X-Git-Url: https://vcs.fsf.org/?p=exim.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fdoc-txt%2Fexperimental-spec.txt;h=3beab4b9c9e86d5192a0f3c995e03272d23c68a6;hp=4be142e6675e9fb3100f111f4c9bfa85e56bd57f;hb=accf9211ea33262b8865805a4f61155f26320444;hpb=afcdd656bff655cd2d65bc0db39fd0667b55d6ce diff --git a/doc/doc-txt/experimental-spec.txt b/doc/doc-txt/experimental-spec.txt index 4be142e66..3beab4b9c 100644 --- a/doc/doc-txt/experimental-spec.txt +++ b/doc/doc-txt/experimental-spec.txt @@ -292,10 +292,11 @@ These four steps are explained in more details below. -SRS (Sender Rewriting Scheme) Support +SRS (Sender Rewriting Scheme) Support (using libsrs_alt) -------------------------------------------------------------- +See also below, for an alternative native support implementation. -Exiscan currently includes SRS support via Miles Wilton's +Exim currently includes SRS support via Miles Wilton's libsrs_alt library. The current version of the supported library is 0.5, there are reports of 1.0 working. @@ -312,6 +313,105 @@ EXPERIMENTAL_SRS=yes in your Local/Makefile. +The following main-section options become available: + srs_config string + srs_hashlength int + srs_hashmin int + srs_maxage int + srs_secrets string + srs_usehash bool + srs_usetimestamp bool + +The redirect router gains these options (all of type string, unset by default): + srs + srs_alias + srs_condition + srs_dbinsert + srs_dbselect + +The following variables become available: + $srs_db_address + $srs_db_key + $srs_orig_recipient + $srs_orig_sender + $srs_recipient + $srs_status + +The predefined feature-macro _HAVE_SRS will be present. +Additional delivery log line elements, tagged with "SRS=" will show the srs sender. +For configuration information see https://github.com/Exim/exim/wiki/SRS . + + + + +SRS (Sender Rewriting Scheme) Support (native) +-------------------------------------------------------------- +This is less full-featured than the libsrs_alt version above. + +The Exim build needs to be done with this in Local/Makefile: +EXPERIMENTAL_SRS_NATIVE=yes + +The following are provided: +- an expansion item "srs_encode" + This takes three arguments: + - a site SRS secret + - the return_path + - the pre-forwarding domain + +- an expansion condition "inbound_srs" + This takes two arguments: the local_part to check, and a site SRS secret. + If the secret is zero-length, only the pattern of the local_part is checked. + The $srs_recipient variable is set as a side-effect. + +- an expansion variable $srs_recipient + This gets the original return_path encoded in the SRS'd local_part + +- predefined macros _HAVE_SRS and _HAVE_NATIVE_SRS + +Sample usage: + + #macro + SRS_SECRET = + + #routers + + outbound: + driver = dnslookup + # if outbound, and forwarding has been done, use an alternate transport + domains = ! +my_domains + transport = ${if eq {$local_part@$domain} \ + {$original_local_part@$original_domain} \ + {remote_smtp} {remote_forwarded_smtp}} + + inbound_srs: + driver = redirect + senders = : + domains = +my_domains + # detect inbound bounces which are SRS'd, and decode them + condition = ${if inbound_srs {$local_part} {SRS_SECRET}} + data = $srs_recipient + + inbound_srs_failure: + driver = redirect + senders = : + domains = +my_domains + # detect inbound bounces which look SRS'd but are invalid + condition = ${if inbound_srs {$local_part} {}} + allow_fail + data = :fail: Invalid SRS recipient address + + #... further routers here + + + # transport; should look like the non-forward outbound + # one, plus the max_rcpt and return_path options + remote_forwarded_smtp: + driver = smtp + # modify the envelope from, for mails that we forward + max_rcpt = 1 + return_path = ${srs_encode {SRS_SECRET} {$return_path} {$original_domain}} + + DCC Support @@ -390,228 +490,6 @@ Use a reasonable IP. eg. one the sending cluster actually uses. -DMARC Support --------------------------------------------------------------- - -DMARC combines feedback from SPF, DKIM, and header From: in order -to attempt to provide better indicators of the authenticity of an -email. This document does not explain the fundamentals, you -should read and understand how it works by visiting the website at -http://www.dmarc.org/. - -DMARC support is added via the libopendmarc library. Visit: - - http://sourceforge.net/projects/opendmarc/ - -to obtain a copy, or find it in your favorite rpm package -repository. If building from source, this description assumes -that headers will be in /usr/local/include, and that the libraries -are in /usr/local/lib. - -1. To compile Exim with DMARC support, you must first enable SPF. -Please read the Local/Makefile comments on enabling the SUPPORT_SPF -feature. You must also have DKIM support, so you cannot set the -DISABLE_DKIM feature. Once both of those conditions have been met -you can enable DMARC in Local/Makefile: - -EXPERIMENTAL_DMARC=yes -LDFLAGS += -lopendmarc -# CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include -# LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib - -The first line sets the feature to include the correct code, and -the second line says to link the libopendmarc libraries into the -exim binary. The commented out lines should be uncommented if you -built opendmarc from source and installed in the default location. -Adjust the paths if you installed them elsewhere, but you do not -need to uncomment them if an rpm (or you) installed them in the -package controlled locations (/usr/include and /usr/lib). - - -2. Use the following global settings to configure DMARC: - -Required: -dmarc_tld_file Defines the location of a text file of valid - top level domains the opendmarc library uses - during domain parsing. Maintained by Mozilla, - the most current version can be downloaded - from a link at http://publicsuffix.org/list/. - -Optional: -dmarc_history_file Defines the location of a file to log results - of dmarc verification on inbound emails. The - contents are importable by the opendmarc tools - which will manage the data, send out DMARC - reports, and expire the data. Make sure the - directory of this file is writable by the user - exim runs as. - -dmarc_forensic_sender The email address to use when sending a - forensic report detailing alignment failures - if a sender domain's dmarc record specifies it - and you have configured Exim to send them. - Default: do-not-reply@$default_hostname - - -3. By default, the DMARC processing will run for any remote, -non-authenticated user. It makes sense to only verify DMARC -status of messages coming from remote, untrusted sources. You can -use standard conditions such as hosts, senders, etc, to decide that -DMARC verification should *not* be performed for them and disable -DMARC with a control setting: - - control = dmarc_disable_verify - -A DMARC record can also specify a "forensic address", which gives -exim an email address to submit reports about failed alignment. -Exim does not do this by default because in certain conditions it -results in unintended information leakage (what lists a user might -be subscribed to, etc). You must configure exim to submit forensic -reports to the owner of the domain. If the DMARC record contains a -forensic address and you specify the control statement below, then -exim will send these forensic emails. It's also advised that you -configure a dmarc_forensic_sender because the default sender address -construction might be inadequate. - - control = dmarc_enable_forensic - -(AGAIN: You can choose not to send these forensic reports by simply -not putting the dmarc_enable_forensic control line at any point in -your exim config. If you don't tell it to send them, it will not -send them.) - -There are no options to either control. Both must appear before -the DATA acl. - - -4. You can now run DMARC checks in incoming SMTP by using the -"dmarc_status" ACL condition in the DATA ACL. You are required to -call the spf condition first in the ACLs, then the "dmarc_status" -condition. Putting this condition in the ACLs is required in order -for a DMARC check to actually occur. All of the variables are set -up before the DATA ACL, but there is no actual DMARC check that -occurs until a "dmarc_status" condition is encountered in the ACLs. - -The dmarc_status condition takes a list of strings on its -right-hand side. These strings describe recommended action based -on the DMARC check. To understand what the policy recommendations -mean, refer to the DMARC website above. Valid strings are: - - o accept The DMARC check passed and the library recommends - accepting the email. - o reject The DMARC check failed and the library recommends - rejecting the email. - o quarantine The DMARC check failed and the library recommends - keeping it for further inspection. - o none The DMARC check passed and the library recommends - no specific action, neutral. - o norecord No policy section in the DMARC record for this - sender domain. - o nofrom Unable to determine the domain of the sender. - o temperror Library error or dns error. - o off The DMARC check was disabled for this email. - -You can prefix each string with an exclamation mark to invert its -meaning, for example "!accept" will match all results but -"accept". The string list is evaluated left-to-right in a -short-circuit fashion. When a string matches the outcome of the -DMARC check, the condition succeeds. If none of the listed -strings matches the outcome of the DMARC check, the condition -fails. - -Of course, you can also use any other lookup method that Exim -supports, including LDAP, Postgres, MySQL, etc, as long as the -result is a list of colon-separated strings. - -Performing the check sets up information used by the -${authresults } expansion item. - -Several expansion variables are set before the DATA ACL is -processed, and you can use them in this ACL. The following -expansion variables are available: - - o $dmarc_status - This is a one word status indicating what the DMARC library - thinks of the email. It is a combination of the results of - DMARC record lookup and the SPF/DKIM/DMARC processing results - (if a DMARC record was found). The actual policy declared - in the DMARC record is in a separate expansion variable. - - o $dmarc_status_text - This is a slightly longer, human readable status. - - o $dmarc_used_domain - This is the domain which DMARC used to look up the DMARC - policy record. - - o $dmarc_domain_policy - This is the policy declared in the DMARC record. Valid values - are "none", "reject" and "quarantine". It is blank when there - is any error, including no DMARC record. - -A now-redundant variable $dmarc_ar_header has now been withdrawn. -Use the ${authresults } expansion instead. - - -5. How to enable DMARC advanced operation: -By default, Exim's DMARC configuration is intended to be -non-intrusive and conservative. To facilitate this, Exim will not -create any type of logging files without explicit configuration by -you, the admin. Nor will Exim send out any emails/reports about -DMARC issues without explicit configuration by you, the admin (other -than typical bounce messages that may come about due to ACL -processing or failure delivery issues). - -In order to log statistics suitable to be imported by the opendmarc -tools, you need to: -a. Configure the global setting dmarc_history_file. -b. Configure cron jobs to call the appropriate opendmarc history - import scripts and truncating the dmarc_history_file. - -In order to send forensic reports, you need to: -a. Configure the global setting dmarc_forensic_sender. -b. Configure, somewhere before the DATA ACL, the control option to - enable sending DMARC forensic reports. - - -6. Example usage: -(RCPT ACL) - warn domains = +local_domains - hosts = +local_hosts - control = dmarc_disable_verify - - warn !domains = +screwed_up_dmarc_records - control = dmarc_enable_forensic - - warn condition = (lookup if destined to mailing list) - set acl_m_mailing_list = 1 - -(DATA ACL) - warn dmarc_status = accept : none : off - !authenticated = * - log_message = DMARC DEBUG: $dmarc_status $dmarc_used_domain - - warn dmarc_status = !accept - !authenticated = * - log_message = DMARC DEBUG: '$dmarc_status' for $dmarc_used_domain - - warn dmarc_status = quarantine - !authenticated = * - set $acl_m_quarantine = 1 - # Do something in a transport with this flag variable - - deny condition = ${if eq{$dmarc_domain_policy}{reject}} - condition = ${if eq{$acl_m_mailing_list}{1}} - message = Messages from $dmarc_used_domain break mailing lists - - deny dmarc_status = reject - !authenticated = * - message = Message from $dmarc_used_domain failed sender's DMARC policy, REJECT - - warn add_header = :at_start:${authresults {$primary_hostname}} - - - DSN extra information --------------------- If compiled with EXPERIMENTAL_DSN_INFO extra information will be added @@ -708,6 +586,8 @@ an external directory retaining the exim spool format. The spool files can then be processed by external processes and then requeued into exim spool directories for final delivery. +However, note carefully the warnings in the main documentation on +qpool file formats. The motivation/inspiration for the transport is to allow external processes to access email queued by exim and have access to all the @@ -762,6 +642,9 @@ ARC support Specification: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dmarc-arc-protocol-11 Note that this is not an RFC yet, so may change. +[RFC 8617 was published 2019/06. Draft 11 was 2018/01. A review of the +changes has not yet been done] + ARC is intended to support the utility of SPF and DKIM in the presence of intermediaries in the transmission path - forwarders and mailinglists - by establishing a cryptographically-signed chain in headers. @@ -770,10 +653,18 @@ Normally one would only bother doing ARC-signing when functioning as an intermediary. One might do verify for local destinations. ARC uses the notion of a "ADministrative Management Domain" (ADMD). -Described in RFC 5598 (section 2.3), this is essentially the set of -mail-handling systems that the mail transits. A label should be chosen to -identify the ADMD. Messages should be ARC-verified on entry to the ADMD, -and ARC-signed on exit from it. +Described in RFC 5598 (section 2.3), this is essentially a set of +mail-handling systems that mail transits that are all under the control +of one organisation. A label should be chosen to identify the ADMD. +Messages should be ARC-verified on entry to the ADMD, and ARC-signed on exit +from it. + + +Building with ARC Support +-- +Enable using EXPERIMENTAL_ARC=yes in your Local/Makefile. +You must also have DKIM present (not disabled), and you very likely +want to have SPF enabled. Verification @@ -792,34 +683,182 @@ standard header. Note that it would be wise to strip incoming messages of A-R headers that claim to be from our own . -There are two new variables: $arc_state and $arc_state_reason. +There are four new variables: + + $arc_state One of pass, fail, none + $arc_state_reason (if fail, why) + $arc_domains colon-sep list of ARC chain domains, in chain order. + problematic elements may have empty list elements + $arc_oldest_pass lowest passing instance number of chain + +Example: + logwrite = oldest-p-ams: <${reduce {$lh_ARC-Authentication-Results:} \ + {} \ + {${if = {$arc_oldest_pass} \ + {${extract {i}{${extract {1}{;}{$item}}}}} \ + {$item} {$value}}} \ + }> Receive log lines for an ARC pass will be tagged "ARC". Signing -- -arc_sign = : : +arc_sign = : : [ : ] An option on the smtp transport, which constructs and prepends to the message an ARC set of headers. The textually-first Authentication-Results: header is used as a basis (you must have added one on entry to the ADMD). Expanded as a whole; if unset, empty or forced-failure then no signing is done. -If it is set, all three elements must be non-empty. +If it is set, all of the first three elements must be non-empty. + +The fourth element is optional, and if present consists of a comma-separated list +of options. The options implemented are + + timestamps Add a t= tag to the generated AMS and AS headers, with the + current time. + expire[=] Add an x= tag to the generated AMS header, with an expiry time. + If the value is an plain number it is used unchanged. + If it starts with a '+' then the following number is added + to the current time, as an offset in seconds. + If a value is not given it defaults to a one month offset. + +[As of writing, gmail insist that a t= tag on the AS is mandatory] Caveats: * There must be an Authentication-Results header, presumably added by an ACL while receiving the message, for the same ADMD, for arc_sign to succeed. This requires careful coordination between inbound and outbound logic. + + Only one A-R header is taken account of. This is a limitation versus + the ARC spec (which says that all A-R headers from within the ADMD must + be used). + * If passing a message to another system, such as a mailing-list manager (MLM), between receipt and sending, be wary of manipulations to headers made by the MLM. + For instance, Mailman with REMOVE_DKIM_HEADERS==3 might improve deliverability in a pre-ARC world, but that option also renames the Authentication-Results header, which breaks signing. + * Even if you use multiple DKIM keys for different domains, the ARC concept should try to stick to one ADMD, so pick a primary domain and use that for AR headers and outbound signing. +Signing is not compatible with cutthrough delivery; any (before expansion) +value set for the option will result in cutthrough delivery not being +used via the transport in question. + + + + +TLS Session Resumption +---------------------- +TLS Session Resumption for TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.3 connections can be used (defined +in RFC 5077 for 1.2). The support for this can be included by building with +EXPERIMENTAL_TLS_RESUME defined. This requires GnuTLS 3.6.3 or OpenSSL 1.1.1 +(or later). + +Session resumption (this is the "stateless" variant) involves the server sending +a "session ticket" to the client on one connection, which can be stored by the +client and used for a later session. The ticket contains sufficient state for +the server to reconstruct the TLS session, avoiding some expensive crypto +calculation and one full packet roundtrip time. + +Operational cost/benefit: + The extra data being transmitted costs a minor amount, and the client has + extra costs in storing and retrieving the data. + + In the Exim/Gnutls implementation the extra cost on an initial connection + which is TLS1.2 over a loopback path is about 6ms on 2017-laptop class hardware. + The saved cost on a subsequent connection is about 4ms; three or more + connections become a net win. On longer network paths, two or more + connections will have an average lower startup time thanks to the one + saved packet roundtrip. TLS1.3 will save the crypto cpu costs but not any + packet roundtrips. + + Since a new hints DB is used, the hints DB maintenance should be updated + to additionally handle "tls". + +Security aspects: + The session ticket is encrypted, but is obviously an additional security + vulnarability surface. An attacker able to decrypt it would have access + all connections using the resumed session. + The session ticket encryption key is not committed to storage by the server + and is rotated regularly (OpenSSL: 1hr, and one previous key is used for + overlap; GnuTLS 6hr but does not specify any overlap). + Tickets have limited lifetime (2hr, and new ones issued after 1hr under + OpenSSL. GnuTLS 2hr, appears to not do overlap). + + There is a question-mark over the security of the Diffie-Helman parameters + used for session negotiation. TBD. q-value; cf bug 1895 + +Observability: + New log_selector "tls_resumption", appends an asterisk to the tls_cipher "X=" + element. + + Variables $tls_{in,out}_resumption have bits 0-4 indicating respectively + support built, client requested ticket, client offered session, + server issued ticket, resume used. A suitable decode list is provided + in the builtin macro _RESUME_DECODE for ${listextract {}{}}. + +Issues: + In a resumed session: + $tls_{in,out}_cipher will have values different to the original (under GnuTLS) + $tls_{in,out}_ocsp will be "not requested" or "no response", and + hosts_require_ocsp will fail + + + +Dovecot authenticator via inet socket +------------------------------------ +If Dovecot is configured similar to :- + +service auth { +... +#SASL + inet_listener { + name = exim + port = 12345 + } +... +} + +then an Exim authenticator can be configured :- + + dovecot-plain: + driver = dovecot + public_name = PLAIN + server_socket = dovecot_server_name 12345 + server_tls = true + server_set_id = $auth1 + +If the server_socket does not start with a / it is taken as a hostname (or IP); +and a whitespace-separated port number must be given. + + + +Twophase queue run fast ramp +---------------------------- +To include this feature, add to Local/Makefile: + EXPERIMENTAL_QUEUE_RAMP=yes + +If the (added for this feature) main-section option "queue_fast_ramp" (boolean) +is set, and a two-phase ("-qq") queue run finds, during the first phase, a +suitably large number of message routed for a given host - then (subject to +the usual queue-runner resource limits) delivery for that host is initiated +immediately, overlapping with the remainder of the first phase. + +This is incompatible with queue_run_in_order. + +The result should be a faster startup of deliveries when a large queue is +present and reasonable numbers of messages are routed to common hosts; this +could be a smarthost case, or delivery onto the Internet where a large proportion +of recipients hapen to be on a Gorilla-sized provider. + +As usual, the presence of a configuration option is associated with a +predefined macro, making it possible to write portable configurations. +For this one, the macro is _OPT_MAIN_QUEUE_FAST_RAMP. + --------------------------------------------------------------