--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG
+encryption</title>
+<meta name="keywords" content="GnuPG, GPG, openpgp, surveillance, privacy,
+email, security, GnuPG2" />
+<meta name="description" content="Email surveillance violates our fundamental
+rights and makes free speech risky. This guide will teach you email
+self-defense in 40 minutes with GnuPG." />
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/css/main.css" />
+<link rel="shortcut icon"
+href="../static/img/favicon.ico" />
+</head>
+
+<body><iframe src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2021fundraiser-spring/" style="width: 100%; height: 150px; display: block; margin: 0; border: 0 none; overflow: hidden;"></iframe>
+<!--<div style="text-align: center; padding: 2.5px; background-color: #a94442; color:#fcf8e3;"><p>Due to Enigmail's PGP functionality being migrated into Icedove and Thunderbird, steps 2 and 3 of the guide are currently out of date.</p><p> Thank you for your patience while we're working on a new round of updates.</p></div>-->
+
+<!-- PLACE FUNDRAISER MODAL WINDOW HERE -->
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+ <h2>Move freedom forward with a donation to the FSF!</h2>
+ </div>
+ <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-left-column">
+ <div id="fsf-modal-window-elem-text">
+
+<p>
+
+Without free software, we cannot and will not have a free society. <b>We rely on donations from people like you, who use and appreciate our work.</b> Fuel our journey forward, and help us reach our ultimate destination: full software freedom.
+
+</p>
+
+<p>
+
+Support us with a donation today, and help us maximize our summer fundraising goal by donating before July 19 – Every contribution will be matched dollar for dollar by our generous donors up to USD 11,000.
+
+</p>
+
+<p><span id="fsf-modal-window-text-link"><a href="https://www.fsf.org/appeal?mtm_campaign=summer21&mtm_kwd=learn-more&mtm_source=modal">Read more</a> | <a href="https://my.fsf.org/join?mtm_campaign=summer21&mtm_source=modal">Join</a></span></p>
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+//fsfModalWindowElemFollowedLink();"><i class="fa fa-check-circle"> </i>Join</a>
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+
+ <div style="background-color:#fdf7b9">
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+//fsfModalWindowElemFollowedLink();"><i class="fa fa-refresh"> </i>Renew</a>
+ </div>
+
+ <div style="background-color:#3a5b2c; border-bottom-right-radius: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 20px; margin-bottom: 2px">
+ <a style="text-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #c2d831;" href="https://my.fsf.org/donate?mtm_campaign=summer21&mtm_source=modal" onclick="/* LibreJS: script accepted. */
+//fsfModalWindowElemFollowedLink();"><i class="fa fa-money"> </i>Donate</a>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <script>/* LibreJS: script accepted. */
+// @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:1f739d935676111cfff4b4693e3816e664797050&dn=gpl-3.0.txt GPL-3.0
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+
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+ document.getElementById("fsf-modal-window-elem-text").innerHTML =' \
+\
+<p>Without free software, we cannot and will not have a free society. <b>We rely on donations from people like you, who use and appreciate our work.<\/b> Fuel our journey forward, and help us reach our ultimate destination: full software freedom.<\/p><p>Support us with a donation today, and help us maximize our summer fundraising goal by donating before July 19 \&ndash\; Every contribution will be matched dollar for dollar by our generous donors up to USD 11,000.<\/p> \
+\
+<p><span id="fsf-modal-window-text-link"><a href="https://www.fsf.org/appeal?mtm_campaign=summer21&mtm_kwd=learn-more&mtm_source=modal">Read more<\/a> | <a href="https://my.fsf.org/join?mtm_campaign=summer21&mtm_source=modal">Join<\/a><\/span><\/p>';
+}
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+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ GnuPG Header and introduction text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<header class="row" id="header"><div>
+
+
+<h1>Email Self-Defense</h1>
+
+<!-- Language list for browsers that do not have JS enabled -->
+<ul id="languages" class="os">
+<!--<li><a class="current" href="/en">English - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/cs">čeština - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/de">Deutsch - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/el">ελληνικά - v3.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/es">español - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/fa">فارسی - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/fr">français - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/it">italiano - v3.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/ja">日本語 - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/pt-br">português do Brasil - v3.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/ro">română - v3.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/ru">русский - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/sq">Shqip - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/sv">svenska - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/tr">Türkçe - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/zh-hans">简体中文 - v4.0</a></li>-->
+<li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Translation_Guide">
+<strong><span style="color: #2F5FAA;">Translate!</span></strong></a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul id="menu" class="os">
+<li class="spacer"><a href="index.html" class="current">Set up guide</a></li>
+<!--<li><a href="mac.html">Mac OS</a></li>-->
+<!--<li><a href="windows.html">Windows</a></li>-->
+<li class="spacer"><a href="workshops.html">Teach your friends</a></li>
+<li class="spacer"><a
+href="https://fsf.org/share?u=https://u.fsf.org/zb&t=Email%20encryption%20for%20everyone%20via%20%40fsf">
+Share
+<img src="../static/img/gnu-social.png" class="share-logo"
+alt="[GNU Social]" />
+<img src="../static/img/mastodon.png" class="share-logo"
+alt="[Mastodon]" />
+<img src="../static/img/reddit-alien.png" class="share-logo"
+alt="[Reddit]" />
+<img src="../static/img/hacker-news.png" class="share-logo"
+alt="[Hacker News]" /></a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ FSF Introduction ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="fsf-intro">
+
+<h3><a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys"><img
+alt="Free Software Foundation"
+src="../static/img/fsf-logo.png" />
+</a></h3>
+
+<div class="fsf-emphasis">
+
+<p>We fight for computer users' rights, and promote the development of free (as
+in freedom) software. Resisting bulk surveillance is very important to us.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Please donate to support Email Self-Defense. We need to keep
+improving it, and making more materials, for the benefit of people around
+the world taking the first step towards protecting their privacy.</strong></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><a
+href="https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=14&mtm_campaign=email_self_defense&mtm_kwd=guide_donate"><img
+alt="Donate"
+src="../static/img/en/donate.png" /></a></p>
+
+</div><!-- End #fsf-intro -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Guide Introduction ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="intro">
+
+<p><a id="infographic" href="infographic.html"><img
+src="../static/img/en/infographic-button.png"
+alt="View & share our infographic →" /></a>
+Bulk surveillance violates our fundamental rights and makes free speech
+risky. This guide will teach you a basic surveillance self-defense skill: email
+encryption. Once you've finished, you'll be able to send and receive emails
+that are scrambled to make sure a surveillance agent or thief intercepting
+your email can't read them. All you need is a computer with an Internet
+connection, an email account, and about forty minutes.</p>
+
+<p>Even if you have nothing to hide, using encryption helps protect the privacy
+of people you communicate with, and makes life difficult for bulk surveillance
+systems. If you do have something important to hide, you're in good company;
+these are the same tools that whistleblowers use to protect their identities
+while shining light on human rights abuses, corruption, and other crimes.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to using encryption, standing up
+to surveillance requires fighting politically for a <a
+href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">reduction
+in the amount of data collected on us</a>, but the essential first step is
+to protect yourself and make surveillance of your communication as difficult
+as possible. This guide helps you do that. It is designed for beginners, but
+if you already know the basics of GnuPG or are an experienced free software
+user, you'll enjoy the advanced tips and the <a href="workshops.html">guide
+to teaching your friends</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .intro -->
+</div></header><!-- End #header -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 1: Get the pieces ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section class="row" id="section1"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro">
+
+<h2><em>#1</em> Get the pieces</h2>
+
+<p class="notes">This guide relies on software which is <a
+href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">freely licensed</a>;
+it's completely transparent and anyone can copy it or make their
+own version. This makes it safer from surveillance than proprietary
+software (like Windows or macOS). Learn more about free software at <a
+href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">fsf.org</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Most GNU/Linux operating systems come with GnuPG installed on them, so if you're running one of these systems, you don't have to download it. If you're running macOS or Windows, steps to download GnuPG are below. "Before configuring your encryption setup with this guide, though, you'll need a desktop email program installed on your computer. Many GNU/Linux distributions have one installed already, such as Icedove, which may be under the alternate name "Thunderbird." Programs like these are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like Gmail), but provide extra features.</p>
+
+<p>If you already have an email program, you can skip to <a
+href="#section2">Step 2</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-1a" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step1a-install-wizard.png"
+alt="Step 1.A: Install Wizard" /></p>
+
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 1.a</em> Set up your email program with your email account</h3>
+
+<p>Open your email program and follow the wizard (step-by-step walkthrough)
+that sets it up with your email account. This usually starts from "Account Settings" → "Add Mail Account". You should get the email server settings from your systems administrator or the help section of your email account.</p>
+<br />
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
+
+<dl>
+<dt>The wizard doesn't launch</dt>
+<dd>You can launch the wizard yourself, but the menu option for doing so is
+named differently in each email program. The button to launch it will be in
+the program's main menu, under "New" or something similar, titled something
+like "Add account" or "New/Existing email account."</dd>
+
+<dt>The wizard can't find my account or isn't downloading my mail</dt>
+<dd>Before searching the Web, we recommend you start by asking other people
+who use your email system, to figure out the correct settings.</dd>
+
+<dt>I can't find the menu</dt>
+<dd>In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of
+three stacked horizontal bars.</dd>
+
+<dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
+<dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
+href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback
+page</a>.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step1-a .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-1b" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 1.b</em> Get your terminal ready and install GnuPG</h3>
+
+<p>If you are using a GNU/Linux machine, you should already have GnuPG installed, and you can skip to <a href="#section2">Step 2</a>.</p>
+<p>If you are using a macOS or Windows machine, however, you need to first install the GnuPG program. Select your operating system below and follow the steps. For the rest of the steps in this guide, the steps are the same for all operating systems. </p>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ MACOS ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>MacOS</h4>
+
+<dl>
+<dt>Use a third-party package manager to install GnuPG</dt>
+<dd>Your macOS comes with a program called "Terminal" pre-installed, which we'll use to set up your encryption with GnuPG, using the command line. However, the default macOS package manager makes it difficult to install GnuPG and other pieces of free software (like Emacs, GIMP, or Inkscape).<br>
+To make things easier, we recommend setting up the third-party package manager "Homebrew" to install GnuPG. Copy the link on the home page of <a href="https://brew.sh/">Homebrew</a> and paste it in Terminal. Click "Enter" and wait for it to finalize.<br>
+When it is done, install the program by entering the following code in Terminal:<br>
+<span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">brew install gnupg gnupg2</span>. After installation is done, you can follow the steps of the rest of this guide.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ WINDOWS ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>Windows</h4>
+
+<dl>
+<dt>Get GnuPG by downloading GPG4Win</dt>
+<dd><a href="https://www.gpg4win.org/">GPG4Win</a> is a email and file encryption software package that includes GnuPG. Download and install the latest version, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.<br>
+
+
+<p class="notes">To follow the rest of the steps in this guide, you'll use the program called "PowerShell", which is a program you'll see elsewhere referred to as a "terminal." This allows you to operate your computer using the command line.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step1-b .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="terminology" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?</h3>
+
+<p>In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP
+are used interchangeably. Technically, OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the
+encryption standard, and GNU Privacy Guard (often shortened to GPG or GnuPG)
+is the program that implements the standard. Most email programs provide an interface for GnuPG. There is also a newer version of GnuPG, called GnuPG2.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #terminology.step-->
+
+</div></section><!-- End #section1 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 2: Make your keys ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section id="section2" class="row"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro">
+
+<h2><em>#2</em> Make your keys</h2>
+<p><img style="float:right; width:400px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2a-01-make-keypair.png" alt="A robot with a head shaped like a key holding a private and a public key"/></p>
+
+<p>To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known
+together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers
+and letters that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked
+together by a special mathematical function.</p>
+
+<p>Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open
+in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it,
+along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the
+keyserver as a phonebook; people who want to send you encrypted email can
+look up your public key.</p>
+
+<p>Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to
+yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key together to
+descramble encrypted emails other people send to you. <span style="font-weight:
+bold;">You should never share your private key with anyone, under any
+circumstances.</span></p>
+
+<p>In addition to encryption and decryption, you can also use these keys to
+sign messages and check the authenticity of other people's signatures. We'll
+discuss this more in the next section.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-2a" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2a-02-make-keypair.png"
+alt="Step 2.A: Make your Keypair" /></p>
+<br />
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2a-03-make-keypair.png"
+alt="Step 2.A: Set your passphrase" /></p>
+<br />
+
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 2.a</em> Make a keypair</h3>
+<h6>Make your keypair</h6>
+<p>Open a terminal using <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ctrl + alt + t</span> (on GNU/linux), or find it in your applications, and use the following code to create your keypair:</p>
+
+<p class="notes">We will use the command line in a terminal to create a keypair using the GnuPG program. A terminal should be installed on your GNU/Linux operating system, if you are using a macOS or Windows OS system, use the programs "Terminal" (macOS) or "PowerShell" (Windows) that were also used in section 1.</p>
+
+<p># <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --full-generate-key</span> to start the process.</p>
+<p># To answer what kind of key you would like to create, select the default option <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;"> 1 RSA and RSA</span>.</p>
+<p># Enter the following keysize: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">4096</span> for a strong key.</p>
+<p># Choose the expiration date, we suggest <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">2y</span> (2 years).</p>
+<p>Follow the prompts to continue setting up with your personal details.</p>
+
+<br />
+<h6>Set your passphrase</h6>
+<p>On the screen titled "Passphrase," pick a strong password! You can
+do it manually, or you can use the Diceware method. Doing it manually
+is faster but not as secure. Using Diceware takes longer and requires
+dice, but creates a password that is much harder for attackers to figure
+out. To use it, read the section "Make a secure passphrase with Diceware" in <a
+href="https://theintercept.com/2015/03/26/passphrases-can-memorize-attackers-cant-guess/">
+this article</a> by Micah Lee.</p>
+
+
+<p>If you'd like to pick a passphrase manually, come up with something
+you can remember which is at least twelve characters long, and includes
+at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or
+punctuation symbol. Never pick a password you've used elsewhere. Don't use
+any recognizable patterns, such as birthdays, telephone numbers, pets' names,
+song lyrics, quotes from books, and so on.</p>
+
+<br />
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
+<dl>
+<dt>GnuPG is not installed</dt>
+<dd>
+GPG is not installed. You can check if this is the case with the command <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --version</span>.
+If GnuPG is not installed, it would bring up the following result on most GNU/Linux operating systems, or something like it:
+<span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">Command 'gpg' not found, but can be installed with:
+ sudo apt install gnupg</span>. Follow that command and install the program.</dd>
+
+<dt>I took too long to create my passphrase</dt>
+<dd>That's okay. It's important to think about your passphrase. When you're ready, just follow the steps from the beginning again to create your key.</dd>
+
+<dt>How can I see my key?</dt>
+<dd>
+Use the following command to see all keys <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --list-keys</span>. Yours should be listed in there, and later, so will Edward's (<a href="#section3">section 3</a>). If you want to see only your key, you can use <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --list-key [your@email]</span>.
+You can also use <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --list-secret-key</span> to see your own private key.</dd>
+
+<dt>More resources</dt>
+<dd>For more information about this process, you can also refer to <a
+href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/c14.html#AEN25">The GNU Privacy
+Handbook</a>. Make sure you stick with "RSA and RSA" (the default),
+because it's newer and more secure than the algorithms the documentation
+recommends. Also make sure your key is at least 4096 bits if you
+want to be secure.</dd>
+
+<dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
+<dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
+href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback
+page</a>.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>Advanced</h4>
+<dl>
+<dt>Advanced key pairs</dt>
+<dd>When GnuPG creates a new keypair, it compartmentalizes
+the encryption function from the signing function through <a
+href="https://wiki.debian.org/Subkeys">subkeys</a>. If you use
+subkeys carefully, you can keep your GnuPG identity more
+secure and recover from a compromised key much more quickly. <a
+href="https://alexcabal.com/creating-the-perfect-gpg-keypair/">Alex Cabal</a>
+and <a href="https://keyring.debian.org/creating-key.html">the Debian wiki</a>
+provide good guides for setting up a secure subkey configuration.</dd>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-2a .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-2b" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step2b-04-upload-and-certificate.png"
+alt="Step 2.B: Send to server and generate a certificate" /></p>
+
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 2.b</em> Some important steps following creation</h3>
+
+<h6>Upload your key to a keyserver</h6>
+<p>We will upload your key to a keyserver, so if someone wants to send you an encrypted message, they can download your public key from the Internet. There are multiple keyservers
+that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies
+of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes
+takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.</p>
+<p># Copy your keyID <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-key [your@email]</span> will list your public ("pub") key information, including your keyID, which is a unique list of numbers and letters. Copy this keyID, so you can use it in the following command.</p>
+<p># Upload your key to a server: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --send-key [keyID]</span></p>
+
+<br />
+
+<h6>Export your key to a file</h6>
+<p>Use the following command to export your secret key so you can import it into your email client at the next <a href=#section3>step</a>. To avoid getting your key compromised, store this in a safe place, and make sure that if it is transferred, it is done so in a trusted way. Exporting your keys can be done with the following commands:</p>
+
+<span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
+$ gpg --export-secret-keys -a keyid > my_secret_key.asc<br>
+$ gpg --export -a keyid > my_public_key.asc<br>
+</span><br />
+
+<br />
+
+<h6>Generate a revocation certificate</h6>
+<p>Just in case you lose your key, or it gets compromised, you want to generate a certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer for now (please refer to <a href="#step-6c"> step 6.C</a> for how to best store your revocation cerficate safely). This step is essential for your email self-defense, as you'll learn more about in <a href="#section5">Section 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p># Copy your keyID <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gnupg --list-key [your@email]</span> will list your public ("pub") key information, including your keyID, which is a unique list of numbers and letters. Copy this keyID, so you can use it in the following command.</p>
+<p># Generate a revocation certificate: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">gpg --output revoke.asc [keyID]</span></p>
+<p># It will prompt you to give a reason for revocation, we recommend to use <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">1 "key has been compromised"</span></p>
+<p># You don't have to fill in a reason, but you can, then press enter for an empty line, and comfirm your selection.</p>
+
+<br />
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
+
+<dl>
+<dt>My key doesn't seem to be working or I get a "permission denied."</dt>
+<dd>Like every other file or folder, gpg keys are subject to permissions. If these are not set correctly, your system may not be accepting your keys. You can follow the next steps to check, and update to the right permissions.<br><br>
+
+# Check your permissions: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ls -l ~/.gnupg/*</span><br><br>
+# Set permissions to read, write, execute for only yourself, no others. This is the recommended permission for your folder. <br>
+You can use the code <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">chmod 700 ~/.gnupg</span><br><br>
+# Set permissions to read and write for yourself only, no others. This is the recommended permission for the keys inside your folder. <br>
+You can use the code: <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">chmod 600 ~/.gnupg/*</span><br><br>
+
+<p class="notes"><p>If you have (for any reason) created your own folders inside ~/.gnupg, you must also additionally apply execute permissions to that folder. Folders require execution privileges to be opened. For more information on permissions, you can check out <a href="https://helpdeskgeek.com/linux-tips/understanding-linux-permissions-chmod-usage/">this detailed information guide</a>.<br>
+</dd>
+<dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
+<dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
+href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback
+page</a>.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>Advanced</h4>
+
+<dl>
+<dt>More about keyservers</dt>
+<dd>You can find some more keyserver information<a
+href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x457.html"> in this manual</a>. <a
+href="https://sks-keyservers.net/overview-of-pools.php">The sks Web site</a>
+maintains a list of highly interconnected keyservers. You can also <a
+href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x56.html#AEN64">directly export
+your key</a> as a file on your computer.</dd>
+
+<dt>Transferring your keys</dt>
+<dd>Use the following commands to transfer your keys. To avoid getting your key compromised, store it in a safe place, and make sure that if it is transferred, it is done so in a trusted way. Importing and exporting a key can be done with the following commands:<br>
+
+<span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
+$ gpg --export-secret-keys -a keyid > my_private_key.asc<br>
+$ gpg --export -a keyid > my_public_key.asc<br>
+$ gpg --import my_private_key.asc<br>
+$ gpg --import my_public_key.asc<br>
+</span>
+
+<p>Ensure that the keyID printed is the correct one, and if so, then go ahead and add ultimate trust for it:</p>
+<span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">
+$ gpg --edit-key [your@email]
+</span><br>
+
+Because this is your key, you should choose <span style="color:#2f5faa; font-family: monospace;">ultimate</span>. You shouldn't trust anyone else's key ultimately.
+
+<p class="notes"> Refer to <a href="#step-2b">troubleshoot in step 2.B</a> for more information on permissions. When transferring keys, your permissions may get mixed, and errors may be prompted. These are easily avoided when your folders and files have the right permissions</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-2b .step -->
+</div></section><!-- End #section2 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 3: Set up email encryption ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section id="section3" class="row"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro">
+
+<h2><em>#3</em> Set up email encryption</h2>
+<p class="notes"><p>The Icedove (or Thunderbird) email program has PGP functionality integrated, which makes it pretty easy to work with. We'll take you through the steps of integrating and using your key in these email clients.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-3a" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-open-key-manager.png"
+alt="Step 3.A: Email Menu" /></p>
+<br />
+<p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-import-from-file.png"
+alt="Step 3.A: Import From File" /></p>
+<br />
+<p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-success.png"
+alt="Step 3.A: Success" /></p>
+<br />
+<p><img src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step3a-troubleshoot.png"
+alt="Step 3.A: Troubleshoot" /></p>
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 3.a</em> Set up your email with encryption</h3>
+Once you have set up your email with encryption, you can start contributing to encrypted traffic on the Internet. First we'll get your email client to import your secret key, and we will also learn how to get other people's public keys from servers so you can send and receive encrypted email.
+
+<p># Open your email client and use "Tools" → <span style="color:#2f5faa;">OpenPGP Manager</span></p>
+<p># Under "File" → <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Import Secret Key(s) From File</span></p>
+<p># Select the file you saved under the name [my_secret_key.asc] in step <a href="#step-3b">step 3.b</a> when you exported your key</p>
+<p># Unlock with your passphrase</p>
+<p># You will receive a "OpenPGP keys successfully imported" window to confirm success</p>
+<p># Go to "Edit" (in Icedove) or "Tools" (in Thunderbird) → "Account settings" → "End-To-End Encryption," and make sure your key is imported and select <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Treat this key as a Personal Key</span>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="main">
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+<h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
+<dl>
+<dt>I'm not sure the import worked correctly</dt>
+<dd>
+Look for "Account settings" → "End-To-End Encryption" (Under "Edit" (in Icedove) or "Tools" (in Thunderbird)). Here you can see if your personal key associated with this email is found. If it is not, you can try again via the <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Add key</span> option. Make sure you have the correct, active, secret key file.
+</dd>
+
+<dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
+<dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
+href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback
+page</a>.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step3-a .step -->
+</div></section><!-- End #section3 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 4: Try it out ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section class="row" id="section4"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro">
+
+<h2><em>#4</em> Try it out!</h2>
+<p><img style="float:right; width:250px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section3-try-it-out.png" alt="Illustration of a person in a house with a cat connected to a server"/></p>
+<p>Now you'll try a test correspondence with an FSF computer program named Edward,
+who knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same
+steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.</p>
+
+<!-- <p>NOTE: Edward is currently having some technical difficulties, so he
+may take a long time to respond, or not respond at all. We're sorry about
+this and we're working hard to fix it. Your key will still work even without
+testing with Edward.</p> -->
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-4a" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4a-send-key-to-Edward.png"
+alt="Step 4.A Send key to Edward." /></p>
+
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 4.a</em> Send Edward your public key</h3>
+
+<p>This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding
+with real people. In your email program's menu, go to "Tools" → "OpenPGP Key
+Manager." You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click
+on your key and select <span style="color:#2f5faa;">Send Public Keys by Email</span>. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the "Write" button, but in the attachment you will find your public keyfile.</p>
+
+<p>Address the message to <a
+href="mailto:edward-en@fsf.org">edward-en@fsf.org</a>. Put at least one word
+(whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email. Don't send yet.</p>
+
+<p>We want Edward to be able to open the email with your keyfile, so we want this first special message to be unencrypted. Make sure encryption is turned off by using the dropdown menu "Security" and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Do Not Encrypt</span>. Once encryption is off, hit Send.</p>
+
+<p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Edward to
+respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a
+href="#section6">Use it Well</a> section of this guide. Once you have received a response,
+head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as
+when corresponding with a real person.</p>
+
+<p>When you open Edward's reply, GnuPG may prompt you for your passphrase
+before using your private key to decrypt it.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-4a .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-4b" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4b-option1-verify-key.png"
+alt="Step 4.B Option 1. Verify key" /></p>
+
+<br />
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4b-option2-import-key.png"
+alt="Step 4.B Option 2. Import key" /></p>
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 4.b</em> Send a test encrypted email</h3>
+<h6>Get Edward's key</h6>
+<p>To encrypt an email to Edward, you need its public key, so now you'll have
+to download it from a keyserver. You can do this in two different ways:</p>
+<p><strong>Option 1.</strong> In the email answer you received from Edward as a response to your first email, Edward's public key was included. On the right of the email, just above the writing area, you will find an "OpenPGP" button that has a lock and a little wheel next to it. Click that, and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Discover</span> next to the text: "This message was sent with a key that you don't have yet." A popup with Edward's key details will follow.
+
+<p><strong>Option 2.</strong> Open your OpenPGP manager and under "Keyserver" choose <span style="color:#2f5faa">Discover Keys Online</span>. Here, fill in Edward's email address, and import Edward's key.
+
+<p>The option <span style="color:#2f5faa">Accepted (unverified)</span> will add this key to your key manager, and now it can be used to send encrypted emails and to verify digital signatures from Edward.</p>
+
+<p class="notes">In the popup window confirming if you want to import Edward's key, you'll see many different emails that are all associated with its key. This is correct; you can safely import the key.</p>
+
+<p class="notes">Since you encrypted this email with Edward's public key,
+Edward's private key is required to decrypt it. Edward is the only one with
+its private key, so no one except Edward can decrypt it.</p>
+
+<br />
+<h6>Send Edward an encrypted email</h6>
+
+<p> Write a new email in your email program, addressed to <a
+href="mailto:edward-en@fsf.org">edward-en@fsf.org</a>. Make the subject
+"Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body.</p>
+
+<p>This time, make sure encryption is turned on by using the dropdown menu "Security" and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Require Encryption</span>. Once encryption is on, hit Send.</p>
+
+<br />
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>Troubleshooting</h4>
+
+<dl>
+<dt>"Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found"</dt>
+<dd>You may be trying to send an encrypted email to someone when you do not have their public key yet. Make sure you follow the steps above to import the key to your key manager. Open OpenPGP Key Manager to make sure the recipient is listed there.</dd>
+
+<dt>Unable to send message</dt>
+<dd>You could get the following message when trying to send your encrypted email: "Unable to send this message with end-to-end encryption, because there are problems with the keys of the following recipients: edward-en@fsf.org." This usually means you imported the key with the "unaccepted (unverified) option." Go to the "key properties" of this key by right clicking on the key in the OpenPGP Key Manager, and select the option <span style="color:#2f5faa">Yes, but I have not verified that this is the correct key</span> in the "Acceptance" option at the bottom of this window. Resend the email.</dd>
+
+<dt>I can't find Edward's key</dt>
+<dd>Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked Send. Make sure
+you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat
+the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.</dd>
+
+<dt>Unscrambled messages in the Sent folder</dt>
+<dd>Even though you can't decrypt messages encrypted to someone else's key,
+your email program will automatically save a copy encrypted to your public key,
+which you'll be able to view from the Sent folder like a normal email. This
+is normal, and it doesn't mean that your email was not sent encrypted.</dd>
+
+<dt class="feedback">Don't see a solution to your problem?</dt>
+<dd class="feedback">Please let us know on the <a
+href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">feedback
+page</a>.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>Advanced</h4>
+
+<dl>
+<dt>Encrypt messages from the command line</dt>
+<dd>You can also encrypt and decrypt messages and files from the <a
+href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x110.html">command line</a>,
+if that's your preference. The option --armor makes the encrypted output
+appear in the regular character set.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-4b .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-headers_unencrypted" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Important:</em> Security tips</h3>
+
+<p>Even if you encrypt your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so
+don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses
+aren't encrypted either, so a surveillance system can still figure out who
+you're communicating with. Also, surveillance agents will know that you're
+using GnuPG, even if they can't figure out what you're saying. When you
+send attachments, you can choose to encrypt them or not,
+independent of the actual email.</p>
+
+<p>For greater security against potential attacks, you can turn off
+HTML. Instead, you can render the message body as plain text. In order
+to do this in Icedove or Thunderbird, go to View > Message Body As > Plain
+Text.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-headers_unencrypted .step-->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-4c" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step4c-Edward-response.png"
+alt="Step 4.C Edward's response" /></p>
+
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 4.c</em> Receive a response</h3>
+
+<p>When Edward receives your email, it will use its private key to decrypt
+it, then reply to you. </p>
+
+<p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Edward to
+respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a
+href="#section6">Use it Well</a> section of this guide.</p>
+
+<p>Edward will send you an encrypted email back saying your email was received and decypted. Your email client will automatically decrypt Edward's message.</p>
+
+<p class="notes">The OpenPGP button in the email will show a little green checkmark over the lock symbol to show the message is encypted, and a little orange warning sign which means that you have accepted the key, but not verified it. When you have not yet accepted the key, you will see a little question mark there. Clicking the prompts in this button will lead you to key properties as well.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-4c .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-4d" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 4.d</em> Send a signed test email</h3>
+
+<p>GnuPG includes a way for you to sign messages and files, verifying that
+they came from you and that they weren't tampered with along the way. These
+signatures are stronger than their pen-and-paper cousins -- they're impossible
+to forge, because they're impossible to create without your private key
+(another reason to keep your private key safe).</p>
+
+<p>You can sign messages to anyone, so it's a great way to make people
+aware that you use GnuPG and that they can communicate with you securely. If
+they don't have GnuPG, they will be able to read your message and see your
+signature. If they do have GnuPG, they'll also be able to verify that your
+signature is authentic.</p>
+
+<p>To sign an email to Edward, compose any message to the email address and click the
+pencil icon next to the lock icon so that it turns gold. If you sign a
+message, GnuPG may ask you for your password before it sends the message,
+because it needs to unlock your private key for signing.</p>
+
+<p>In "Account Settings" → "End-To-End-Encryption" you can opt to <span style="color:#2f5faa">add digital signature by default</span>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-4d .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-4e" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 4.e</em> Receive a response</h3>
+
+<p>When Edward receives your email, he will use your public key (which
+you sent him in <a href="#step-3a">Step 3.A</a>) to verify the message
+you sent has not been tampered with and to encrypt a reply to you.</p>
+
+<p class="notes">It may take two or three minutes for Edward to
+respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the <a
+href="#section6">Use it Well</a> section of this guide.</p>
+
+<p>Edward's reply will arrive encrypted, because he prefers to use encryption
+whenever possible. If everything goes according to plan, it should say
+"Your signature was verified." If your test signed email was also encrypted,
+he will mention that first.</p>
+
+<p>When you receive Edward's email and open it, your email client will
+automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and
+then it will use your private key to decrypt it.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-4e .step -->
+</div></section>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 5: Learn About the Web of Trust ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section class="row" id="section5"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro">
+
+<h2><em>#5</em> Learn about the Web of Trust</h2>
+<p><img style="float:right; width:250px; margin-bottom:20px;" src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section5-web-of-trust.png" alt="Illustration of keys all interconnected with a web of lines"/></p>
+
+<p>Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness:
+it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually
+theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making
+an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it, and
+impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that
+developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.</p>
+
+<p>When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you've verified
+that it belongs to them and not someone else.</p>
+
+<p>Signing keys and signing messages use the same type of mathematical
+operation, but they carry very different implications. It's a good practice
+to generally sign your email, but if you casually sign people's keys, you
+may accidently end up vouching for the identity of an imposter.</p>
+
+<p>People who use your public key can see who has signed it. Once you've
+used GnuPG for a long time, your key may have hundreds of signatures. You
+can consider a key to be more trustworthy if it has many signatures from
+people that you trust. The Web of Trust is a constellation of GnuPG users,
+connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-5a" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/step5a-key-properties.png"
+alt="Section 5: trusting a key" /></p>
+
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Step 5.a</em> Sign a key</h3>
+
+<p>In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP Key Manager and select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Key properties</span> by right clicking on Edward's key.</p>
+
+<p>Under "Your Acceptance," you can select <span style="color:#2f5faa">Yes, I've verified in person this key has the correct fingerprint"</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="notes">You've just effectively said "I trust that Edward's public
+key actually belongs to Edward." This doesn't mean much because Edward isn't
+a real person, but it's good practice, and for real people it is important. You can read more about signing a person's key in the <a href="#check-ids-before-signing">check IDs before signing</a> section.</p>
+
+<!--<div id="pgp-pathfinder">
+
+<form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" action="/mk_path.cgi"
+method="get">
+
+<p><strong>From:</strong><input type="text" value="xD41A008"
+name="FROM"></p>
+
+<p><strong>To:</strong><input type="text" value="50BD01x4" name="TO"></p>
+
+<p class="buttons"><input type="submit" value="trust paths" name="PATHS"><input
+type="reset" value="reset" name=".reset"></p>
+
+</form>
+
+</div>End #pgp-pathfinder -->
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-5a .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-identify_keys" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Identifying keys: Fingerprints and IDs</h3>
+
+<p>People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint,
+which is a string of digits like F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8
+(for Edward's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and
+other public keys saved on your computer, by going to OpenPGP Key
+Management in your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key
+and choosing Key Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint
+wherever you share your email address, so that people can double-check that
+they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.</p>
+
+<p class="notes">You may also see public keys referred to by a shorter
+keyID. This keyID is visible directly from the Key Management
+window. These eight character keyIDs were previously used for
+identification, which used to be safe, but is no longer reliable. You
+need to check the full fingerprint as part of verifying you have the
+correct key for the person you are trying to contact. Spoofing, in
+which someone intentionally generates a key with a fingerprint whose
+final eight characters are the same as another, is unfortunately
+common.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-identify_keys .step-->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="check-ids-before-signing" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>Important:</em> What to consider when signing keys</h3>
+
+<p>Before signing a person's key, you need to be confident that it actually
+belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ideally, this
+confidence comes from having interactions and conversations with them over
+time, and witnessing interactions between them and others. Whenever signing
+a key, ask to see the full public key fingerprint, and not just the shorter
+keyID. If you feel it's important to sign the key of someone you've just
+met, also ask them to show you their government identification, and make
+sure the name on the ID matches the name on the public key.</p>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Troubleshooting ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="troubleshooting">
+
+<h4>Advanced</h4>
+
+<dl>
+<dt>Master the Web of Trust</dt>
+<dd>Unfortunately, trust does not spread between users the way <a
+href="https://fennetic.net/irc/finney.org/~hal/web_of_trust.html">many people
+think</a>. One of the best ways to strengthen the GnuPG community is to deeply <a
+href="https://www.gnupg.org/gph/en/manual/x334.html">understand</a> the Web of
+Trust and to carefully sign as many people's keys as circumstances permit.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- /.troubleshooting -->
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #check-ids-before-signing .step-->
+</div></section><!-- End #section5 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 6: Use it well ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section id="section6" class="row"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro">
+
+<h2><em>#6</em> Use it well</h2>
+
+<p>Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow
+some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you
+risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own,
+and damage the Web of Trust.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-6a" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section6-01-use-it-well.png"
+alt="Section 6: Use it Well (1)" /></p>
+
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>When should I encrypt? When should I sign?</h3>
+
+<p>The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. If you only encrypt
+emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for
+surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people
+doing surveillance won't know where to start. That's not to say that only
+encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it
+makes bulk surveillance more difficult.</p>
+
+<p>Unless you don't want to reveal your own identity (which requires other
+protective measures), there's no reason not to sign every message, whether or
+not you are encrypting. In addition to allowing those with GnuPG to verify
+that the message came from you, signing is a non-intrusive way to remind
+everyone that you use GnuPG and show support for secure communication. If you
+often send signed messages to people that aren't familiar with GnuPG, it's
+nice to also include a link to this guide in your standard email signature
+(the text kind, not the cryptographic kind).</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-6a .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-6b" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section6-02-use-it-well.png"
+alt="Section 6: Use it Well (2)" /></p>
+
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Be wary of invalid keys</h3>
+
+<p>GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid
+keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with
+invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.</p>
+
+<p>In your email program, go back to the first encrypted email that Edward
+sent you. Because Edward encrypted it with your public key, it will have a
+green checkmark a at the top "OpenPGP" button.</p>
+
+<p><b>When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that button. The program
+will warn you there if you get an email signed with a key that can't
+be trusted.</b></p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-6b .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-6c" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe</h3>
+
+<p>Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate
+that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest storage that you have -- a flash drive, disk, or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home could work, not on a device you carry with you regularly. The safest way we know is actually to print the revocation certificate and store it in a safe place.</p>
+
+<p>If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate
+file to let people know that you are no longer using that keypair.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-6c .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-lost_key" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3><em>IMPORTANT:</em> ACT SWIFTLY if someone gets your private key</h3>
+
+<p>If you lose your private key or someone else gets a hold
+of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's
+important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses
+it to read your encrypted email or forge your signature. This
+guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow these <a
+href="https://www.hackdiary.com/2004/01/18/revoking-a-gpg-key/">instructions</a>.
+After you're done revoking, make a new key and send an email to everyone
+with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know, including a copy
+of your new key.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-lost_key .step-->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="webmail-and-GnuPG" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Webmail and GnuPG</h3>
+
+<p>When you use a web browser to access your email, you're using webmail,
+an email program stored on a distant website. Unlike webmail, your desktop
+email program runs on your own computer. Although webmail can't decrypt
+encrypted email, it will still display it in its encrypted form. If you
+primarily use webmail, you'll know to open your email client when you receive
+a scrambled email.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #webmail-and-GnuPG .step-->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-6d" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Make your public key part of your online identity</h3>
+
+<p> First add your public key fingerprint to your email signature, then
+compose an email to at least five of your friends, telling them you just
+set up GnuPG and mentioning your public key fingerprint. Link to this guide
+and ask them to join you. Don't forget that there's also an awesome <a
+href="infographic.html">infographic to share.</a></p>
+
+<p class="notes">Start writing your public key fingerprint anywhere someone
+would see your email address: your social media profiles, blog, Website,
+or business card. (At the Free Software Foundation, we put ours on our
+<a href="https://fsf.org/about/staff">staff page</a>.) We need to get our
+culture to the point that we feel like something is missing when we see an
+email address without a public key fingerprint.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main-->
+</div><!-- End #step-6d .step-->
+</div></section><!-- End #section6 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 7: Next steps ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section class="row" id="section7">
+<div id="step-click_here" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h2><a href="next_steps.html">Great job! Check out the next steps.</a></h2>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-click_here .step-->
+</section><!-- End #section7 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ FAQ ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<!-- When un-commenting this section go to main.css and search
+for /* Guide Sections Background */ then add #faq to the desired color
+<section class="row" id="faq"><div>
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<h2>FAQ</h2>
+
+</div>
+<div class="main">
+
+<dl>
+<dt>My key expired</dt>
+<dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
+
+<dt>Who can read encrypted messages? Who can read signed ones?</dt>
+<dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
+
+<dt>My email program is opening at times I don't want it to open/is now my
+default program and I don't want it to be.</dt>
+<dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</section> --><!-- End #faq -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Footer ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<footer class="row" id="footer"><div>
+<div id="copyright">
+
+<h4><a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys"><img
+alt="Free Software Foundation"
+src="../static/img/fsf-logo.png" /></a></h4>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2014-2021 <a
+href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a
+href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>. Please
+support our work by <a href="https://u.fsf.org/yr">joining us as an associate
+member.</a></p>
+
+<p>The images on this page are under a <a
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons
+Attribution 4.0 license (or later version)</a>, and the rest of it is under
+a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license (or later version)</a>. Download the <a
+href="https://agpl.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/edward/CURRENT/edward.tar.gz">
+source code of Edward reply bot</a> by Andrew Engelbrecht
+<andrew@engelbrecht.io> and Josh Drake <zamnedix@gnu.org>,
+available under the GNU Affero General Public License. <a
+href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OtherLicenses">Why these
+licenses?</a></p>
+
+<p>Fonts used in the guide & infographic: <a
+href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Dosis">Dosis</a> by Pablo
+Impallari, <a href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Signika">Signika</a>
+by Anna Giedryś, <a
+href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Archivo+Narrow">Archivo
+Narrow</a> by Omnibus-Type, <a
+href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Graphics_Howto#Pitfalls">PXL-2000</a>
+by Florian Cramer.</p>
+
+<p>Download the <a href="emailselfdefense_source.zip">source package</a>
+for this guide, including fonts, image source files and the text of Edward's
+messages.</p>
+
+<p>This site uses the Weblabels standard for labeling <a
+href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/freejs">free JavaScript</a>. View
+the JavaScript <a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/"
+rel="jslicense">source code and license information</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- /#copyright -->
+
+<p class="credits">Infographic and guide design by <a rel="external"
+href="https://jplusplus.org"><strong>Journalism++</strong><img
+src="static/img/jplusplus.png"
+alt="Journalism++" /></a></p><!-- /.credits -->
+</div></footer><!-- End #footer -->
+
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+<noscript><img src="https://piwik.fsf.org//piwik.php?idsite=13&rec=1" style="border:0" alt="" /></noscript>
+<!-- End Piwik -->
+</body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG
+encryption</title>
+<meta name="keywords" content="GnuPG, GPG, openpgp, surveillance, privacy,
+email, encryption" />
+<meta name="description" content="Email surveillance violates our fundamental
+rights and makes free speech risky. This guide will teach you email
+self-defense in 40 minutes with GnuPG." />
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/css/main.css" />
+<link rel="shortcut icon"
+href="../static/img/favicon.ico" />
+</head>
+
+<body><iframe src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2021fundraiser-spring/" style="width: 100%; height: 150px; display: block; margin: 0; border: 0 none; overflow: hidden;"></iframe><div style="text-align: center; padding: 2.5px; background-color: #a94442; color:#fcf8e3;"><p>Due to Enigmail's PGP functionality being migrated into Icedove and Thunderbird, steps 2 and 3 of the guide are currently out of date.</p><p> Thank you for your patience while we're working on a new round of updates.</p></div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ GnuPG Header and introduction text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<header class="row" id="header"><div>
+
+<h1>Great job!</h1>
+
+</div></header><!-- End #header -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 7: Next steps ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section class="row" id="section7"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section title + graphics ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro">
+
+<h2><em>#7</em> Next steps</h2>
+
+<p>You've now completed the basics of email encryption with GnuPG, taking
+action against bulk surveillance. These next steps will help make the most
+of the work you've done.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-political" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<p class="back" style="text-align:left">← <a href="index.html">Return
+to the guide</a></p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a id="infographic" href="infographic.html"><img
+src="../static/img/en/infographic-button.png"
+alt="View & share our infographic →" /></a></p>
+
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Join the movement</h3>
+
+<p>You've just taken a huge step towards protecting your privacy online. But
+each of us acting alone isn't enough. To topple bulk surveillance, we need
+to build a movement for the autonomy and freedom of all computer users. Join
+the Free Software Foundation's community to meet like-minded people and work
+together for change.</p>
+
+<p style="font-size:150%"><a href="https://status.fsf.org/fsf"><img
+src="../static/img/gnu-social.png"
+class="share-logo"
+alt="[GNU Social]" />
+ GNU Social</a> |
+<a href="https://hostux.social/@fsf"><img
+src="../static/img/mastodon.png"
+class="share-logo"
+alt="[Mastodon]" />
+ Mastodon</a> |
+<a href="https://www.twitter.com/fsf">Twitter</a></p>
+
+<p><small>Read <a href="https://www.fsf.org/twitter">why GNU Social and Mastodon
+are better than Twitter</a>, and <a href="https://www.fsf.org/facebook">why
+we don't use Facebook</a>.</small></p>
+
+<br />
+<div class="newsletter">
+
+<p style="font-size:150%">Low-volume mailing list</p>
+
+<form method="post"
+action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&gid=391">
+<input type="text" value="Type your email..." name="email-Primary"
+id="frmEmail" />
+<input type="submit" value="Add me" name="_qf_Edit_next" />
+<input type="hidden"
+value="https://emailselfdefense.fsf.org/en/confirmation.html" name="postURL" />
+<input type="hidden" value="1" name="group[25]" />
+<input type="hidden"
+value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&gid=391" name="cancelURL"
+/>
+<input type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" name="_qf_default" />
+</form>
+
+<p><small>Read our <a
+href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">privacy
+policy</a>.</small></p>
+
+</div><!-- End .newsletter -->
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-political .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="teach-friends" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Bring Email Self-Defense to new people</h3>
+
+<p>Understanding and setting up email encryption is a daunting task for
+many. To welcome them, make it easy to find your public key and offer to
+help with encryption. Here are some suggestions:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li># Lead an Email Self-Defense workshop for your friends and community,
+using our <a href="workshops.html">teaching guide</a>.</li>
+
+<li># Use <a href="https://fsf.org/share?u=https://u.fsf.org/zb&t=Encrypt%20with%20me%20using%20Email%20Self-Defense%20%40fsf">
+our sharing page</a> to compose
+a message to a few friends and ask them to join you in using encrypted
+email. Remember to include your GnuPG public key fingerprint so they can
+easily download your key.</li>
+
+<li># Add your public key fingerprint anywhere that you normally display
+your email address. Some good places are: your email signature (the text
+kind, not the cryptographic kind), social media profiles, blogs, Web sites,
+or business cards. At the Free Software Foundation, we put ours on our <a
+href="https://fsf.org/about/staff">staff page</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #teach-friends .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-more_technologies" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Protect more of your digital life</h3>
+
+<p>Learn surveillance-resistant technologies for instant
+messages, hard drive storage, online sharing, and more at <a
+href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Collection:Privacy_pack">
+the Free Software Directory's Privacy Pack</a> and <a
+href="https://prism-break.org">prism-break.org</a>.</p>
+
+<p>If you are using Windows, Mac OS or any other proprietary operating
+system, we recommend you switch to a free software operating system like
+GNU/Linux. This will make it much harder for attackers to enter your computer
+through hidden back doors. Check out the Free Software Foundation's <a
+href="https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html">endorsed versions of
+GNU/Linux.</a></p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-more_technologies .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="privacy-tor" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Optional: Add more email protection with Tor</h3>
+
+<p><a href="https://www.torproject.org/about/overview.html.en">The Onion Router
+(Tor) network</a> wraps Internet communication in multiple layers of encryption
+and bounces it around the world several times. When used properly, Tor confuses
+surveillance field agents and the global surveillance apparatus alike. Using
+it simultaneously with GnuPG's encryption will give you the best results.</p>
+
+<p>To have your email program send and receive email over Tor, install the <a
+href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/thunderbird/addon/torbirdy/">Torbirdy
+plugin</a> by searching for it through Add-ons.</p>
+
+<p>Before beginning to check your email over Tor, make sure you understand <a
+href="https://www.torproject.org/docs/faq.html.en#WhatProtectionsDoesTorProvide">
+the security tradeoffs involved</a>. This <a
+href="https://www.eff.org/pages/tor-and-https">infographic</a> from our
+friends at the Electronic Frontier Foundation demonstrates how Tor keeps
+you secure.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #privacy-tor .step-->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="step-better" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<p><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/section7-next-steps.png"
+alt="Section 7: Next Steps" /></p><br />
+
+<p class="back" style="text-align:center">← <a href="index.html">Return
+to the guide</a></p>
+
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Make Email Self-Defense tools even better</h3>
+
+<p><a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">Leave
+feedback and suggest improvements to this guide</a>. We
+welcome translations, but we ask that you contact us at <a
+href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a> before you start,
+so that we can connect you with other translators working in your language.</p>
+
+<p>If you like programming, you can contribute code
+to <a href="https://www.gnupg.org/">GnuPG</a>.</p>
+
+<p>To go the extra mile, support the Free Software Foundation so we can keep
+improving Email Self-Defense, and make more tools like it.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=14&mtm_campaign=email_self_defense&mtm_kwd=guide_donate"><img
+alt="Donate"
+src="../static/img/en/donate.png" /></a></p>
+
+<br />
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-better .step -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ a div for each step ~~~~~~~~~
+<div id="step-learn_more" class="step">
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Learn more about GnuPG</h3>
+
+<p>There are a lot more features of GnuPG to discover, including
+encrypting files on your computer. There are a variety of resources
+accessible via Google, but we recommend starting with the links on the <a
+href="https://www.gnupg.org/documentation/">GnuPG Web site</a>.</p>
+
+</div>--><!-- End .main -->
+<!--</div>--><!-- End #step-learn_more .step -->
+</div></section><!-- End #section7 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ FAQ ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<!-- When un-commenting this section go to main.css and search
+for /* Guide Sections Background */ then add #faq to the desired color
+<section class="row" id="faq"><div>
+<div class="sidebar">
+
+<h2>FAQ</h2>
+
+</div>
+<div class="main">
+
+<dl>
+<dt>My key expired</dt>
+<dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
+
+<dt>Who can read encrypted messages? Who can read signed ones?</dt>
+<dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
+
+<dt>My email program is opening at times I don't want it to open/is now my
+default program and I don't want it to be.</dt>
+<dd>Answer coming soon.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+</section> --><!-- End #faq -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Footer ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<footer class="row" id="footer"><div>
+<div id="copyright">
+
+<h4><a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys"><img
+alt="Free Software Foundation"
+src="../static/img/fsf-logo.png" /></a></h4>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2014-2021 <a
+href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a
+href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>. Please
+support our work by <a href="https://u.fsf.org/yr">joining us as an associate
+member.</a></p>
+
+<p>The images on this page are under a <a
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons
+Attribution 4.0 license (or later version)</a>, and the rest of it is under
+a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license (or later version)</a>. Download the <a
+href="https://agpl.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/edward/CURRENT/edward.tar.gz">
+source code of Edward reply bot</a> by Andrew Engelbrecht
+<andrew@engelbrecht.io> and Josh Drake <zamnedix@gnu.org>,
+available under the GNU Affero General Public License. <a
+href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OtherLicenses">Why these
+licenses?</a></p>
+
+<p>Fonts used in the guide & infographic: <a
+href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Dosis">Dosis</a> by Pablo
+Impallari, <a href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Signika">Signika</a>
+by Anna Giedryś, <a
+href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Archivo+Narrow">Archivo
+Narrow</a> by Omnibus-Type, <a
+href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Graphics_Howto#Pitfalls">PXL-2000</a>
+by Florian Cramer.</p>
+
+<p>Download the <a href="emailselfdefense_source.zip">source package</a>
+for this guide, including fonts, image source files and the text of Edward's
+messages.</p>
+
+<p>This site uses the Weblabels standard for labeling <a
+href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/freejs">free JavaScript</a>. View
+the JavaScript <a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/"
+rel="jslicense">source code and license information</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- /#copyright -->
+
+<p class="credits">Infographic and guide design by <a rel="external"
+href="https://jplusplus.org"><strong>Journalism++</strong><img
+src="../static/img/jplusplus.png"
+alt="Journalism++" /></a></p><!-- /.credits -->
+</div></footer><!-- End #footer -->
+
+
+<script type="text/javascript"
+src="../static/js/jquery-1.11.0.min.js"></script>
+<script type="text/javascript"
+src="../static/js/scripts.js"></script>
+<!-- Piwik -->
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+ var _paq = _paq || [];
+ _paq.push(["trackPageView"]);
+ _paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);
+
+ (function() {
+ var u = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https" : "http") + "://"+"piwik.fsf.org//";
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+ var d=document, g=d.createElement("script"), s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; g.type="text/javascript";
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+<noscript><img src="https://piwik.fsf.org//piwik.php?idsite=13&rec=1" style="border:0" alt="" /></noscript>
+<!-- End Piwik -->
+</body>
+</html>
--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG
+encryption</title>
+<meta name="keywords" content="GnuPG, GPG, openpgp, surveillance, privacy,
+email, Enigmail" />
+<meta name="description" content="Email surveillance violates our fundamental
+rights and makes free speech risky. This guide will teach you email
+self-defense in 40 minutes with GnuPG." />
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../static/css/main.css" />
+<link rel="shortcut icon"
+href="../static/img/favicon.ico" />
+</head>
+
+<body><iframe src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2021fundraiser-spring/" style="width: 100%; height: 150px; display: block; margin: 0; border: 0 none; overflow: hidden;"></iframe><div style="text-align: center; padding: 2.5px; background-color: #a94442; color:#fcf8e3;"><p>Due to Enigmail's PGP functionality being migrated into Icedove and Thunderbird, steps 2 and 3 of the guide are currently out of date.</p><p> Thank you for your patience while we're working on a new round of updates.</p></div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ GnuPG Header and introduction text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<header class="row" id="header"><div>
+
+<h1>Email Self-Defense</h1>
+
+<!-- Language list for browsers that do not have JS enabled -->
+<ul id="languages" class="os">
+<!--<li><a class="current" href="/en">English - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/cs">čeština - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/de">Deutsch - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/el">ελληνικά - v3.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/es">español - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/fa">فارسی - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/fr">français - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/it">italiano - v3.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/ja">日本語 - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/pt-br">português do Brasil - v3.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/ro">română - v3.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/ru">русский - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/sq">Shqip - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/sv">svenska - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/tr">Türkçe - v4.0</a></li>
+<li><a href="/zh-hans">简体中文 - v4.0</a></li>-->
+<li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Translation_Guide">
+<strong><span style="color: #2F5FAA;">Translate!</span></strong></a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul id="menu" class="os">
+<li class="spacer"><a href="index.html">Set up guide</a></li>
+<!--<li><a href="mac.html">Mac OS</a></li>-->
+<!--<li><a href="windows.html">Windows</a></li>-->
+<li><a href="workshops.html" class="current">Teach your friends</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://fsf.org/share?u=https://u.fsf.org/zb&t=Email%20encryption%20for%20everyone%20via%20%40fsf">Share
+<img
+src="../static/img/gnu-social.png" class="share-logo"
+alt="[GNU Social]" />
+<img
+src="../static/img/mastodon.png" class="share-logo"
+alt="[Mastodon]" />
+<img
+src="../static/img/reddit-alien.png" class="share-logo"
+alt="[Reddit]" />
+<img
+src="../static/img/hacker-news.png" class="share-logo"
+alt="[Hacker News]" />
+</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ FSF Introduction ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div id="fsf-intro">
+
+<h3><a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys"><img
+alt="Free Software Foundation"
+src="../static/img/fsf-logo.png" />
+</a></h3>
+
+<div class="fsf-emphasis">
+
+<p>We want to translate this guide
+into more languages, and make a version for encryption on mobile
+devices. Please donate, and help people around the world take the first
+step towards protecting their privacy with free software.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><a
+href="https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=14&pk_campaign=email_self_defense&pk_kwd=guide_donate"><img
+alt="Donate"
+src="../static/img/en/donate.png" /></a></p>
+
+</div><!-- End #fsf-intro -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Guide Introduction ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="intro">
+
+<p><a id="infographic"
+href="https://emailselfdefense.fsf.org/en/infographic.html"><img
+src="../static/img/en/infographic-button.png"
+alt="View & share our infographic →" /></a>
+Understanding and setting up email encryption sounds like a daunting task
+to many people. That's why helping your friends with GnuPG plays such an
+important role in helping spread encryption. Even if only one person shows
+up, that's still one more person using encryption who wasn't before. You have
+the power to help your friends keep their digital love letters private, and
+teach them about the importance of free software. If you use GnuPG to send and
+receive encrypted email, you're a perfect candidate for leading a workshop!</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .intro -->
+</div></header><!-- End #header -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 1: Get your friends or community interested ~~~~~~~~~
+-->
+<section style="padding-top: 0px;" class="row" id="section1">
+<div style="padding-top: 0px;">
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro">
+<p style="margin-top: 0px;" class="image"><img
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/workshop-section1-update.png"
+alt="A small workshop among friends" /></p>
+<h2><em>#1</em> Get your friends or community interested </h2>
+
+<p>If you hear friends grumbling about their lack of privacy, ask them if
+they're interested in attending a workshop on Email Self-Defense. If your
+friends don't grumble about privacy, they may need some convincing. You might
+even hear the classic "if you've got nothing to hide, you've got nothing to
+fear" argument against using encryption.</p>
+
+<p>Here are some talking points you can use to help explain why it's worth
+it to learn GnuPG. Mix and match whichever you think will make sense to
+your community:</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+<div id="step-aa" class="step">
+<div class="sidebar">
+<!-- Workshops image commented out from here, to be used above instead.
+
+<p><img id="workshops-image"
+src="../static/img/en/screenshots/workshop-section1.png"
+alt="Workshop icon"></p>-->
+</div><!-- /.sidebar -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Strength in numbers</h3>
+
+<p>Each person who chooses to resist mass surveillance with encryption makes
+it easier for others to resist as well. People normalizing the use of strong
+encryption has multiple powerful effects: it means those who need privacy
+the most, like potential whistle-blowers and activists, are more likely to
+learn about encryption. More people using encryption for more things also
+makes it harder for surveillance systems to single out those that can't
+afford to be found, and shows solidarity with those people.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>People you respect may already be using encryption</h3>
+
+<p>Many journalists, whistleblowers, activists, and researchers use GnuPG,
+so your friends might unknowingly have heard of a few people who use it
+already. You can search for "BEGIN PUBLIC KEY BLOCK" + keyword to help make
+a list of people and organizations who use GnuPG whom your community will
+likely recognize.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Respect your friends' privacy</h3>
+
+<p>There's no objective way to judge what constitutes privacy-sensitive
+correspondence. As such, it's better not to presume that just because you
+find an email you sent to a friend innocuous, your friend (or a surveillance
+agent, for that matter!) feels the same way. Show your friends respect by
+encrypting your correspondence with them.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>Privacy technology is normal in the physical world</h3>
+
+<p>In the physical realm, we take window blinds, envelopes, and closed doors
+for granted as ways of protecting our privacy. Why should the digital realm
+be any different?</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+<div class="main">
+
+<h3>We shouldn't have to trust our email providers with our privacy</h3>
+
+<p>Some email providers are very trustworthy, but many have incentives not
+to protect your privacy and security. To be empowered digital citizens,
+we need to build our own security from the bottom up.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .main -->
+</div><!-- End #step-aa .step -->
+</div></section><!-- End #section1 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 2: Plan The Workshop ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section class="row" id="section2"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro" style="border: none; padding-bottom: 0px;
+margin-bottom: 0px;">
+
+<h2><em>#2</em> Plan The Workshop</h2>
+
+<p>Once you've got at least one interested friend, pick a date and start
+planning out the workshop. Tell participants to bring their computer and
+ID (for signing each other's keys). If you'd like to make it easy for the
+participants to use <a href="https://theintercept.com/2015/03/26/passphrases-can-memorize-attackers-cant-guess/">Diceware</a> for choosing passwords, get a pack of dice
+beforehand. Make sure the location you select has an easily accessible
+Internet connection, and make backup plans in case the connection stops
+working on the day of the workshop. Libraries, coffee shops, and community
+centers make great locations. Try to get all the participants to set up
+an email client based on Thunderbird before the event. Direct them to their
+email provider's IT department or help page if they run into errors.</p>
+
+<p>Estimate that the workshop will take at least forty minutes plus ten minutes
+for each participant. Plan extra time for questions and technical glitches.</p>
+
+<p>The success of the workshop requires understanding and catering to
+the unique backgrounds and needs of each group of participants. Workshops
+should stay small, so that each participant receives more individualized
+instruction. If more than a handful of people want to participate, keep the
+facilitator to participant ratio high by recruiting more facilitators, or by
+facilitating multiple workshops. Small workshops among friends work great!</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+</div></section><!-- End #section2 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 3: Follow The Guide ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section class="row" id="section3"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro" style="border: none; padding-bottom: 0px;
+margin-bottom: 0px;">
+
+<h2><em>#3</em> Follow the guide as a group</h2>
+
+<p>Work through the Email Self-Defense guide a step at a time as a group. Talk
+about the steps in detail, but make sure not to overload the participants
+with minutia. Pitch the bulk of your instructions to the least tech-savvy
+participants. Make sure all the participants complete each step before the
+group moves on to the next one. Consider facilitating secondary workshops
+afterwards for people that had trouble grasping the concepts, or those that
+grasped them quickly and want to learn more.</p>
+
+<p>In <a href="index.html#section2">Section 2</a> of the guide, make
+sure the participants upload their keys to the same keyserver so that
+they can immediately download each other's keys later (sometimes
+there is a delay in synchronization between keyservers). During <a
+href="index.html#section3">Section 3</a>, give the participants the option to
+send test messages to each other instead of or as well as Edward. Similarly,
+in <a href="index.html#section4">Section 4</a>, encourage the participants
+to sign each other's keys. At the end, make sure to remind people to safely
+back up their revocation certificates.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+</div></section>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 4: Explain the pitfalls ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section class="row" id="section4"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro" style="border: none; padding-bottom: 0px;
+margin-bottom: 0px;">
+
+<h2><em>#4</em> Explain the pitfalls</h2>
+
+<p>Remind participants that encryption works only when it's explicitly used;
+they won't be able to send an encrypted email to someone who hasn't already
+set up encryption. Also remind participants to double-check the encryption icon
+before hitting send, and that subjects and timestamps are never encrypted.</p>
+
+<p> Explain the <a
+href="https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/proprietary.html">dangers
+of running a proprietary system</a> and
+advocate for free software, because without it, we can't <a
+href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2013/fall/how-can-free-software-protect-us-from-surveillance">meaningfully
+resist invasions of our digital privacy and autonomy</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+</div></section><!-- End #section4 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 5: Explain The Pitfalls ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section id="section5" class="row"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro" style="border: none; padding-bottom: 0px;
+margin-bottom: 0px;">
+
+<h2><em>#5</em> Share additional resources</h2>
+
+<p>GnuPG's advanced options are far too complex to teach in a single
+workshop. If participants want to know more, point out the advanced subsections
+in the guide and consider organizing another workshop. You can also share
+<a href="https://www.gnupg.org/documentation/index.html">GnuPG's</a>
+official documentation and mailing lists, and the <a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Public_Review">Email Self-Defense feedback</a> page. Many GNU/Linux distribution's Web
+sites also contain a page explaining some of GnuPG's advanced features.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+</div></section><!-- End #section5 -->
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Section 6: Next steps ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<section class="row" id="section6"><div>
+
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ section introduction: interspersed text ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<div class="section-intro" style="border: none; padding-bottom: 0px;
+margin-bottom: 0px;">
+
+<h2><em>#6</em> Follow up</h2>
+
+<p>Make sure everyone has shared email addresses and public key fingerprints
+before they leave. Encourage the participants to continue to gain GnuPG
+experience by emailing each other. Send them each an encrypted email one
+week after the event, reminding them to try adding their public key ID to
+places where they publicly list their email address.</p>
+
+<p>If you have any suggestions for improving this workshop guide, please
+let us know at <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- End .section-intro -->
+</div></section><!-- End #section6 -->
+<!-- ~~~~~~~~~ Footer ~~~~~~~~~ -->
+<footer class="row" id="footer"><div>
+<div id="copyright">
+
+<h4><a href="https://u.fsf.org/ys"><img
+alt="Free Software Foundation"
+src="../static/img/fsf-logo.png" /></a></h4>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2014-2021 <a
+href="https://u.fsf.org/ys">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a
+href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>. Please
+support our work by <a href="https://u.fsf.org/yr">joining us as an associate
+member.</a></p>
+
+<p>The images on this page are under a <a
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons
+Attribution 4.0 license (or later version)</a>, and the rest of it is under
+a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license (or later version)</a>. Download the <a
+href="https://agpl.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/edward/CURRENT/edward.tar.gz">
+source code of Edward reply bot</a> by Andrew Engelbrecht
+<andrew@engelbrecht.io> and Josh Drake <zamnedix@gnu.org>,
+available under the GNU Affero General Public License. <a
+href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OtherLicenses">Why these
+licenses?</a></p>
+
+<p>Fonts used in the guide & infographic: <a
+href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Dosis">Dosis</a> by Pablo
+Impallari, <a href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Signika">Signika</a>
+by Anna Giedryś, <a
+href="https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Archivo+Narrow">Archivo
+Narrow</a> by Omnibus-Type, <a
+href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/GPG_guide/Graphics_Howto#Pitfalls">PXL-2000</a>
+by Florian Cramer.</p>
+
+<p>Download the <a href="emailselfdefense_source.zip">source package</a>
+for this guide, including fonts, image source files and the text of Edward's
+messages.</p>
+
+<p>This site uses the Weblabels standard for labeling <a
+href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/freejs">free JavaScript</a>. View
+the JavaScript <a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/emailselfdefense.fsf.org/"
+rel="jslicense">source code and license information</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- /#copyright -->
+
+<p class="credits">Infographic and guide design by <a rel="external"
+href="https://jplusplus.org"><strong>Journalism++</strong><img
+src="../static/img/jplusplus.png"
+alt="Journalism++" /></a></p><!-- /.credits -->
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