals from transport.
629 5. When contacting a pool of SpamAssassin servers configured in spamd_address,
630 Exim now selects entries randomly, to better scale in a cluster setup.
636 1. SECURITY FIX: privilege escalation flaw fixed. On Linux (and only Linux)
637 the flaw permitted the Exim run-time user to cause root to append to
638 arbitrary files of the attacker's choosing, with the content based
639 on content supplied by the attacker.
641 2. Exim now supports loading some lookup types at run-time, using your
642 platform's dlopen() functionality. This has limited platform support
643 and the intention is not to support every variant, it's limited to
644 dlopen(). This permits the main Exim binary to not be linked against
645 all the libraries needed for all the lookup types.
651 NOTE: this version is not guaranteed backwards-compatible, please read the
652 items below carefully
654 1. A new main configuration option, "openssl_options", is available if Exim
655 is built with SSL support provided by OpenSSL. The option allows
656 administrators to specify OpenSSL options to be used on connections;
657 typically this is to set bug compatibility features which the OpenSSL
658 developers have not enabled by default. There may be security
659 consequences for certain options, so these should not be changed
662 2. A new pipe transport option, "permit_coredumps", may help with problem
663 diagnosis in some scenarios. Note that Exim is typically installed as
664 a setuid binary, which on most OSes will inhibit coredumps by default,
665 so that safety mechanism would have to be overridden for this option to
666 be able to take effect.
668 3. ClamAV 0.95 is now required for ClamAV support in Exim, unless
669 Local/Makefile sets: WITH_OLD_CLAMAV_STREAM=yes
670 Note that this switches Exim to use a new API ("INSTREAM") and a future
671 release of ClamAV will remove support for the old API ("STREAM").
673 The av_scanner option, when set to "clamd", now takes an optional third
674 part, "local", which causes Exim to pass a filename to ClamAV instead of
675 the file content. This is the same behaviour as when clamd is pointed at
676 a Unix-domain socket. For example:
678 av_scanner = clamd:192.0.2.3 1234:local
680 ClamAV's ExtendedDetectionInfo response format is now handled.
682 4. There is now a -bmalware option, restricted to admin users. This option
683 takes one parameter, a filename, and scans that file with Exim's
684 malware-scanning framework. This is intended purely as a debugging aid
685 to ensure that Exim's scanning is working, not to replace other tools.
686 Note that the ACL framework is not invoked, so if av_scanner references
687 ACL variables without a fallback then this will fail.
689 5. There is a new expansion operator, "reverse_ip", which will reverse IP
690 addresses; IPv4 into dotted quad, IPv6 into dotted nibble. Examples:
692 ${reverse_ip:192.0.2.4}
694 ${reverse_ip:2001:0db8:c42:9:1:abcd:192.0.2.3}
695 -> 3.0.2.0.0.0.0.c.d.c.b.a.1.0.0.0.9.0.0.0.2.4.c.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2
697 6. There is a new ACL control called "debug", to enable debug logging.
698 This allows selective logging of certain incoming transactions within
699 production environments, with some care. It takes two options, "tag"
700 and "opts"; "tag" is included in the filename of the log and "opts"
701 is used as per the -d<options> command-line option. Examples, which
702 don't all make sense in all contexts:
705 control = debug/tag=.$sender_host_address
706 control = debug/opts=+expand+acl
707 control = debug/tag=.$message_exim_id/opts=+expand
709 7. It has always been implicit in the design and the documentation that
710 "the Exim user" is not root. src/EDITME said that using root was
711 "very strongly discouraged". This is not enough to keep people from
712 shooting themselves in the foot in days when many don't configure Exim
713 themselves but via package build managers. The security consequences of
714 running various bits of network code are severe if there should be bugs in
715 them. As such, the Exim user may no longer be root. If configured
716 statically, Exim will refuse to build. If configured as ref:user then Exim
717 will exit shortly after start-up. If you must shoot yourself in the foot,
718 then henceforth you will have to maintain your own local patches to strip
721 8. There is a new expansion condition, bool_lax{}. Where bool{} uses the ACL
722 condition logic to determine truth/failure and will fail to expand many
723 strings, bool_lax{} uses the router condition logic, where most strings
725 Note: bool{00} is false, bool_lax{00} is true.
727 9. Routers now support multiple "condition" tests.
729 10. There is now a runtime configuration option "tcp_wrappers_daemon_name".
730 Setting this allows an admin to define which entry in the tcpwrappers
731 config file will be used to control access to the daemon. This option
732 is only available when Exim is built with USE_TCP_WRAPPERS. The
733 default value is set at build time using the TCP_WRAPPERS_DAEMON_NAME
736 11. [POSSIBLE CONFIG BREAKAGE] The default value for system_filter_user is now
737 the Exim run-time user, instead of root.
739 12. [POSSIBLE CONFIG BREAKAGE] ALT_CONFIG_ROOT_ONLY is no longer optional and
740 is forced on. This is mitigated by the new build option
741 TRUSTED_CONFIG_LIST which defines a list of configuration files which
742 are trusted; one per line. If a config file is owned by root and matches
743 a pathname in the list, then it may be invoked by the Exim build-time
744 user without Exim relinquishing root privileges.
746 13. [POSSIBLE CONFIG BREAKAGE] The Exim user is no longer automatically
747 trusted to supply -D<Macro[=Value]> overrides on the command-line. Going
748 forward, we recommend using TRUSTED_CONFIG_LIST with shim configs that
749 include the main config. As a transition mechanism, we are temporarily
750 providing a work-around: the new build option WHITELIST_D_MACROS provides
751 a colon-separated list of macro names which may be overridden by the Exim
752 run-time user. The values of these macros are constrained to the regex
753 ^[A-Za-z0-9_/.-]*$ (which explicitly does allow for empty values).
759 1. TWO SECURITY FIXES: one relating to mail-spools which are globally
760 writable, the other to locking of MBX folders (not mbox).
762 2. MySQL stored procedures are now supported.
764 3. The dkim_domain transport option is now a list, not a single string, and
765 messages will be signed for each element in the list (discarding
768 4. The 4.70 release unexpectedly changed the behaviour of dnsdb TXT lookups
769 in the presence of multiple character strings within the RR. Prior to 4.70,
770 only the first string would be returned. The dnsdb lookup now, by default,
771 preserves the pre-4.70 semantics, but also now takes an extended output
772 separator specification. The separator can be followed by a semicolon, to
773 concatenate the individual text strings together with no join character,
774 or by a comma and a second separator character, in which case the text
775 strings within a TXT record are joined on that second character.
776 Administrators are reminded that DNS provides no ordering guarantees
777 between multiple records in an RRset. For example:
779 foo.example. IN TXT "a" "b" "c"
780 foo.example. IN TXT "d" "e" "f"
782 ${lookup dnsdb{>/ txt=foo.example}} -> "a/d"
783 ${lookup dnsdb{>/; txt=foo.example}} -> "def/abc"
784 ${lookup dnsdb{>/,+ txt=foo.example}} -> "a+b+c/d+e+f"
790 1. Native DKIM support without an external library.
791 (Note that if no action to prevent it is taken, a straight upgrade will
792 result in DKIM verification of all signed incoming emails. See spec
793 for details on conditionally disabling)
795 2. Experimental DCC support via dccifd (contributed by Wolfgang Breyha).
797 3. There is now a bool{} expansion condition which maps certain strings to
798 true/false condition values (most likely of use in conjunction with the
799 and{} expansion operator).
801 4. The $spam_score, $spam_bar and $spam_report variables are now available
804 5. exim -bP now supports "macros", "macro_list" or "macro MACRO_NAME" as
805 options, provided that Exim is invoked by an admin_user.
807 6. There is a new option gnutls_compat_mode, when linked against GnuTLS,
808 which increases compatibility with older clients at the cost of decreased
809 security. Don't set this unless you need to support such clients.
811 7. There is a new expansion operator, ${randint:...} which will produce a
812 "random" number less than the supplied integer. This randomness is
813 not guaranteed to be cryptographically strong, but depending upon how
814 Exim was built may be better than the most naive schemes.
816 8. Exim now explicitly ensures that SHA256 is available when linked against
819 9. The transport_filter_timeout option now applies to SMTP transports too.
825 1. Preliminary DKIM support in Experimental.
831 1. The body_linecount and body_zerocount C variables are now exported in the
834 2. When a dnslists lookup succeeds, the key that was looked up is now placed
835 in $dnslist_matched. When the key is an IP address, it is not reversed in
836 this variable (though it is, of course, in the actual lookup). In simple
839 deny dnslists = spamhaus.example
841 the key is also available in another variable (in this case,
842 $sender_host_address). In more complicated cases, however, this is not
843 true. For example, using a data lookup might generate a dnslists lookup
846 deny dnslists = spamhaus.example/<|192.168.1.2|192.168.6.7|...
848 If this condition succeeds, the value in $dnslist_matched might be
849 192.168.6.7 (for example).
851 3. Authenticators now have a client_condition option. When Exim is running as
852 a client, it skips an authenticator whose client_condition expansion yields
853 "0", "no", or "false". This can be used, for example, to skip plain text
854 authenticators when the connection is not encrypted by a setting such as:
856 client_condition = ${if !eq{$tls_cipher}{}}
858 Note that the 4.67 documentation states that $tls_cipher contains the
859 cipher used for incoming messages. In fact, during SMTP delivery, it
860 contains the cipher used for the delivery. The same is true for
863 4. There is now a -Mvc <message-id> option, which outputs a copy of the
864 message to the standard output, in RFC 2822 format. The option can be used
865 only by an admin user.
867 5. There is now a /noupdate option for the ratelimit ACL condition. It
868 computes the rate and checks the limit as normal, but it does not update
869 the saved data. This means that, in relevant ACLs, it is possible to lookup
870 the existence of a specified (or auto-generated) ratelimit key without
871 incrementing the ratelimit counter for that key.
873 In order for this to be useful, another ACL entry must set the rate
874 for the same key somewhere (otherwise it will always be zero).
879 # Read the rate; if it doesn't exist or is below the maximum
881 deny ratelimit = 100 / 5m / strict / noupdate
882 log_message = RATE: $sender_rate / $sender_rate_period \
883 (max $sender_rate_limit)
885 [... some other logic and tests...]
887 warn ratelimit = 100 / 5m / strict / per_cmd
888 log_message = RATE UPDATE: $sender_rate / $sender_rate_period \
889 (max $sender_rate_limit)
890 condition = ${if le{$sender_rate}{$sender_rate_limit}}
894 6. The variable $max_received_linelength contains the number of bytes in the
895 longest line that was received as part of the message, not counting the
896 line termination character(s).
898 7. Host lists can now include +ignore_defer and +include_defer, analagous to
899 +ignore_unknown and +include_unknown. These options should be used with
900 care, probably only in non-critical host lists such as whitelists.
902 8. There's a new option called queue_only_load_latch, which defaults true.
903 If set false when queue_only_load is greater than zero, Exim re-evaluates
904 the load for each incoming message in an SMTP session. Otherwise, once one
905 message is queued, the remainder are also.
907 9. There is a new ACL, specified by acl_smtp_notquit, which is run in most
908 cases when an SMTP session ends without sending QUIT. However, when Exim
909 itself is is bad trouble, such as being unable to write to its log files,
910 this ACL is not run, because it might try to do things (such as write to
911 log files) that make the situation even worse.
913 Like the QUIT ACL, this new ACL is provided to make it possible to gather
914 statistics. Whatever it returns (accept or deny) is immaterial. The "delay"
915 modifier is forbidden in this ACL.
917 When the NOTQUIT ACL is running, the variable $smtp_notquit_reason is set
918 to a string that indicates the reason for the termination of the SMTP
919 connection. The possible values are:
921 acl-drop Another ACL issued a "drop" command
922 bad-commands Too many unknown or non-mail commands
923 command-timeout Timeout while reading SMTP commands
924 connection-lost The SMTP connection has been lost
925 data-timeout Timeout while reading message data
926 local-scan-error The local_scan() function crashed
927 local-scan-timeout The local_scan() function timed out
928 signal-exit SIGTERM or SIGINT
929 synchronization-error SMTP synchronization error
930 tls-failed TLS failed to start
932 In most cases when an SMTP connection is closed without having received
933 QUIT, Exim sends an SMTP response message before actually closing the
934 connection. With the exception of acl-drop, the default message can be
935 overridden by the "message" modifier in the NOTQUIT ACL. In the case of a
936 "drop" verb in another ACL, it is the message from the other ACL that is
939 10. For MySQL and PostgreSQL lookups, it is now possible to specify a list of
940 servers with individual queries. This is done by starting the query with
941 "servers=x:y:z;", where each item in the list may take one of two forms:
943 (1) If it is just a host name, the appropriate global option (mysql_servers
944 or pgsql_servers) is searched for a host of the same name, and the
945 remaining parameters (database, user, password) are taken from there.
947 (2) If it contains any slashes, it is taken as a complete parameter set.
949 The list of servers is used in exactly the same was as the global list.
950 Once a connection to a server has happened and a query has been
951 successfully executed, processing of the lookup ceases.
953 This feature is intended for use in master/slave situations where updates
954 are occurring, and one wants to update a master rather than a slave. If the
955 masters are in the list for reading, you might have:
957 mysql_servers = slave1/db/name/pw:slave2/db/name/pw:master/db/name/pw
959 In an updating lookup, you could then write
961 ${lookup mysql{servers=master; UPDATE ...}
963 If, on the other hand, the master is not to be used for reading lookups:
965 pgsql_servers = slave1/db/name/pw:slave2/db/name/pw
967 you can still update the master by
969 ${lookup pgsql{servers=master/db/name/pw; UPDATE ...}
971 11. The message_body_newlines option (default FALSE, for backwards
972 compatibility) can be used to control whether newlines are present in
973 $message_body and $message_body_end. If it is FALSE, they are replaced by
980 1. There is a new log selector called smtp_no_mail, which is not included in
981 the default setting. When it is set, a line is written to the main log
982 whenever an accepted SMTP connection terminates without having issued a
985 2. When an item in a dnslists list is followed by = and & and a list of IP
986 addresses, the behaviour was not clear when the lookup returned more than
987 one IP address. This has been solved by the addition of == and =& for "all"
988 rather than the default "any" matching.
990 3. Up till now, the only control over which cipher suites GnuTLS uses has been
991 for the cipher algorithms. New options have been added to allow some of the
992 other parameters to be varied.
994 4. There is a new compile-time option called ENABLE_DISABLE_FSYNC. When it is
995 set, Exim compiles a runtime option called disable_fsync.
997 5. There is a new variable called $smtp_count_at_connection_start.
999 6. There's a new control called no_pipelining.
1001 7. There are two new variables called $sending_ip_address and $sending_port.
1002 These are set whenever an SMTP connection to another host has been set up.
1004 8. The expansion of the helo_data option in the smtp transport now happens
1005 after the connection to the server has been made.
1007 9. There is a new expansion operator ${rfc2047d: that decodes strings that
1008 are encoded as per RFC 2047.
1010 10. There is a new log selector called "pid", which causes the current process
1011 id to be added to every log line, in square brackets, immediately after the
1014 11. Exim has been modified so that it flushes SMTP output before implementing
1015 a delay in an ACL. It also flushes the output before performing a callout,
1016 as this can take a substantial time. These behaviours can be disabled by
1017 obeying control = no_delay_flush or control = no_callout_flush,
1018 respectively, at some earlier stage of the connection.
1020 12. There are two new expansion conditions that iterate over a list. They are
1021 called forany and forall.
1023 13. There's a new global option called dsn_from that can be used to vary the
1024 contents of From: lines in bounces and other automatically generated
1025 messages ("delivery status notifications" - hence the name of the option).
1027 14. The smtp transport has a new option called hosts_avoid_pipelining.
1029 15. By default, exigrep does case-insensitive matches. There is now a -I option
1030 that makes it case-sensitive.
1032 16. A number of new features ("addresses", "map", "filter", and "reduce") have
1033 been added to string expansions to make it easier to process lists of
1034 items, typically addresses.
1036 17. There's a new ACL modifier called "continue". It does nothing of itself,
1037 and processing of the ACL always continues with the next condition or
1038 modifier. It is provided so that the side effects of expanding its argument
1041 18. It is now possible to use newline and other control characters (those with
1042 values less than 32, plus DEL) as separators in lists.
1044 19. The exigrep utility now has a -v option, which inverts the matching
1047 20. The host_find_failed option in the manualroute router can now be set to
1054 No new features were added to 4.66.
1060 No new features were added to 4.65.
1066 1. ACL variables can now be given arbitrary names, as long as they start with
1067 "acl_c" or "acl_m" (for connection variables and message variables), are at
1068 least six characters long, with the sixth character being either a digit or
1071 2. There is a new ACL modifier called log_reject_target. It makes it possible
1072 to specify which logs are used for messages about ACL rejections.
1074 3. There is a new authenticator called "dovecot". This is an interface to the
1075 authentication facility of the Dovecot POP/IMAP server, which can support a
1076 number of authentication methods.
1078 4. The variable $message_headers_raw provides a concatenation of all the
1079 messages's headers without any decoding. This is in contrast to
1080 $message_headers, which does RFC2047 decoding on the header contents.
1082 5. In a DNS black list, if two domain names, comma-separated, are given, the
1083 second is used first to do an initial check, making use of any IP value
1084 restrictions that are set. If there is a match, the first domain is used,
1085 without any IP value restrictions, to get the TXT record.
1087 6. All authenticators now have a server_condition option.
1089 7. There is a new command-line option called -Mset. It is useful only in
1090 conjunction with -be (that is, when testing string expansions). It must be
1091 followed by a message id; Exim loads the given message from its spool
1092 before doing the expansions.
1094 8. Another similar new command-line option is called -bem. It operates like
1095 -be except that it must be followed by the name of a file that contains a
1098 9. When an address is delayed because of a 4xx response to a RCPT command, it
1099 is now the combination of sender and recipient that is delayed in
1100 subsequent queue runs until its retry time is reached.
1102 10. Unary negation and the bitwise logical operators and, or, xor, not, and
1103 shift, have been added to the eval: and eval10: expansion items.
1105 11. The variables $interface_address and $interface_port have been renamed
1106 as $received_ip_address and $received_port, to make it clear that they
1107 relate to message reception rather than delivery. (The old names remain
1108 available for compatibility.)
1110 12. The "message" modifier can now be used on "accept" and "discard" acl verbs
1111 to vary the message that is sent when an SMTP command is accepted.
1117 1. There is a new Boolean option called filter_prepend_home for the redirect
1120 2. There is a new acl, set by acl_not_smtp_start, which is run right at the
1121 start of receiving a non-SMTP message, before any of the message has been
1124 3. When an SMTP error message is specified in a "message" modifier in an ACL,
1125 or in a :fail: or :defer: message in a redirect router, Exim now checks the
1126 start of the message for an SMTP error code.
1128 4. There is a new parameter for LDAP lookups called "referrals", which takes
1129 one of the settings "follow" (the default) or "nofollow".
1131 5. Version 20070721.2 of exipick now included, offering these new options:
1133 After all other sorting options have bee processed, reverse order
1134 before displaying messages (-R is synonym).
1136 Randomize order of matching messages before displaying.
1138 Instead of displaying the matching messages, display the sum
1140 --sort <variable>[,<variable>...]
1141 Before displaying matching messages, sort the messages according to
1142 each messages value for each variable.
1144 Negate the value for every test (returns inverse output from the
1145 same criteria without --not).
1151 1. The ${readsocket expansion item now supports Internet domain sockets as well
1152 as Unix domain sockets. If the first argument begins "inet:", it must be of
1153 the form "inet:host:port". The port is mandatory; it may be a number or the
1154 name of a TCP port in /etc/services. The host may be a name, or it may be an
1155 IP address. An ip address may optionally be enclosed in square brackets.
1156 This is best for IPv6 addresses. For example:
1158 ${readsocket{inet:[::1]:1234}{<request data>}...
1160 Only a single host name may be given, but if looking it up yield more than
1161 one IP address, they are each tried in turn until a connection is made. Once
1162 a connection has been made, the behaviour is as for ${readsocket with a Unix
1165 2. If a redirect router sets up file or pipe deliveries for more than one
1166 incoming address, and the relevant transport has batch_max set greater than
1167 one, a batch delivery now occurs.
1169 3. The appendfile transport has a new option called maildirfolder_create_regex.
1170 Its value is a regular expression. For a maildir delivery, this is matched
1171 against the maildir directory; if it matches, Exim ensures that a
1172 maildirfolder file is created alongside the new, cur, and tmp directories.
1178 The documentation is up-to-date for the 4.61 release. Major new features since
1179 the 4.60 release are:
1181 . An option called disable_ipv6, to disable the use of IPv6 completely.
1183 . An increase in the number of ACL variables to 20 of each type.
1185 . A change to use $auth1, $auth2, and $auth3 in authenticators instead of $1,
1186 $2, $3, (though those are still set) because the numeric variables get used
1187 for other things in complicated expansions.
1189 . The default for rfc1413_query_timeout has been changed from 30s to 5s.
1191 . It is possible to use setclassresources() on some BSD OS to control the
1192 resources used in pipe deliveries.
1194 . A new ACL modifier called add_header, which can be used with any verb.
1196 . More errors are detectable in retry rules.
1198 There are a number of other additions too.
1204 The documentation is up-to-date for the 4.60 release. Major new features since
1205 the 4.50 release are:
1207 . Support for SQLite.
1209 . Support for IGNOREQUOTA in LMTP.
1211 . Extensions to the "submission mode" features.
1213 . Support for Client SMTP Authorization (CSA).
1215 . Support for ratelimiting hosts and users.
1217 . New expansion items to help with the BATV "prvs" scheme.
1219 . A "match_ip" condition, that matches an IP address against a list.
1221 There are many more minor changes.
projects / exim.git / blob