From 395539d7449be61a321c2b3054c02a2e3fc90c29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andrew Engelbrecht Date: Tue, 9 Nov 2021 18:14:18 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Initial version of fsfdrupalauth, still alpha software This is the code that I adapted from SSP SQL Auth about a year ago. (from simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp-module-sqlauth) It still needs review, and may have some rough edges. --- .codecov.yml | 11 + .php_cs.dist | 15 + .travis.yml | 31 + LICENSE | 674 +++++ bin/check-syntax.sh | 15 + composer.json | 42 + default-enable | 3 + docs/fsf-drupal-auth.md | 4 + docs/sql.md | 100 + extlib/bootstrap.inc | 3879 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ extlib/drupal-pw-check.php | 20 + extlib/password.inc | 291 +++ lib/Auth/Source/FSFDrupalAuth.php | 367 +++ phpunit.xml | 19 + psalm.xml | 30 + tests/bootstrap.php | 11 + 16 files changed, 5512 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .codecov.yml create mode 100644 .php_cs.dist create mode 100644 .travis.yml create mode 100644 LICENSE create mode 100755 bin/check-syntax.sh create mode 100644 composer.json create mode 100644 default-enable create mode 100644 docs/fsf-drupal-auth.md create mode 100644 docs/sql.md create mode 100644 extlib/bootstrap.inc create mode 100644 extlib/drupal-pw-check.php create mode 100644 extlib/password.inc create mode 100644 lib/Auth/Source/FSFDrupalAuth.php create mode 100644 phpunit.xml create mode 100644 psalm.xml create mode 100644 tests/bootstrap.php diff --git a/.codecov.yml b/.codecov.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7f39e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/.codecov.yml @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +coverage: + status: + project: yes + +comment: + layout: "diff" + behavior: once + require_changes: true + require_base: no + require_head: yes + branches: null diff --git a/.php_cs.dist b/.php_cs.dist new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e7d3146 --- /dev/null +++ b/.php_cs.dist @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +in([ + __DIR__ . '/lib', + __DIR__ . '/tests', + ]) +; +return PhpCsFixer\Config::create() + ->setRules([ + '@PSR2' => true, + '@PSR4' => true, + '@PSR5' => true, + ]) + ->setFinder($finder) +; diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fec43ab --- /dev/null +++ b/.travis.yml @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +sudo: required + +language: php + +php: + - 5.6 + - 7.0 + - 7.1 + - 7.2 + - 7.3 + +env: + - SIMPLESAMLPHP_VERSION=1.17.* + +before_script: + - composer require "simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp:${SIMPLESAMLPHP_VERSION}" --no-update + - composer update --no-interaction + - if [[ "$TRAVIS_PHP_VERSION" == "7.3" ]]; then composer require --dev vimeo/psalm:1.1.9; fi + +script: + - bin/check-syntax.sh + - if [[ "$TRAVIS_PHP_VERSION" == "5.6" ]]; then php vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit; else php vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit --no-coverage; fi + - if [[ "$TRAVIS_PHP_VERSION" == "7.3" ]]; then vendor/bin/psalm; fi + +after_success: + # Codecov, need to edit bash uploader for incorrect TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION environment variable matching, at least until codecov/codecov-bash#133 is resolved + - curl -s https://codecov.io/bash > .codecov + - sed -i -e 's/TRAVIS_.*_VERSION/^TRAVIS_.*_VERSION=/' .codecov + - chmod +x .codecov + - if [[ $TRAVIS_PHP_VERSION == "5.6" ]]; then ./.codecov -X gcov; fi +# - if [[ "$TRAVIS_PHP_VERSION" == "5.6" ]]; then bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash); fi diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f288702 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 3, 29 June 2007 + + Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for +software and other kinds of works. + + The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed +to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. + + If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided +above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, +reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates +an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the +Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a +copy of the Program in return for a fee. + + END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS + + How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs + + If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest +possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it +free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. + + To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest +to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively +state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least +the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. + + + Copyright (C) + + This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program. If not, see . + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + + If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short +notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: + + Copyright (C) + This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands +might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". + + You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, +if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. +For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see +. + + The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program +into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you +may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with +the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General +Public License instead of this License. But first, please read +. diff --git a/bin/check-syntax.sh b/bin/check-syntax.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..db6dc4b --- /dev/null +++ b/bin/check-syntax.sh @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env bash + +PHP='/usr/bin/env php' +RETURN=0 + +# check PHP files +for FILE in `find lib tests -name "*.php"`; do + $PHP -l $FILE > /dev/null 2>&1 + if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then + echo "Syntax check failed for ${FILE}" + RETURN=`expr ${RETURN} + 1` + fi +done + +exit $RETURN diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f847a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/composer.json @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +{ + "name": "fsf/fsfdrupalauth", + "description": "This is a authentication module for authenticating a user against the FSF's Drupal database", + "type": "simplesamlphp-module", + "keywords": ["simplesamlphp", "sqlauth"], + "license": "GPL-3.0-or-later", + "authors": [ + { + "name": "Olav Morken", + "email": "olavmrk@gmail.com" + }, + { + "name": "Andrew Engelbrecht", + "email": "andrew@fsf.org" + } + ], + "config": { + "preferred-install": { + "simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp": "source", + "*": "dist" + } + }, + "autoload": { + "psr-4": { + "SimpleSAML\\Module\\sqlauth\\": "lib/" + } + }, + "autoload-dev": { + "psr-4": { + "SimpleSAML\\Test\\Utils\\": "vendor/simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp/tests/Utils" + } + }, + "require": { + "php": ">=5.6", + "simplesamlphp/composer-module-installer": "~1.1" + }, + "require-dev": { + "phpunit/phpunit": "~5.7", + "simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp": "^1.17", + "webmozart/assert": "^1.4" + } +} diff --git a/default-enable b/default-enable new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25615cb --- /dev/null +++ b/default-enable @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +This file indicates that the default state of this module +is enabled. To disable, create a file named disable in the +same directory as this file. diff --git a/docs/fsf-drupal-auth.md b/docs/fsf-drupal-auth.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1eac6f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fsf-drupal-auth.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# fsf-drupal-auth + +this code is based off of the sqlauth code in upstream simplesamlphp. + diff --git a/docs/sql.md b/docs/sql.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..310b47e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/sql.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +`sqlauth:SQL` +============= + +This is a authentication module for authenticating a user against a SQL database. + + +Options +------- + +`dsn` +: The DSN which should be used to connect to the database server. + Check the various database drivers in the [PHP documentation](http://php.net/manual/en/pdo.drivers.php) for a description of the various DSN formats. + +`username` +: The username which should be used when connecting to the database server. + + +`password` +: The password which should be used when connecting to the database server. + +`query` +: The SQL query which should be used to retrieve the user. + The parameters :username and :password are available. + If the username/password is incorrect, the query should return no rows. + The name of the columns in resultset will be used as attribute names. + If the query returns multiple rows, they will be merged into the attributes. + Duplicate values and NULL values will be removed. + + +Examples +-------- + +Database layout used in some of the examples: + + CREATE TABLE users ( + uid VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, + password TEXT NOT NULL, + salt TEXT NOT NULL, + givenName TEXT NOT NULL, + email TEXT NOT NULL, + eduPersonPrincipalName TEXT NOT NULL + ); + CREATE TABLE usergroups ( + uid VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL REFERENCES users (uid) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, + groupname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, + UNIQUE(uid, groupname) + ); + +Example query - SHA256 of salt + password, with the salt stored in an independent column, MySQL server: + + SELECT uid, givenName, email, eduPersonPrincipalName + FROM users + WHERE uid = :username + AND PASSWORD = SHA2( + CONCAT( + (SELECT salt FROM users WHERE uid = :username), + :password + ), + 256 + ) + +Example query - SHA256 of salt + password, with the salt stored in an independent column. Multiple groups, MySQL server: + + SELECT users.uid, givenName, email, eduPersonPrincipalName, groupname AS groups + FROM users LEFT JOIN usergroups ON users.uid = usergroups.username + WHERE users.uid = :username + AND PASSWORD = SHA2( + CONCAT( + (SELECT salt FROM users WHERE uid = :username), + :password + ), + 256 + ) + +Example query - SHA512 of salt + password, stored as salt (32 bytes) + sha256(salt + password) in password-field, PostgreSQL server: + + SELECT uid, givenName, email, eduPersonPrincipalName + FROM users + WHERE username = :username + AND SUBSTRING( + password FROM LENGTH(password) - 31 + ) = SHA2( + CONCAT( + SUBSTRING(password FROM 1 FOR LENGTH(password) - 32), + :password + ), + 512 + ) + +Security considerations +----------------------- + +Please never store passwords in plaintext in a database. You should always hash your passwords with a secure one-way +function like the ones in the SHA2 family. Use randomly generated salts with a length at least equal to the hash of the +password itself. Salts should be per-password, that meaning every time a password changes, the salt must change, and +therefore salts must be stored in the database alongside the passwords they were used for. Application-wide salts can +be used (by just concatenating them to the input of the hash function), but should never replace per-password salts, +used instead as an additional security measure. + +One way hashing algorithms like MD5 or SHA1 are considered insecure and should therefore be avoided. diff --git a/extlib/bootstrap.inc b/extlib/bootstrap.inc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87f62a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/extlib/bootstrap.inc @@ -0,0 +1,3879 @@ +direction. + */ +define('LANGUAGE_LTR', 0); + +/** + * Language written right to left. Possible value of $language->direction. + */ +define('LANGUAGE_RTL', 1); + +/** + * Time of the current request in seconds elapsed since the Unix Epoch. + * + * This differs from $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME'], which is stored as a float + * since PHP 5.4.0. Float timestamps confuse most PHP functions + * (including date_create()). + * + * @see http://php.net/manual/reserved.variables.server.php + * @see http://php.net/manual/function.time.php + */ +define('REQUEST_TIME', (int) $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']); + +/** + * Flag used to indicate that text is not sanitized, so run check_plain(). + * + * @see drupal_set_title() + */ +define('CHECK_PLAIN', 0); + +/** + * Flag used to indicate that text has already been sanitized. + * + * @see drupal_set_title() + */ +define('PASS_THROUGH', -1); + +/** + * Signals that the registry lookup cache should be reset. + */ +define('REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE', 1); + +/** + * Signals that the registry lookup cache should be written to storage. + */ +define('REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE', 2); + +/** + * Regular expression to match PHP function names. + * + * @see http://php.net/manual/language.functions.php + */ +define('DRUPAL_PHP_FUNCTION_PATTERN', '[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*'); + +/** + * A RFC7231 Compliant date. + * + * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-7.1.1.1 + * + * Example: Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT + * + * This constant was introduced in PHP 7.0.19 and PHP 7.1.5 but needs to be + * defined by Drupal for earlier PHP versions. + */ +if (!defined('DATE_RFC7231')) { + define('DATE_RFC7231', 'D, d M Y H:i:s \G\M\T'); +} + +/** + * Provides a caching wrapper to be used in place of large array structures. + * + * This class should be extended by systems that need to cache large amounts + * of data and have it represented as an array to calling functions. These + * arrays can become very large, so ArrayAccess is used to allow different + * strategies to be used for caching internally (lazy loading, building caches + * over time etc.). This can dramatically reduce the amount of data that needs + * to be loaded from cache backends on each request, and memory usage from + * static caches of that same data. + * + * Note that array_* functions do not work with ArrayAccess. Systems using + * DrupalCacheArray should use this only internally. If providing API functions + * that return the full array, this can be cached separately or returned + * directly. However since DrupalCacheArray holds partial content by design, it + * should be a normal PHP array or otherwise contain the full structure. + * + * Note also that due to limitations in PHP prior to 5.3.4, it is impossible to + * write directly to the contents of nested arrays contained in this object. + * Only writes to the top-level array elements are possible. So if you + * previously had set $object['foo'] = array(1, 2, 'bar' => 'baz'), but later + * want to change the value of 'bar' from 'baz' to 'foobar', you cannot do so + * a targeted write like $object['foo']['bar'] = 'foobar'. Instead, you must + * overwrite the entire top-level 'foo' array with the entire set of new + * values: $object['foo'] = array(1, 2, 'bar' => 'foobar'). Due to this same + * limitation, attempts to create references to any contained data, nested or + * otherwise, will fail silently. So $var = &$object['foo'] will not throw an + * error, and $var will be populated with the contents of $object['foo'], but + * that data will be passed by value, not reference. For more information on + * the PHP limitation, see the note in the official PHP documentation at· + * http://php.net/manual/arrayaccess.offsetget.php on + * ArrayAccess::offsetGet(). + * + * By default, the class accounts for caches where calling functions might + * request keys in the array that won't exist even after a cache rebuild. This + * prevents situations where a cache rebuild would be triggered over and over + * due to a 'missing' item. These cases are stored internally as a value of + * NULL. This means that the offsetGet() and offsetExists() methods + * must be overridden if caching an array where the top level values can + * legitimately be NULL, and where $object->offsetExists() needs to correctly + * return (equivalent to array_key_exists() vs. isset()). This should not + * be necessary in the majority of cases. + * + * Classes extending this class must override at least the + * resolveCacheMiss() method to have a working implementation. + * + * offsetSet() is not overridden by this class by default. In practice this + * means that assigning an offset via arrayAccess will only apply while the + * object is in scope and will not be written back to the persistent cache. + * This follows a similar pattern to static vs. persistent caching in + * procedural code. Extending classes may wish to alter this behavior, for + * example by overriding offsetSet() and adding an automatic call to persist(). + * + * @see SchemaCache + */ +abstract class DrupalCacheArray implements ArrayAccess { + + /** + * A cid to pass to cache_set() and cache_get(). + */ + protected $cid; + + /** + * A bin to pass to cache_set() and cache_get(). + */ + protected $bin; + + /** + * An array of keys to add to the cache at the end of the request. + */ + protected $keysToPersist = array(); + + /** + * Storage for the data itself. + */ + protected $storage = array(); + + /** + * Constructs a DrupalCacheArray object. + * + * @param $cid + * The cid for the array being cached. + * @param $bin + * The bin to cache the array. + */ + public function __construct($cid, $bin) { + $this->cid = $cid; + $this->bin = $bin; + + if ($cached = cache_get($this->cid, $this->bin)) { + $this->storage = $cached->data; + } + } + + /** + * Implements ArrayAccess::offsetExists(). + */ + public function offsetExists($offset) { + return $this->offsetGet($offset) !== NULL; + } + + /** + * Implements ArrayAccess::offsetGet(). + */ + public function offsetGet($offset) { + if (isset($this->storage[$offset]) || array_key_exists($offset, $this->storage)) { + return $this->storage[$offset]; + } + else { + return $this->resolveCacheMiss($offset); + } + } + + /** + * Implements ArrayAccess::offsetSet(). + */ + public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { + $this->storage[$offset] = $value; + } + + /** + * Implements ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(). + */ + public function offsetUnset($offset) { + unset($this->storage[$offset]); + } + + /** + * Flags an offset value to be written to the persistent cache. + * + * If a value is assigned to a cache object with offsetSet(), by default it + * will not be written to the persistent cache unless it is flagged with this + * method. This allows items to be cached for the duration of a request, + * without necessarily writing back to the persistent cache at the end. + * + * @param $offset + * The array offset that was requested. + * @param $persist + * Optional boolean to specify whether the offset should be persisted or + * not, defaults to TRUE. When called with $persist = FALSE the offset will + * be unflagged so that it will not be written at the end of the request. + */ + protected function persist($offset, $persist = TRUE) { + $this->keysToPersist[$offset] = $persist; + } + + /** + * Resolves a cache miss. + * + * When an offset is not found in the object, this is treated as a cache + * miss. This method allows classes implementing the interface to look up + * the actual value and allow it to be cached. + * + * @param $offset + * The offset that was requested. + * + * @return + * The value of the offset, or NULL if no value was found. + */ + abstract protected function resolveCacheMiss($offset); + + /** + * Writes a value to the persistent cache immediately. + * + * @param $data + * The data to write to the persistent cache. + * @param $lock + * Whether to acquire a lock before writing to cache. + */ + protected function set($data, $lock = TRUE) { + // Lock cache writes to help avoid stampedes. + // To implement locking for cache misses, override __construct(). + $lock_name = $this->cid . ':' . $this->bin; + if (!$lock || lock_acquire($lock_name)) { + if ($cached = cache_get($this->cid, $this->bin)) { + $data = $cached->data + $data; + } + cache_set($this->cid, $data, $this->bin); + if ($lock) { + lock_release($lock_name); + } + } + } + + /** + * Destructs the DrupalCacheArray object. + */ + public function __destruct() { + $data = array(); + foreach ($this->keysToPersist as $offset => $persist) { + if ($persist) { + $data[$offset] = $this->storage[$offset]; + } + } + if (!empty($data)) { + $this->set($data); + } + } +} + +/** + * Starts the timer with the specified name. + * + * If you start and stop the same timer multiple times, the measured intervals + * will be accumulated. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the timer. + */ +function timer_start($name) { + global $timers; + + $timers[$name]['start'] = microtime(TRUE); + $timers[$name]['count'] = isset($timers[$name]['count']) ? ++$timers[$name]['count'] : 1; +} + +/** + * Reads the current timer value without stopping the timer. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the timer. + * + * @return + * The current timer value in ms. + */ +function timer_read($name) { + global $timers; + + if (isset($timers[$name]['start'])) { + $stop = microtime(TRUE); + $diff = round(($stop - $timers[$name]['start']) * 1000, 2); + + if (isset($timers[$name]['time'])) { + $diff += $timers[$name]['time']; + } + return $diff; + } + return $timers[$name]['time']; +} + +/** + * Stops the timer with the specified name. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the timer. + * + * @return + * A timer array. The array contains the number of times the timer has been + * started and stopped (count) and the accumulated timer value in ms (time). + */ +function timer_stop($name) { + global $timers; + + if (isset($timers[$name]['start'])) { + $stop = microtime(TRUE); + $diff = round(($stop - $timers[$name]['start']) * 1000, 2); + if (isset($timers[$name]['time'])) { + $timers[$name]['time'] += $diff; + } + else { + $timers[$name]['time'] = $diff; + } + unset($timers[$name]['start']); + } + + return $timers[$name]; +} + +/** + * Returns the appropriate configuration directory. + * + * Returns the configuration path based on the site's hostname, port, and + * pathname. See default.settings.php for examples on how the URL is converted + * to a directory. + * + * @param bool $require_settings + * Only configuration directories with an existing settings.php file + * will be recognized. Defaults to TRUE. During initial installation, + * this is set to FALSE so that Drupal can detect a matching directory, + * then create a new settings.php file in it. + * @param bool $reset + * Force a full search for matching directories even if one had been + * found previously. Defaults to FALSE. + * + * @return + * The path of the matching directory. + * + * @see default.settings.php + */ +function conf_path($require_settings = TRUE, $reset = FALSE) { + $conf = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, ''); + + if ($conf && !$reset) { + return $conf; + } + + $confdir = 'sites'; + + $sites = array(); + if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/sites.php')) { + // This will overwrite $sites with the desired mappings. + include(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/sites.php'); + } + + $uri = explode('/', $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] ? $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] : $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']); + $server = explode('.', implode('.', array_reverse(explode(':', rtrim($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], '.'))))); + for ($i = count($uri) - 1; $i > 0; $i--) { + for ($j = count($server); $j > 0; $j--) { + $dir = implode('.', array_slice($server, -$j)) . implode('.', array_slice($uri, 0, $i)); + if (isset($sites[$dir]) && file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $sites[$dir])) { + $dir = $sites[$dir]; + } + if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $dir . '/settings.php') || (!$require_settings && file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $confdir . '/' . $dir))) { + $conf = "$confdir/$dir"; + return $conf; + } + } + } + $conf = "$confdir/default"; + return $conf; +} + +/** + * Sets appropriate server variables needed for command line scripts to work. + * + * This function can be called by command line scripts before bootstrapping + * Drupal, to ensure that the page loads with the desired server parameters. + * This is because many parts of Drupal assume that they are running in a web + * browser and therefore use information from the global PHP $_SERVER variable + * that does not get set when Drupal is run from the command line. + * + * In many cases, the default way in which this function populates the $_SERVER + * variable is sufficient, and it can therefore be called without passing in + * any input. However, command line scripts running on a multisite installation + * (or on any installation that has settings.php stored somewhere other than + * the sites/default folder) need to pass in the URL of the site to allow + * Drupal to detect the correct location of the settings.php file. Passing in + * the 'url' parameter is also required for functions like request_uri() to + * return the expected values. + * + * Most other parameters do not need to be passed in, but may be necessary in + * some cases; for example, if Drupal's ip_address() function needs to return + * anything but the standard localhost value ('127.0.0.1'), the command line + * script should pass in the desired value via the 'REMOTE_ADDR' key. + * + * @param $variables + * (optional) An associative array of variables within $_SERVER that should + * be replaced. If the special element 'url' is provided in this array, it + * will be used to populate some of the server defaults; it should be set to + * the URL of the current page request, excluding any $_GET request but + * including the script name (e.g., http://www.example.com/mysite/index.php). + * + * @see conf_path() + * @see request_uri() + * @see ip_address() + */ +function drupal_override_server_variables($variables = array()) { + // Allow the provided URL to override any existing values in $_SERVER. + if (isset($variables['url'])) { + $url = parse_url($variables['url']); + if (isset($url['host'])) { + $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = $url['host']; + } + if (isset($url['path'])) { + $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] = $url['path']; + } + unset($variables['url']); + } + // Define default values for $_SERVER keys. These will be used if $_SERVER + // does not already define them and no other values are passed in to this + // function. + $defaults = array( + 'HTTP_HOST' => 'localhost', + 'SCRIPT_NAME' => NULL, + 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '127.0.0.1', + 'REQUEST_METHOD' => 'GET', + 'SERVER_NAME' => NULL, + 'SERVER_SOFTWARE' => NULL, + 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' => NULL, + ); + // Replace elements of the $_SERVER array, as appropriate. + $_SERVER = $variables + $_SERVER + $defaults; +} + +/** + * Initializes the PHP environment. + */ +function drupal_environment_initialize() { + if (!isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'])) { + $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] = ''; + } + if (!isset($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) || ($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] != 'HTTP/1.0' && $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] != 'HTTP/1.1')) { + $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] = 'HTTP/1.0'; + } + + if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) { + // As HTTP_HOST is user input, ensure it only contains characters allowed + // in hostnames. See RFC 952 (and RFC 2181). + // $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] is lowercased here per specifications. + $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']); + if (!drupal_valid_http_host($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) { + // HTTP_HOST is invalid, e.g. if containing slashes it may be an attack. + header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 400 Bad Request'); + exit; + } + } + else { + // Some pre-HTTP/1.1 clients will not send a Host header. Ensure the key is + // defined for E_ALL compliance. + $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = ''; + } + + // When clean URLs are enabled, emulate ?q=foo/bar using REQUEST_URI. It is + // not possible to append the query string using mod_rewrite without the B + // flag (this was added in Apache 2.2.8), because mod_rewrite unescapes the + // path before passing it on to PHP. This is a problem when the path contains + // e.g. "&" or "%" that have special meanings in URLs and must be encoded. + $_GET['q'] = request_path(); + + // Enforce E_ALL, but allow users to set levels not part of E_ALL. + error_reporting(E_ALL | error_reporting()); + + // Override PHP settings required for Drupal to work properly. + // sites/default/default.settings.php contains more runtime settings. + // The .htaccess file contains settings that cannot be changed at runtime. + + // Don't escape quotes when reading files from the database, disk, etc. + ini_set('magic_quotes_runtime', '0'); + // Use session cookies, not transparent sessions that puts the session id in + // the query string. + ini_set('session.use_cookies', '1'); + ini_set('session.use_only_cookies', '1'); + ini_set('session.use_trans_sid', '0'); + // Don't send HTTP headers using PHP's session handler. + // An empty string is used here to disable the cache limiter. + ini_set('session.cache_limiter', ''); + // Use httponly session cookies. + ini_set('session.cookie_httponly', '1'); + + // Set sane locale settings, to ensure consistent string, dates, times and + // numbers handling. + setlocale(LC_ALL, 'C'); + + // PHP's built-in phar:// stream wrapper is not sufficiently secure. Override + // it with a more secure one, which requires PHP 5.3.3. For lower versions, + // unregister the built-in one without replacing it. Sites needing phar + // support for lower PHP versions must implement hook_stream_wrappers() to + // register their desired implementation. + if (in_array('phar', stream_get_wrappers(), TRUE)) { + stream_wrapper_unregister('phar'); + if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.3', '>=')) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/file.phar.inc'; + file_register_phar_wrapper(); + } + } +} + +/** + * Validates that a hostname (for example $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']) is safe. + * + * @return + * TRUE if only containing valid characters, or FALSE otherwise. + */ +function drupal_valid_http_host($host) { + // Limit the length of the host name to 1000 bytes to prevent DoS attacks with + // long host names. + return strlen($host) <= 1000 + // Limit the number of subdomains and port separators to prevent DoS attacks + // in conf_path(). + && substr_count($host, '.') <= 100 + && substr_count($host, ':') <= 100 + && preg_match('/^\[?(?:[a-zA-Z0-9-:\]_]+\.?)+$/', $host); +} + +/** + * Checks whether an HTTPS request is being served. + * + * @return bool + * TRUE if the request is HTTPS, FALSE otherwise. + */ +function drupal_is_https() { + return isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) == 'on'; +} + +/** + * Sets the base URL, cookie domain, and session name from configuration. + */ +function drupal_settings_initialize() { + global $base_url, $base_path, $base_root; + + // Export these settings.php variables to the global namespace. + global $databases, $cookie_domain, $conf, $installed_profile, $update_free_access, $db_url, $db_prefix, $drupal_hash_salt, $is_https, $base_secure_url, $base_insecure_url; + $conf = array(); + + if (file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . conf_path() . '/settings.php')) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . conf_path() . '/settings.php'; + } + $is_https = drupal_is_https(); + + if (isset($base_url)) { + // Parse fixed base URL from settings.php. + $parts = parse_url($base_url); + if (!isset($parts['path'])) { + $parts['path'] = ''; + } + $base_path = $parts['path'] . '/'; + // Build $base_root (everything until first slash after "scheme://"). + $base_root = substr($base_url, 0, strlen($base_url) - strlen($parts['path'])); + } + else { + // Create base URL. + $http_protocol = $is_https ? 'https' : 'http'; + $base_root = $http_protocol . '://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']; + + $base_url = $base_root; + + // $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] can, in contrast to $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'], not + // be modified by a visitor. + if ($dir = rtrim(dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '\/')) { + $base_path = $dir; + $base_url .= $base_path; + $base_path .= '/'; + } + else { + $base_path = '/'; + } + } + $base_secure_url = str_replace('http://', 'https://', $base_url); + $base_insecure_url = str_replace('https://', 'http://', $base_url); + + if ($cookie_domain) { + // If the user specifies the cookie domain, also use it for session name. + $session_name = $cookie_domain; + } + else { + // Otherwise use $base_url as session name, without the protocol + // to use the same session identifiers across HTTP and HTTPS. + list( , $session_name) = explode('://', $base_url, 2); + // HTTP_HOST can be modified by a visitor, but we already sanitized it + // in drupal_settings_initialize(). + if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'])) { + $cookie_domain = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']; + // Strip leading periods, www., and port numbers from cookie domain. + $cookie_domain = ltrim($cookie_domain, '.'); + if (strpos($cookie_domain, 'www.') === 0) { + $cookie_domain = substr($cookie_domain, 4); + } + $cookie_domain = explode(':', $cookie_domain); + $cookie_domain = '.' . $cookie_domain[0]; + } + } + // Per RFC 2109, cookie domains must contain at least one dot other than the + // first. For hosts such as 'localhost' or IP Addresses we don't set a cookie domain. + if (count(explode('.', $cookie_domain)) > 2 && !is_numeric(str_replace('.', '', $cookie_domain))) { + ini_set('session.cookie_domain', $cookie_domain); + } + // To prevent session cookies from being hijacked, a user can configure the + // SSL version of their website to only transfer session cookies via SSL by + // using PHP's session.cookie_secure setting. The browser will then use two + // separate session cookies for the HTTPS and HTTP versions of the site. So we + // must use different session identifiers for HTTPS and HTTP to prevent a + // cookie collision. + if ($is_https) { + ini_set('session.cookie_secure', TRUE); + } + $prefix = ini_get('session.cookie_secure') ? 'SSESS' : 'SESS'; + session_name($prefix . substr(hash('sha256', $session_name), 0, 32)); +} + +/** + * Returns and optionally sets the filename for a system resource. + * + * The filename, whether provided, cached, or retrieved from the database, is + * only returned if the file exists. + * + * This function plays a key role in allowing Drupal's resources (modules + * and themes) to be located in different places depending on a site's + * configuration. For example, a module 'foo' may legally be located + * in any of these three places: + * + * modules/foo/foo.module + * sites/all/modules/foo/foo.module + * sites/example.com/modules/foo/foo.module + * + * Calling drupal_get_filename('module', 'foo') will give you one of + * the above, depending on where the module is located. + * + * @param $type + * The type of the item (theme, theme_engine, module, profile). + * @param $name + * The name of the item for which the filename is requested. + * @param $filename + * The filename of the item if it is to be set explicitly rather + * than by consulting the database. + * @param bool $trigger_error + * Whether to trigger an error when a file is missing or has unexpectedly + * moved. This defaults to TRUE, but can be set to FALSE by calling code that + * merely wants to check whether an item exists in the filesystem. + * + * @return + * The filename of the requested item or NULL if the item is not found. + */ +function drupal_get_filename($type, $name, $filename = NULL, $trigger_error = TRUE) { + // The $files static variable will hold the locations of all requested files. + // We can be sure that any file listed in this static variable actually + // exists as all additions have gone through a file_exists() check. + // The location of files will not change during the request, so do not use + // drupal_static(). + static $files = array(); + + // Profiles are a special case: they have a fixed location and naming. + if ($type == 'profile') { + $profile_filename = "profiles/$name/$name.profile"; + $files[$type][$name] = file_exists($profile_filename) ? $profile_filename : FALSE; + } + if (!isset($files[$type])) { + $files[$type] = array(); + } + + if (!empty($filename) && file_exists($filename)) { + // Prime the static cache with the provided filename. + $files[$type][$name] = $filename; + } + elseif (isset($files[$type][$name])) { + // This item had already been found earlier in the request, either through + // priming of the static cache (for example, in system_list()), through a + // lookup in the {system} table, or through a file scan (cached or not). Do + // nothing. + } + else { + // Look for the filename listed in the {system} table. Verify that we have + // an active database connection before doing so, since this function is + // called both before we have a database connection (i.e. during + // installation) and when a database connection fails. + $database_unavailable = TRUE; + try { + if (function_exists('db_query')) { + $file = db_query("SELECT filename FROM {system} WHERE name = :name AND type = :type", array(':name' => $name, ':type' => $type))->fetchField(); + if ($file !== FALSE && file_exists(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $file)) { + $files[$type][$name] = $file; + } + $database_unavailable = FALSE; + } + } + catch (Exception $e) { + // The database table may not exist because Drupal is not yet installed, + // the database might be down, or we may have done a non-database cache + // flush while $conf['page_cache_without_database'] = TRUE and + // $conf['page_cache_invoke_hooks'] = TRUE. We have a fallback for these + // cases so we hide the error completely. + } + // Fall back to searching the filesystem if the database could not find the + // file or the file does not exist at the path returned by the database. + if (!isset($files[$type][$name])) { + $files[$type][$name] = _drupal_get_filename_fallback($type, $name, $trigger_error, $database_unavailable); + } + } + + if (isset($files[$type][$name])) { + return $files[$type][$name]; + } +} + +/** + * Performs a cached file system scan as a fallback when searching for a file. + * + * This function looks for the requested file by triggering a file scan, + * caching the new location if the file has moved and caching the miss + * if the file is missing. If a file had been marked as missing in a previous + * file scan, or if it has been marked as moved and is still in the last known + * location, no new file scan will be performed. + * + * @param string $type + * The type of the item (theme, theme_engine, module, profile). + * @param string $name + * The name of the item for which the filename is requested. + * @param bool $trigger_error + * Whether to trigger an error when a file is missing or has unexpectedly + * moved. + * @param bool $database_unavailable + * Whether this function is being called because the Drupal database could + * not be queried for the file's location. + * + * @return + * The filename of the requested item or NULL if the item is not found. + * + * @see drupal_get_filename() + */ +function _drupal_get_filename_fallback($type, $name, $trigger_error, $database_unavailable) { + $file_scans = &_drupal_file_scan_cache(); + $filename = NULL; + + // If the cache indicates that the item is missing, or we can verify that the + // item exists in the location the cache says it exists in, use that. + if (isset($file_scans[$type][$name]) && ($file_scans[$type][$name] === FALSE || file_exists($file_scans[$type][$name]))) { + $filename = $file_scans[$type][$name]; + } + // Otherwise, perform a new file scan to find the item. + else { + $filename = _drupal_get_filename_perform_file_scan($type, $name); + // Update the static cache, and mark the persistent cache for updating at + // the end of the page request. See drupal_file_scan_write_cache(). + $file_scans[$type][$name] = $filename; + $file_scans['#write_cache'] = TRUE; + } + + // If requested, trigger a user-level warning about the missing or + // unexpectedly moved file. If the database was unavailable, do not trigger a + // warning in the latter case, though, since if the {system} table could not + // be queried there is no way to know if the location found here was + // "unexpected" or not. + if ($trigger_error) { + $error_type = $filename === FALSE ? 'missing' : 'moved'; + if ($error_type == 'missing' || !$database_unavailable) { + _drupal_get_filename_fallback_trigger_error($type, $name, $error_type); + } + } + + // The cache stores FALSE for files that aren't found (to be able to + // distinguish them from files that have not yet been searched for), but + // drupal_get_filename() expects NULL for these instead, so convert to NULL + // before returning. + if ($filename === FALSE) { + $filename = NULL; + } + return $filename; +} + +/** + * Returns the current list of cached file system scan results. + * + * @return + * An associative array tracking the most recent file scan results for all + * files that have had scans performed. The keys are the type and name of the + * item that was searched for, and the values can be either: + * - Boolean FALSE if the item was not found in the file system. + * - A string pointing to the location where the item was found. + */ +function &_drupal_file_scan_cache() { + $file_scans = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, array()); + + // The file scan results are stored in a persistent cache (in addition to the + // static cache) but because this function can be called before the + // persistent cache is available, we must merge any items that were found + // earlier in the page request into the results from the persistent cache. + if (!isset($file_scans['#cache_merge_done'])) { + try { + if (function_exists('cache_get')) { + $cache = cache_get('_drupal_file_scan_cache', 'cache_bootstrap'); + if (!empty($cache->data)) { + // File scan results from the current request should take precedence + // over the results from the persistent cache, since they are newer. + $file_scans = drupal_array_merge_deep($cache->data, $file_scans); + } + // Set a flag to indicate that the persistent cache does not need to be + // merged again. + $file_scans['#cache_merge_done'] = TRUE; + } + } + catch (Exception $e) { + // Hide the error. + } + } + + return $file_scans; +} + +/** + * Performs a file system scan to search for a system resource. + * + * @param $type + * The type of the item (theme, theme_engine, module, profile). + * @param $name + * The name of the item for which the filename is requested. + * + * @return + * The filename of the requested item or FALSE if the item is not found. + * + * @see drupal_get_filename() + * @see _drupal_get_filename_fallback() + */ +function _drupal_get_filename_perform_file_scan($type, $name) { + // The location of files will not change during the request, so do not use + // drupal_static(). + static $dirs = array(), $files = array(); + + // We have a consistent directory naming: modules, themes... + $dir = $type . 's'; + if ($type == 'theme_engine') { + $dir = 'themes/engines'; + $extension = 'engine'; + } + elseif ($type == 'theme') { + $extension = 'info'; + } + else { + $extension = $type; + } + + // Check if we had already scanned this directory/extension combination. + if (!isset($dirs[$dir][$extension])) { + // Log that we have now scanned this directory/extension combination + // into a static variable so as to prevent unnecessary file scans. + $dirs[$dir][$extension] = TRUE; + if (!function_exists('drupal_system_listing')) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc'; + } + // Scan the appropriate directories for all files with the requested + // extension, not just the file we are currently looking for. This + // prevents unnecessary scans from being repeated when this function is + // called more than once in the same page request. + $matches = drupal_system_listing("/^" . DRUPAL_PHP_FUNCTION_PATTERN . "\.$extension$/", $dir, 'name', 0); + foreach ($matches as $matched_name => $file) { + // Log the locations found in the file scan into a static variable. + $files[$type][$matched_name] = $file->uri; + } + } + + // Return the results of the file system scan, or FALSE to indicate the file + // was not found. + return isset($files[$type][$name]) ? $files[$type][$name] : FALSE; +} + +/** + * Triggers a user-level warning for missing or unexpectedly moved files. + * + * @param $type + * The type of the item (theme, theme_engine, module, profile). + * @param $name + * The name of the item for which the filename is requested. + * @param $error_type + * The type of the error ('missing' or 'moved'). + * + * @see drupal_get_filename() + * @see _drupal_get_filename_fallback() + */ +function _drupal_get_filename_fallback_trigger_error($type, $name, $error_type) { + // Hide messages due to known bugs that will appear on a lot of sites. + // @todo Remove this in https://www.drupal.org/node/2383823 + if (empty($name)) { + return; + } + + // Make sure we only show any missing or moved file errors only once per + // request. + static $errors_triggered = array(); + if (empty($errors_triggered[$type][$name][$error_type])) { + // Use _drupal_trigger_error_with_delayed_logging() here since these are + // triggered during low-level operations that cannot necessarily be + // interrupted by a watchdog() call. + if ($error_type == 'missing') { + _drupal_trigger_error_with_delayed_logging(format_string('The following @type is missing from the file system: %name. For information about how to fix this, see the documentation page.', array('@type' => $type, '%name' => $name, '@documentation' => 'https://www.drupal.org/node/2487215')), E_USER_WARNING); + } + elseif ($error_type == 'moved') { + _drupal_trigger_error_with_delayed_logging(format_string('The following @type has moved within the file system: %name. In order to fix this, clear caches or put the @type back in its original location. For more information, see the documentation page.', array('@type' => $type, '%name' => $name, '@documentation' => 'https://www.drupal.org/node/2487215')), E_USER_WARNING); + } + $errors_triggered[$type][$name][$error_type] = TRUE; + } +} + +/** + * Invokes trigger_error() with logging delayed until the end of the request. + * + * This is an alternative to PHP's trigger_error() function which can be used + * during low-level Drupal core operations that need to avoid being interrupted + * by a watchdog() call. + * + * Normally, Drupal's error handler calls watchdog() in response to a + * trigger_error() call. However, this invokes hook_watchdog() which can run + * arbitrary code. If the trigger_error() happens in the middle of an + * operation such as a rebuild operation which should not be interrupted by + * arbitrary code, that could potentially break or trigger the rebuild again. + * This function protects against that by delaying the watchdog() call until + * the end of the current page request. + * + * This is an internal function which should only be called by low-level Drupal + * core functions. It may be removed in a future Drupal 7 release. + * + * @param string $error_msg + * The error message to trigger. As with trigger_error() itself, this is + * limited to 1024 bytes; additional characters beyond that will be removed. + * @param int $error_type + * (optional) The type of error. This should be one of the E_USER family of + * constants. As with trigger_error() itself, this defaults to E_USER_NOTICE + * if not provided. + * + * @see _drupal_log_error() + */ +function _drupal_trigger_error_with_delayed_logging($error_msg, $error_type = E_USER_NOTICE) { + $delay_logging = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, FALSE); + $delay_logging = TRUE; + trigger_error($error_msg, $error_type); + $delay_logging = FALSE; +} + +/** + * Writes the file scan cache to the persistent cache. + * + * This cache stores all files marked as missing or moved after a file scan + * to prevent unnecessary file scans in subsequent requests. This cache is + * cleared in system_list_reset() (i.e. after a module/theme rebuild). + */ +function drupal_file_scan_write_cache() { + // Only write to the persistent cache if requested, and if we know that any + // data previously in the cache was successfully loaded and merged in by + // _drupal_file_scan_cache(). + $file_scans = &_drupal_file_scan_cache(); + if (isset($file_scans['#write_cache']) && isset($file_scans['#cache_merge_done'])) { + unset($file_scans['#write_cache']); + cache_set('_drupal_file_scan_cache', $file_scans, 'cache_bootstrap'); + } +} + +/** + * Loads the persistent variable table. + * + * The variable table is composed of values that have been saved in the table + * with variable_set() as well as those explicitly specified in the + * configuration file. + */ +function variable_initialize($conf = array()) { + // NOTE: caching the variables improves performance by 20% when serving + // cached pages. + if ($cached = cache_get('variables', 'cache_bootstrap')) { + $variables = $cached->data; + } + else { + // Cache miss. Avoid a stampede. + $name = 'variable_init'; + if (!lock_acquire($name, 1)) { + // Another request is building the variable cache. + // Wait, then re-run this function. + lock_wait($name); + return variable_initialize($conf); + } + else { + // Proceed with variable rebuild. + $variables = array_map('unserialize', db_query('SELECT name, value FROM {variable}')->fetchAllKeyed()); + cache_set('variables', $variables, 'cache_bootstrap'); + lock_release($name); + } + } + + foreach ($conf as $name => $value) { + $variables[$name] = $value; + } + + return $variables; +} + +/** + * Returns a persistent variable. + * + * Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database + * collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent + * variable names. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the variable to return. + * @param $default + * The default value to use if this variable has never been set. + * + * @return + * The value of the variable. Unserialization is taken care of as necessary. + * + * @see variable_del() + * @see variable_set() + */ +function variable_get($name, $default = NULL) { + global $conf; + + return isset($conf[$name]) ? $conf[$name] : $default; +} + +/** + * Sets a persistent variable. + * + * Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database + * collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent + * variable names. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the variable to set. + * @param $value + * The value to set. This can be any PHP data type; these functions take care + * of serialization as necessary. + * + * @see variable_del() + * @see variable_get() + */ +function variable_set($name, $value) { + global $conf; + + db_merge('variable')->key(array('name' => $name))->fields(array('value' => serialize($value)))->execute(); + + cache_clear_all('variables', 'cache_bootstrap'); + + $conf[$name] = $value; +} + +/** + * Unsets a persistent variable. + * + * Case-sensitivity of the variable_* functions depends on the database + * collation used. To avoid problems, always use lower case for persistent + * variable names. + * + * @param $name + * The name of the variable to undefine. + * + * @see variable_get() + * @see variable_set() + */ +function variable_del($name) { + global $conf; + + db_delete('variable') + ->condition('name', $name) + ->execute(); + cache_clear_all('variables', 'cache_bootstrap'); + + unset($conf[$name]); +} + +/** + * Retrieves the current page from the cache. + * + * Note: we do not serve cached pages to authenticated users, or to anonymous + * users when $_SESSION is non-empty. $_SESSION may contain status messages + * from a form submission, the contents of a shopping cart, or other user- + * specific content that should not be cached and displayed to other users. + * + * @param $check_only + * (optional) Set to TRUE to only return whether a previous call found a + * cache entry. + * + * @return + * The cache object, if the page was found in the cache, NULL otherwise. + */ +function drupal_page_get_cache($check_only = FALSE) { + global $base_root; + static $cache_hit = FALSE; + + if ($check_only) { + return $cache_hit; + } + + if (drupal_page_is_cacheable()) { + $cache = cache_get($base_root . request_uri(), 'cache_page'); + if ($cache !== FALSE) { + $cache_hit = TRUE; + } + return $cache; + } +} + +/** + * Determines the cacheability of the current page. + * + * @param $allow_caching + * Set to FALSE if you want to prevent this page from being cached. + * + * @return + * TRUE if the current page can be cached, FALSE otherwise. + */ +function drupal_page_is_cacheable($allow_caching = NULL) { + $allow_caching_static = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, TRUE); + if (isset($allow_caching)) { + $allow_caching_static = $allow_caching; + } + + return $allow_caching_static && ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET' || $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'HEAD') + && !drupal_is_cli(); +} + +/** + * Invokes a bootstrap hook in all bootstrap modules that implement it. + * + * @param $hook + * The name of the bootstrap hook to invoke. + * + * @see bootstrap_hooks() + */ +function bootstrap_invoke_all($hook) { + // Bootstrap modules should have been loaded when this function is called, so + // we don't need to tell module_list() to reset its internal list (and we + // therefore leave the first parameter at its default value of FALSE). We + // still pass in TRUE for the second parameter, though; in case this is the + // first time during the bootstrap that module_list() is called, we want to + // make sure that its internal cache is primed with the bootstrap modules + // only. + foreach (module_list(FALSE, TRUE) as $module) { + drupal_load('module', $module); + module_invoke($module, $hook); + } +} + +/** + * Includes a file with the provided type and name. + * + * This prevents including a theme, engine, module, etc., more than once. + * + * @param $type + * The type of item to load (i.e. theme, theme_engine, module). + * @param $name + * The name of the item to load. + * + * @return + * TRUE if the item is loaded or has already been loaded. + */ +function drupal_load($type, $name) { + // Once a file is included this can't be reversed during a request so do not + // use drupal_static() here. + static $files = array(); + + if (isset($files[$type][$name])) { + return TRUE; + } + + $filename = drupal_get_filename($type, $name); + + if ($filename) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $filename; + $files[$type][$name] = TRUE; + + return TRUE; + } + + return FALSE; +} + +/** + * Sets an HTTP response header for the current page. + * + * Note: When sending a Content-Type header, always include a 'charset' type, + * too. This is necessary to avoid security bugs (e.g. UTF-7 XSS). + * + * @param $name + * The HTTP header name, or the special 'Status' header name. + * @param $value + * The HTTP header value; if equal to FALSE, the specified header is unset. + * If $name is 'Status', this is expected to be a status code followed by a + * reason phrase, e.g. "404 Not Found". + * @param $append + * Whether to append the value to an existing header or to replace it. + */ +function drupal_add_http_header($name, $value, $append = FALSE) { + // The headers as name/value pairs. + $headers = &drupal_static('drupal_http_headers', array()); + + $name_lower = strtolower($name); + _drupal_set_preferred_header_name($name); + + if ($value === FALSE) { + $headers[$name_lower] = FALSE; + } + elseif (isset($headers[$name_lower]) && $append) { + // Multiple headers with identical names may be combined using comma (RFC + // 2616, section 4.2). + $headers[$name_lower] .= ',' . $value; + } + else { + $headers[$name_lower] = $value; + } + drupal_send_headers(array($name => $headers[$name_lower]), TRUE); +} + +/** + * Gets the HTTP response headers for the current page. + * + * @param $name + * An HTTP header name. If omitted, all headers are returned as name/value + * pairs. If an array value is FALSE, the header has been unset. + * + * @return + * A string containing the header value, or FALSE if the header has been set, + * or NULL if the header has not been set. + */ +function drupal_get_http_header($name = NULL) { + $headers = &drupal_static('drupal_http_headers', array()); + if (isset($name)) { + $name = strtolower($name); + return isset($headers[$name]) ? $headers[$name] : NULL; + } + else { + return $headers; + } +} + +/** + * Sets the preferred name for the HTTP header. + * + * Header names are case-insensitive, but for maximum compatibility they should + * follow "common form" (see RFC 2617, section 4.2). + */ +function _drupal_set_preferred_header_name($name = NULL) { + static $header_names = array(); + + if (!isset($name)) { + return $header_names; + } + $header_names[strtolower($name)] = $name; +} + +/** + * Sends the HTTP response headers that were previously set, adding defaults. + * + * Headers are set in drupal_add_http_header(). Default headers are not set + * if they have been replaced or unset using drupal_add_http_header(). + * + * @param array $default_headers + * (optional) An array of headers as name/value pairs. + * @param bool $only_default + * (optional) If TRUE and headers have already been sent, send only the + * specified headers. + */ +function drupal_send_headers($default_headers = array(), $only_default = FALSE) { + $headers_sent = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, FALSE); + $headers = drupal_get_http_header(); + if ($only_default && $headers_sent) { + $headers = array(); + } + $headers_sent = TRUE; + + $header_names = _drupal_set_preferred_header_name(); + foreach ($default_headers as $name => $value) { + $name_lower = strtolower($name); + if (!isset($headers[$name_lower])) { + $headers[$name_lower] = $value; + $header_names[$name_lower] = $name; + } + } + foreach ($headers as $name_lower => $value) { + if ($name_lower == 'status') { + header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' ' . $value); + } + // Skip headers that have been unset. + elseif ($value !== FALSE) { + header($header_names[$name_lower] . ': ' . $value); + } + } +} + +/** + * Sets HTTP headers in preparation for a page response. + * + * Authenticated users are always given a 'no-cache' header, and will fetch a + * fresh page on every request. This prevents authenticated users from seeing + * locally cached pages. + * + * ETag and Last-Modified headers are not set per default for authenticated + * users so that browsers do not send If-Modified-Since headers from + * authenticated user pages. drupal_serve_page_from_cache() will set appropriate + * ETag and Last-Modified headers for cached pages. + * + * @see drupal_page_set_cache() + */ +function drupal_page_header() { + $headers_sent = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, FALSE); + if ($headers_sent) { + return TRUE; + } + $headers_sent = TRUE; + + $default_headers = array( + 'Expires' => 'Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT', + 'Cache-Control' => 'no-cache, must-revalidate', + // Prevent browsers from sniffing a response and picking a MIME type + // different from the declared content-type, since that can lead to + // XSS and other vulnerabilities. + 'X-Content-Type-Options' => 'nosniff', + ); + drupal_send_headers($default_headers); +} + +/** + * Sets HTTP headers in preparation for a cached page response. + * + * The headers allow as much as possible in proxies and browsers without any + * particular knowledge about the pages. Modules can override these headers + * using drupal_add_http_header(). + * + * If the request is conditional (using If-Modified-Since and If-None-Match), + * and the conditions match those currently in the cache, a 304 Not Modified + * response is sent. + */ +function drupal_serve_page_from_cache(stdClass $cache) { + // Negotiate whether to use compression. + $page_compression = !empty($cache->data['page_compressed']); + $return_compressed = $page_compression && isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'], 'gzip') !== FALSE; + + // Get headers set in hook_boot(). Keys are lower-case. + $hook_boot_headers = drupal_get_http_header(); + + // Headers generated in this function, that may be replaced or unset using + // drupal_add_http_headers(). Keys are mixed-case. + $default_headers = array(); + + foreach ($cache->data['headers'] as $name => $value) { + // In the case of a 304 response, certain headers must be sent, and the + // remaining may not (see RFC 2616, section 10.3.5). Do not override + // headers set in hook_boot(). + $name_lower = strtolower($name); + if (in_array($name_lower, array('content-location', 'expires', 'cache-control', 'vary')) && !isset($hook_boot_headers[$name_lower])) { + drupal_add_http_header($name, $value); + unset($cache->data['headers'][$name]); + } + } + + // If the client sent a session cookie, a cached copy will only be served + // to that one particular client due to Vary: Cookie. Thus, do not set + // max-age > 0, allowing the page to be cached by external proxies, when a + // session cookie is present unless the Vary header has been replaced or + // unset in hook_boot(). + $max_age = !isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]) || isset($hook_boot_headers['vary']) ? variable_get('page_cache_maximum_age', 0) : 0; + $default_headers['Cache-Control'] = 'public, max-age=' . $max_age; + + // Entity tag should change if the output changes. + $etag = '"' . $cache->created . '-' . intval($return_compressed) . '"'; + header('Etag: ' . $etag); + + // See if the client has provided the required HTTP headers. + $if_modified_since = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) ? strtotime($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) : FALSE; + $if_none_match = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) ? stripslashes($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) : FALSE; + + if ($if_modified_since && $if_none_match + && $if_none_match == $etag // etag must match + && $if_modified_since == $cache->created) { // if-modified-since must match + header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 304 Not Modified'); + drupal_send_headers($default_headers); + return; + } + + // Send the remaining headers. + foreach ($cache->data['headers'] as $name => $value) { + drupal_add_http_header($name, $value); + } + + $default_headers['Last-Modified'] = gmdate(DATE_RFC7231, $cache->created); + + // HTTP/1.0 proxies does not support the Vary header, so prevent any caching + // by sending an Expires date in the past. HTTP/1.1 clients ignores the + // Expires header if a Cache-Control: max-age= directive is specified (see RFC + // 2616, section 14.9.3). + $default_headers['Expires'] = 'Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT'; + + drupal_send_headers($default_headers); + + // Allow HTTP proxies to cache pages for anonymous users without a session + // cookie. The Vary header is used to indicates the set of request-header + // fields that fully determines whether a cache is permitted to use the + // response to reply to a subsequent request for a given URL without + // revalidation. If a Vary header has been set in hook_boot(), it is assumed + // that the module knows how to cache the page. + if (!isset($hook_boot_headers['vary']) && !variable_get('omit_vary_cookie')) { + header('Vary: Cookie'); + } + + if ($page_compression) { + header('Vary: Accept-Encoding', FALSE); + // If page_compression is enabled, the cache contains gzipped data. + if ($return_compressed) { + // $cache->data['body'] is already gzip'ed, so make sure + // zlib.output_compression does not compress it once more. + ini_set('zlib.output_compression', '0'); + header('Content-Encoding: gzip'); + } + else { + // The client does not support compression, so unzip the data in the + // cache. Strip the gzip header and run uncompress. + $cache->data['body'] = gzinflate(substr(substr($cache->data['body'], 10), 0, -8)); + } + } + + // Print the page. + print $cache->data['body']; +} + +/** + * Defines the critical hooks that force modules to always be loaded. + */ +function bootstrap_hooks() { + return array('boot', 'exit', 'watchdog', 'language_init'); +} + +/** + * Unserializes and appends elements from a serialized string. + * + * @param $obj + * The object to which the elements are appended. + * @param $field + * The attribute of $obj whose value should be unserialized. + */ +function drupal_unpack($obj, $field = 'data') { + if ($obj->$field && $data = unserialize($obj->$field)) { + foreach ($data as $key => $value) { + if (!empty($key) && !isset($obj->$key)) { + $obj->$key = $value; + } + } + } + return $obj; +} + +/** + * Translates a string to the current language or to a given language. + * + * The t() function serves two purposes. First, at run-time it translates + * user-visible text into the appropriate language. Second, various mechanisms + * that figure out what text needs to be translated work off t() -- the text + * inside t() calls is added to the database of strings to be translated. + * These strings are expected to be in English, so the first argument should + * always be in English. To enable a fully-translatable site, it is important + * that all human-readable text that will be displayed on the site or sent to + * a user is passed through the t() function, or a related function. See the + * @link http://drupal.org/node/322729 Localization API @endlink pages for + * more information, including recommendations on how to break up or not + * break up strings for translation. + * + * @section sec_translating_vars Translating Variables + * You should never use t() to translate variables, such as calling + * @code t($text); @endcode, unless the text that the variable holds has been + * passed through t() elsewhere (e.g., $text is one of several translated + * literal strings in an array). It is especially important never to call + * @code t($user_text); @endcode, where $user_text is some text that a user + * entered - doing that can lead to cross-site scripting and other security + * problems. However, you can use variable substitution in your string, to put + * variable text such as user names or link URLs into translated text. Variable + * substitution looks like this: + * @code + * $text = t("@name's blog", array('@name' => format_username($account))); + * @endcode + * Basically, you can put variables like @name into your string, and t() will + * substitute their sanitized values at translation time. (See the + * Localization API pages referenced above and the documentation of + * format_string() for details about how to define variables in your string.) + * Translators can then rearrange the string as necessary for the language + * (e.g., in Spanish, it might be "blog de @name"). + * + * @section sec_alt_funcs_install Use During Installation Phase + * During the Drupal installation phase, some resources used by t() wil not be + * available to code that needs localization. See st() and get_t() for + * alternatives. + * + * @section sec_context String context + * Matching source strings are normally only translated once, and the same + * translation is used everywhere that has a matching string. However, in some + * cases, a certain English source string needs to have multiple translations. + * One example of this is the string "May", which could be used as either a + * full month name or a 3-letter abbreviated month. In other languages where + * the month name for May has more than 3 letters, you would need to provide + * two different translations (one for the full name and one abbreviated), and + * the correct form would need to be chosen, depending on how "May" is being + * used. To facilitate this, the "May" string should be provided with two + * different contexts in the $options parameter when calling t(). For example: + * @code + * t('May', array(), array('context' => 'Long month name') + * t('May', array(), array('context' => 'Abbreviated month name') + * @endcode + * See https://localize.drupal.org/node/2109 for more information. + * + * @param $string + * A string containing the English string to translate. + * @param $args + * An associative array of replacements to make after translation. Based + * on the first character of the key, the value is escaped and/or themed. + * See format_string() for details. + * @param $options + * An associative array of additional options, with the following elements: + * - 'langcode' (defaults to the current language): The language code to + * translate to a language other than what is used to display the page. + * - 'context' (defaults to the empty context): A string giving the context + * that the source string belongs to. See @ref sec_context above for more + * information. + * + * @return + * The translated string. + * + * @see st() + * @see get_t() + * @see format_string() + * @ingroup sanitization + */ +function t($string, array $args = array(), array $options = array()) { + global $language; + static $custom_strings; + + // Merge in default. + if (empty($options['langcode'])) { + $options['langcode'] = isset($language->language) ? $language->language : 'en'; + } + if (empty($options['context'])) { + $options['context'] = ''; + } + + // First, check for an array of customized strings. If present, use the array + // *instead of* database lookups. This is a high performance way to provide a + // handful of string replacements. See settings.php for examples. + // Cache the $custom_strings variable to improve performance. + if (!isset($custom_strings[$options['langcode']])) { + $custom_strings[$options['langcode']] = variable_get('locale_custom_strings_' . $options['langcode'], array()); + } + // Custom strings work for English too, even if locale module is disabled. + if (isset($custom_strings[$options['langcode']][$options['context']][$string])) { + $string = $custom_strings[$options['langcode']][$options['context']][$string]; + } + // Translate with locale module if enabled. + elseif ($options['langcode'] != 'en' && function_exists('locale')) { + $string = locale($string, $options['context'], $options['langcode']); + } + if (empty($args)) { + return $string; + } + else { + return format_string($string, $args); + } +} + +/** + * Formats a string for HTML display by replacing variable placeholders. + * + * This function replaces variable placeholders in a string with the requested + * values and escapes the values so they can be safely displayed as HTML. It + * should be used on any unknown text that is intended to be printed to an HTML + * page (especially text that may have come from untrusted users, since in that + * case it prevents cross-site scripting and other security problems). + * + * In most cases, you should use t() rather than calling this function + * directly, since it will translate the text (on non-English-only sites) in + * addition to formatting it. + * + * @param $string + * A string containing placeholders. + * @param $args + * An associative array of replacements to make. Occurrences in $string of + * any key in $args are replaced with the corresponding value, after optional + * sanitization and formatting. The type of sanitization and formatting + * depends on the first character of the key: + * - @variable: Escaped to HTML using check_plain(). Use this as the default + * choice for anything displayed on a page on the site. + * - %variable: Escaped to HTML and formatted using drupal_placeholder(), + * which makes it display as emphasized text. + * - !variable: Inserted as is, with no sanitization or formatting. Only use + * this for text that has already been prepared for HTML display (for + * example, user-supplied text that has already been run through + * check_plain() previously, or is expected to contain some limited HTML + * tags and has already been run through filter_xss() previously). + * + * @see t() + * @ingroup sanitization + */ +function format_string($string, array $args = array()) { + // Transform arguments before inserting them. + foreach ($args as $key => $value) { + switch ($key[0]) { + case '@': + // Escaped only. + $args[$key] = check_plain($value); + break; + + case '%': + default: + // Escaped and placeholder. + $args[$key] = drupal_placeholder($value); + break; + + case '!': + // Pass-through. + } + } + return strtr($string, $args); +} + +/** + * Encodes special characters in a plain-text string for display as HTML. + * + * Also validates strings as UTF-8 to prevent cross site scripting attacks on + * Internet Explorer 6. + * + * @param string $text + * The text to be checked or processed. + * + * @return string + * An HTML safe version of $text. If $text is not valid UTF-8, an empty string + * is returned and, on PHP < 5.4, a warning may be issued depending on server + * configuration (see @link https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=47494 @endlink). + * + * @see drupal_validate_utf8() + * @ingroup sanitization + */ +function check_plain($text) { + return htmlspecialchars($text, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); +} + +/** + * Checks whether a string is valid UTF-8. + * + * All functions designed to filter input should use drupal_validate_utf8 + * to ensure they operate on valid UTF-8 strings to prevent bypass of the + * filter. + * + * When text containing an invalid UTF-8 lead byte (0xC0 - 0xFF) is presented + * as UTF-8 to Internet Explorer 6, the program may misinterpret subsequent + * bytes. When these subsequent bytes are HTML control characters such as + * quotes or angle brackets, parts of the text that were deemed safe by filters + * end up in locations that are potentially unsafe; An onerror attribute that + * is outside of a tag, and thus deemed safe by a filter, can be interpreted + * by the browser as if it were inside the tag. + * + * The function does not return FALSE for strings containing character codes + * above U+10FFFF, even though these are prohibited by RFC 3629. + * + * @param $text + * The text to check. + * + * @return + * TRUE if the text is valid UTF-8, FALSE if not. + */ +function drupal_validate_utf8($text) { + if (strlen($text) == 0) { + return TRUE; + } + // With the PCRE_UTF8 modifier 'u', preg_match() fails silently on strings + // containing invalid UTF-8 byte sequences. It does not reject character + // codes above U+10FFFF (represented by 4 or more octets), though. + return (preg_match('/^./us', $text) == 1); +} + +/** + * Returns the equivalent of Apache's $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] variable. + * + * Because $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] is only available on Apache, we generate an + * equivalent using other environment variables. + */ +function request_uri() { + if (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) { + $uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; + } + else { + if (isset($_SERVER['argv'])) { + $uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] . '?' . $_SERVER['argv'][0]; + } + elseif (isset($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) { + $uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] . '?' . $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']; + } + else { + $uri = $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']; + } + } + // Prevent multiple slashes to avoid cross site requests via the Form API. + $uri = '/' . ltrim($uri, '/'); + + return $uri; +} + +/** + * Logs an exception. + * + * This is a wrapper function for watchdog() which automatically decodes an + * exception. + * + * @param $type + * The category to which this message belongs. + * @param $exception + * The exception that is going to be logged. + * @param $message + * The message to store in the log. If empty, a text that contains all useful + * information about the passed-in exception is used. + * @param $variables + * Array of variables to replace in the message on display. Defaults to the + * return value of _drupal_decode_exception(). + * @param $severity + * The severity of the message, as per RFC 3164. + * @param $link + * A link to associate with the message. + * + * @see watchdog() + * @see _drupal_decode_exception() + */ +function watchdog_exception($type, Exception $exception, $message = NULL, $variables = array(), $severity = WATCHDOG_ERROR, $link = NULL) { + + // Use a default value if $message is not set. + if (empty($message)) { + // The exception message is run through check_plain() by _drupal_decode_exception(). + $message = '%type: !message in %function (line %line of %file).'; + } + // $variables must be an array so that we can add the exception information. + if (!is_array($variables)) { + $variables = array(); + } + + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; + $variables += _drupal_decode_exception($exception); + watchdog($type, $message, $variables, $severity, $link); +} + +/** + * Logs a system message. + * + * @param $type + * The category to which this message belongs. Can be any string, but the + * general practice is to use the name of the module calling watchdog(). + * @param $message + * The message to store in the log. Keep $message translatable + * by not concatenating dynamic values into it! Variables in the + * message should be added by using placeholder strings alongside + * the variables argument to declare the value of the placeholders. + * See t() for documentation on how $message and $variables interact. + * @param $variables + * Array of variables to replace in the message on display or + * NULL if message is already translated or not possible to + * translate. + * @param $severity + * The severity of the message; one of the following values as defined in + * @link http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3164.html RFC 3164: @endlink + * - WATCHDOG_EMERGENCY: Emergency, system is unusable. + * - WATCHDOG_ALERT: Alert, action must be taken immediately. + * - WATCHDOG_CRITICAL: Critical conditions. + * - WATCHDOG_ERROR: Error conditions. + * - WATCHDOG_WARNING: Warning conditions. + * - WATCHDOG_NOTICE: (default) Normal but significant conditions. + * - WATCHDOG_INFO: Informational messages. + * - WATCHDOG_DEBUG: Debug-level messages. + * @param $link + * A link to associate with the message. + * + * @see watchdog_severity_levels() + * @see hook_watchdog() + */ +function watchdog($type, $message, $variables = array(), $severity = WATCHDOG_NOTICE, $link = NULL) { + global $user, $base_root; + + static $in_error_state = FALSE; + + // It is possible that the error handling will itself trigger an error. In that case, we could + // end up in an infinite loop. To avoid that, we implement a simple static semaphore. + if (!$in_error_state && function_exists('module_invoke_all')) { + $in_error_state = TRUE; + + // The user object may not exist in all conditions, so 0 is substituted if needed. + $user_uid = isset($user->uid) ? $user->uid : 0; + + // Prepare the fields to be logged + $log_entry = array( + 'type' => $type, + 'message' => $message, + 'variables' => $variables, + 'severity' => $severity, + 'link' => $link, + 'user' => $user, + 'uid' => $user_uid, + 'request_uri' => $base_root . request_uri(), + 'referer' => isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] : '', + 'ip' => ip_address(), + // Request time isn't accurate for long processes, use time() instead. + 'timestamp' => time(), + ); + + // Call the logging hooks to log/process the message + module_invoke_all('watchdog', $log_entry); + + // It is critical that the semaphore is only cleared here, in the parent + // watchdog() call (not outside the loop), to prevent recursive execution. + $in_error_state = FALSE; + } +} + +/** + * Sets a message to display to the user. + * + * Messages are stored in a session variable and displayed in page.tpl.php via + * the $messages theme variable. + * + * Example usage: + * @code + * drupal_set_message(t('An error occurred and processing did not complete.'), 'error'); + * @endcode + * + * @param string $message + * (optional) The translated message to be displayed to the user. For + * consistency with other messages, it should begin with a capital letter and + * end with a period. + * @param string $type + * (optional) The message's type. Defaults to 'status'. These values are + * supported: + * - 'status' + * - 'warning' + * - 'error' + * @param bool $repeat + * (optional) If this is FALSE and the message is already set, then the + * message won't be repeated. Defaults to TRUE. + * + * @return array|null + * A multidimensional array with keys corresponding to the set message types. + * The indexed array values of each contain the set messages for that type. + * Or, if there are no messages set, the function returns NULL. + * + * @see drupal_get_messages() + * @see theme_status_messages() + */ +function drupal_set_message($message = NULL, $type = 'status', $repeat = TRUE) { + if ($message || $message === '0' || $message === 0) { + if (!isset($_SESSION['messages'][$type])) { + $_SESSION['messages'][$type] = array(); + } + + if ($repeat || !in_array($message, $_SESSION['messages'][$type])) { + $_SESSION['messages'][$type][] = $message; + } + + // Mark this page as being uncacheable. + drupal_page_is_cacheable(FALSE); + } + + // Messages not set when DB connection fails. + return isset($_SESSION['messages']) ? $_SESSION['messages'] : NULL; +} + +/** + * Returns all messages that have been set with drupal_set_message(). + * + * @param string $type + * (optional) Limit the messages returned by type. Defaults to NULL, meaning + * all types. These values are supported: + * - NULL + * - 'status' + * - 'warning' + * - 'error' + * @param bool $clear_queue + * (optional) If this is TRUE, the queue will be cleared of messages of the + * type specified in the $type parameter. Otherwise the queue will be left + * intact. Defaults to TRUE. + * + * @return array + * A multidimensional array with keys corresponding to the set message types. + * The indexed array values of each contain the set messages for that type. + * The messages returned are limited to the type specified in the $type + * parameter. If there are no messages of the specified type, an empty array + * is returned. + * + * @see drupal_set_message() + * @see theme_status_messages() + */ +function drupal_get_messages($type = NULL, $clear_queue = TRUE) { + if ($messages = drupal_set_message()) { + if ($type) { + if ($clear_queue) { + unset($_SESSION['messages'][$type]); + } + if (isset($messages[$type])) { + return array($type => $messages[$type]); + } + } + else { + if ($clear_queue) { + unset($_SESSION['messages']); + } + return $messages; + } + } + return array(); +} + +/** + * Gets the title of the current page. + * + * The title is displayed on the page and in the title bar. + * + * @return + * The current page's title. + */ +function drupal_get_title() { + $title = drupal_set_title(); + + // During a bootstrap, menu.inc is not included and thus we cannot provide a title. + if (!isset($title) && function_exists('menu_get_active_title')) { + $title = check_plain(menu_get_active_title()); + } + + return $title; +} + +/** + * Sets the title of the current page. + * + * The title is displayed on the page and in the title bar. + * + * @param $title + * Optional string value to assign to the page title; or if set to NULL + * (default), leaves the current title unchanged. + * @param $output + * Optional flag - normally should be left as CHECK_PLAIN. Only set to + * PASS_THROUGH if you have already removed any possibly dangerous code + * from $title using a function like check_plain() or filter_xss(). With this + * flag the string will be passed through unchanged. + * + * @return + * The updated title of the current page. + */ +function drupal_set_title($title = NULL, $output = CHECK_PLAIN) { + $stored_title = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + + if (isset($title)) { + $stored_title = ($output == PASS_THROUGH) ? $title : check_plain($title); + } + + return $stored_title; +} + +/** + * Checks to see if an IP address has been blocked. + * + * Blocked IP addresses are stored in the database by default. However for + * performance reasons we allow an override in settings.php. This allows us + * to avoid querying the database at this critical stage of the bootstrap if + * an administrative interface for IP address blocking is not required. + * + * @param $ip + * IP address to check. + * + * @return bool + * TRUE if access is denied, FALSE if access is allowed. + */ +function drupal_is_denied($ip) { + // Because this function is called on every page request, we first check + // for an array of IP addresses in settings.php before querying the + // database. + $blocked_ips = variable_get('blocked_ips'); + $denied = FALSE; + if (isset($blocked_ips) && is_array($blocked_ips)) { + $denied = in_array($ip, $blocked_ips); + } + // Only check if database.inc is loaded already. If + // $conf['page_cache_without_database'] = TRUE; is set in settings.php, + // then the database won't be loaded here so the IPs in the database + // won't be denied. However the user asked explicitly not to use the + // database and also in this case it's quite likely that the user relies + // on higher performance solutions like a firewall. + elseif (class_exists('Database', FALSE)) { + $denied = (bool)db_query("SELECT 1 FROM {blocked_ips} WHERE ip = :ip", array(':ip' => $ip))->fetchField(); + } + return $denied; +} + +/** + * Handles denied users. + * + * @param $ip + * IP address to check. Prints a message and exits if access is denied. + */ +function drupal_block_denied($ip) { + // Deny access to blocked IP addresses - t() is not yet available. + if (drupal_is_denied($ip)) { + header($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] . ' 403 Forbidden'); + print 'Sorry, ' . check_plain(ip_address()) . ' has been banned.'; + exit(); + } +} + +/** + * Returns a URL-safe, base64 encoded string of highly randomized bytes (over the full 8-bit range). + * + * @param $byte_count + * The number of random bytes to fetch and base64 encode. + * + * @return string + * The base64 encoded result will have a length of up to 4 * $byte_count. + */ +function drupal_random_key($byte_count = 32) { + return drupal_base64_encode(drupal_random_bytes($byte_count)); +} + +/** + * Returns a URL-safe, base64 encoded version of the supplied string. + * + * @param $string + * The string to convert to base64. + * + * @return string + */ +function drupal_base64_encode($string) { + $data = base64_encode($string); + // Modify the output so it's safe to use in URLs. + return strtr($data, array('+' => '-', '/' => '_', '=' => '')); +} + +/** + * Returns a string of highly randomized bytes (over the full 8-bit range). + * + * This function is better than simply calling mt_rand() or any other built-in + * PHP function because it can return a long string of bytes (compared to < 4 + * bytes normally from mt_rand()) and uses the best available pseudo-random + * source. + * + * @param $count + * The number of characters (bytes) to return in the string. + */ +function drupal_random_bytes($count) { + // $random_state does not use drupal_static as it stores random bytes. + static $random_state, $bytes, $has_openssl; + + $missing_bytes = $count - strlen($bytes); + + if ($missing_bytes > 0) { + // PHP versions prior 5.3.4 experienced openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() + // locking on Windows and rendered it unusable. + if (!isset($has_openssl)) { + $has_openssl = version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.4', '>=') && function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes'); + } + + // openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() will find entropy in a system-dependent + // way. + if ($has_openssl) { + $bytes .= openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($missing_bytes); + } + + // Else, read directly from /dev/urandom, which is available on many *nix + // systems and is considered cryptographically secure. + elseif ($fh = @fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb')) { + // PHP only performs buffered reads, so in reality it will always read + // at least 4096 bytes. Thus, it costs nothing extra to read and store + // that much so as to speed any additional invocations. + $bytes .= fread($fh, max(4096, $missing_bytes)); + fclose($fh); + } + + // If we couldn't get enough entropy, this simple hash-based PRNG will + // generate a good set of pseudo-random bytes on any system. + // Note that it may be important that our $random_state is passed + // through hash() prior to being rolled into $output, that the two hash() + // invocations are different, and that the extra input into the first one - + // the microtime() - is prepended rather than appended. This is to avoid + // directly leaking $random_state via the $output stream, which could + // allow for trivial prediction of further "random" numbers. + if (strlen($bytes) < $count) { + // Initialize on the first call. The contents of $_SERVER includes a mix of + // user-specific and system information that varies a little with each page. + if (!isset($random_state)) { + $random_state = print_r($_SERVER, TRUE); + if (function_exists('getmypid')) { + // Further initialize with the somewhat random PHP process ID. + $random_state .= getmypid(); + } + $bytes = ''; + } + + do { + $random_state = hash('sha256', microtime() . mt_rand() . $random_state); + $bytes .= hash('sha256', mt_rand() . $random_state, TRUE); + } + while (strlen($bytes) < $count); + } + } + $output = substr($bytes, 0, $count); + $bytes = substr($bytes, $count); + return $output; +} + +/** + * Calculates a base-64 encoded, URL-safe sha-256 hmac. + * + * @param string $data + * String to be validated with the hmac. + * @param string $key + * A secret string key. + * + * @return string + * A base-64 encoded sha-256 hmac, with + replaced with -, / with _ and + * any = padding characters removed. + */ +function drupal_hmac_base64($data, $key) { + // Casting $data and $key to strings here is necessary to avoid empty string + // results of the hash function if they are not scalar values. As this + // function is used in security-critical contexts like token validation it is + // important that it never returns an empty string. + $hmac = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha256', (string) $data, (string) $key, TRUE)); + // Modify the hmac so it's safe to use in URLs. + return strtr($hmac, array('+' => '-', '/' => '_', '=' => '')); +} + +/** + * Calculates a base-64 encoded, URL-safe sha-256 hash. + * + * @param $data + * String to be hashed. + * + * @return + * A base-64 encoded sha-256 hash, with + replaced with -, / with _ and + * any = padding characters removed. + */ +function drupal_hash_base64($data) { + $hash = base64_encode(hash('sha256', $data, TRUE)); + // Modify the hash so it's safe to use in URLs. + return strtr($hash, array('+' => '-', '/' => '_', '=' => '')); +} + +/** + * Merges multiple arrays, recursively, and returns the merged array. + * + * This function is similar to PHP's array_merge_recursive() function, but it + * handles non-array values differently. When merging values that are not both + * arrays, the latter value replaces the former rather than merging with it. + * + * Example: + * @code + * $link_options_1 = array('fragment' => 'x', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('X'), 'class' => array('a', 'b'))); + * $link_options_2 = array('fragment' => 'y', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('Y'), 'class' => array('c', 'd'))); + * + * // This results in array('fragment' => array('x', 'y'), 'attributes' => array('title' => array(t('X'), t('Y')), 'class' => array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'))). + * $incorrect = array_merge_recursive($link_options_1, $link_options_2); + * + * // This results in array('fragment' => 'y', 'attributes' => array('title' => t('Y'), 'class' => array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'))). + * $correct = drupal_array_merge_deep($link_options_1, $link_options_2); + * @endcode + * + * @param ... + * Arrays to merge. + * + * @return + * The merged array. + * + * @see drupal_array_merge_deep_array() + */ +function drupal_array_merge_deep() { + $args = func_get_args(); + return drupal_array_merge_deep_array($args); +} + +/** + * Merges multiple arrays, recursively, and returns the merged array. + * + * This function is equivalent to drupal_array_merge_deep(), except the + * input arrays are passed as a single array parameter rather than a variable + * parameter list. + * + * The following are equivalent: + * - drupal_array_merge_deep($a, $b); + * - drupal_array_merge_deep_array(array($a, $b)); + * + * The following are also equivalent: + * - call_user_func_array('drupal_array_merge_deep', $arrays_to_merge); + * - drupal_array_merge_deep_array($arrays_to_merge); + * + * @see drupal_array_merge_deep() + */ +function drupal_array_merge_deep_array($arrays) { + $result = array(); + + foreach ($arrays as $array) { + foreach ($array as $key => $value) { + // Renumber integer keys as array_merge_recursive() does. Note that PHP + // automatically converts array keys that are integer strings (e.g., '1') + // to integers. + if (is_integer($key)) { + $result[] = $value; + } + // Recurse when both values are arrays. + elseif (isset($result[$key]) && is_array($result[$key]) && is_array($value)) { + $result[$key] = drupal_array_merge_deep_array(array($result[$key], $value)); + } + // Otherwise, use the latter value, overriding any previous value. + else { + $result[$key] = $value; + } + } + } + + return $result; +} + +/** + * Generates a default anonymous $user object. + * + * @return Object - the user object. + */ +function drupal_anonymous_user() { + $user = variable_get('drupal_anonymous_user_object', new stdClass); + $user->uid = 0; + $user->hostname = ip_address(); + $user->roles = array(); + $user->roles[DRUPAL_ANONYMOUS_RID] = 'anonymous user'; + $user->cache = 0; + return $user; +} + +/** + * Ensures Drupal is bootstrapped to the specified phase. + * + * In order to bootstrap Drupal from another PHP script, you can use this code: + * @code + * define('DRUPAL_ROOT', '/path/to/drupal'); + * require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/bootstrap.inc'; + * drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL); + * @endcode + * + * @param int $phase + * A constant telling which phase to bootstrap to. When you bootstrap to a + * particular phase, all earlier phases are run automatically. Possible + * values: + * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION: Initializes configuration. + * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE: Tries to serve a cached page. + * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE: Initializes the database layer. + * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES: Initializes the variable system. + * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION: Initializes session handling. + * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER: Sets up the page header. + * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE: Finds out the language of the page. + * - DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL: Fully loads Drupal. Validates and fixes input + * data. + * @param boolean $new_phase + * A boolean, set to FALSE if calling drupal_bootstrap from inside a + * function called from drupal_bootstrap (recursion). + * + * @return int + * The most recently completed phase. + */ +function drupal_bootstrap($phase = NULL, $new_phase = TRUE) { + // Not drupal_static(), because does not depend on any run-time information. + static $phases = array( + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE, + DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL, + ); + // Not drupal_static(), because the only legitimate API to control this is to + // call drupal_bootstrap() with a new phase parameter. + static $final_phase; + // Not drupal_static(), because it's impossible to roll back to an earlier + // bootstrap state. + static $stored_phase = -1; + + if (isset($phase)) { + // When not recursing, store the phase name so it's not forgotten while + // recursing but take care of not going backwards. + if ($new_phase && $phase >= $stored_phase) { + $final_phase = $phase; + } + + // Call a phase if it has not been called before and is below the requested + // phase. + while ($phases && $phase > $stored_phase && $final_phase > $stored_phase) { + $current_phase = array_shift($phases); + + // This function is re-entrant. Only update the completed phase when the + // current call actually resulted in a progress in the bootstrap process. + if ($current_phase > $stored_phase) { + $stored_phase = $current_phase; + } + + switch ($current_phase) { + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIGURATION: + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/request-sanitizer.inc'; + _drupal_bootstrap_configuration(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_CACHE: + _drupal_bootstrap_page_cache(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_DATABASE: + _drupal_bootstrap_database(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES: + _drupal_bootstrap_variables(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_SESSION: + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . variable_get('session_inc', 'includes/session.inc'); + drupal_session_initialize(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_PAGE_HEADER: + _drupal_bootstrap_page_header(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_LANGUAGE: + drupal_language_initialize(); + break; + + case DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL: + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc'; + _drupal_bootstrap_full(); + break; + } + } + } + return $stored_phase; +} + +/** + * Returns the time zone of the current user. + */ +function drupal_get_user_timezone() { + global $user; + if (variable_get('configurable_timezones', 1) && $user->uid && $user->timezone) { + return $user->timezone; + } + else { + // Ignore PHP strict notice if time zone has not yet been set in the php.ini + // configuration. + return variable_get('date_default_timezone', @date_default_timezone_get()); + } +} + +/** + * Gets a salt useful for hardening against SQL injection. + * + * @return + * A salt based on information in settings.php, not in the database. + */ +function drupal_get_hash_salt() { + global $drupal_hash_salt, $databases; + // If the $drupal_hash_salt variable is empty, a hash of the serialized + // database credentials is used as a fallback salt. + return empty($drupal_hash_salt) ? hash('sha256', serialize($databases)) : $drupal_hash_salt; +} + +/** + * Provides custom PHP error handling. + * + * @param $error_level + * The level of the error raised. + * @param $message + * The error message. + * @param $filename + * The filename that the error was raised in. + * @param $line + * The line number the error was raised at. + * @param $context + * An array that points to the active symbol table at the point the error + * occurred. + */ +function _drupal_error_handler($error_level, $message, $filename, $line, $context) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; + _drupal_error_handler_real($error_level, $message, $filename, $line, $context); +} + +/** + * Provides custom PHP exception handling. + * + * Uncaught exceptions are those not enclosed in a try/catch block. They are + * always fatal: the execution of the script will stop as soon as the exception + * handler exits. + * + * @param $exception + * The exception object that was thrown. + */ +function _drupal_exception_handler($exception) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; + + try { + // Log the message to the watchdog and return an error page to the user. + _drupal_log_error(_drupal_decode_exception($exception), TRUE); + } + catch (Exception $exception2) { + // Add a 500 status code in case an exception was thrown before the 500 + // status could be set (e.g. while loading a maintenance theme from cache). + drupal_add_http_header('Status', '500 Internal Server Error'); + + // Another uncaught exception was thrown while handling the first one. + // If we are displaying errors, then do so with no possibility of a further uncaught exception being thrown. + if (error_displayable()) { + print '

Additional uncaught exception thrown while handling exception.

'; + print '

Original

' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception) . '

'; + print '

Additional

' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception2) . '

'; + } + } +} + +/** + * Sets up the script environment and loads settings.php. + */ +function _drupal_bootstrap_configuration() { + // Set the Drupal custom error handler. + set_error_handler('_drupal_error_handler'); + set_exception_handler('_drupal_exception_handler'); + + drupal_environment_initialize(); + // Start a page timer: + timer_start('page'); + // Initialize the configuration, including variables from settings.php. + drupal_settings_initialize(); + + // Sanitize unsafe keys from the request. + DrupalRequestSanitizer::sanitize(); +} + +/** + * Attempts to serve a page from the cache. + */ +function _drupal_bootstrap_page_cache() { + global $user; + + // Allow specifying special cache handlers in settings.php, like + // using memcached or files for storing cache information. + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/cache.inc'; + foreach (variable_get('cache_backends', array()) as $include) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $include; + } + // Check for a cache mode force from settings.php. + if (variable_get('page_cache_without_database')) { + $cache_enabled = TRUE; + } + else { + drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES, FALSE); + $cache_enabled = variable_get('cache'); + } + drupal_block_denied(ip_address()); + // If there is no session cookie and cache is enabled (or forced), try + // to serve a cached page. + if (!isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]) && $cache_enabled) { + // Make sure there is a user object because its timestamp will be + // checked, hook_boot might check for anonymous user etc. + $user = drupal_anonymous_user(); + // Get the page from the cache. + $cache = drupal_page_get_cache(); + // If there is a cached page, display it. + if (is_object($cache)) { + header('X-Drupal-Cache: HIT'); + // Restore the metadata cached with the page. + $_GET['q'] = $cache->data['path']; + drupal_set_title($cache->data['title'], PASS_THROUGH); + date_default_timezone_set(drupal_get_user_timezone()); + // If the skipping of the bootstrap hooks is not enforced, call + // hook_boot. + if (variable_get('page_cache_invoke_hooks', TRUE)) { + bootstrap_invoke_all('boot'); + } + drupal_serve_page_from_cache($cache); + // If the skipping of the bootstrap hooks is not enforced, call + // hook_exit. + if (variable_get('page_cache_invoke_hooks', TRUE)) { + bootstrap_invoke_all('exit'); + } + // We are done. + exit; + } + else { + header('X-Drupal-Cache: MISS'); + } + } +} + +/** + * Initializes the database system and registers autoload functions. + */ +function _drupal_bootstrap_database() { + // Redirect the user to the installation script if Drupal has not been + // installed yet (i.e., if no $databases array has been defined in the + // settings.php file) and we are not already installing. + if (empty($GLOBALS['databases']) && !drupal_installation_attempted()) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/install.inc'; + install_goto('install.php'); + } + + // The user agent header is used to pass a database prefix in the request when + // running tests. However, for security reasons, it is imperative that we + // validate we ourselves made the request. + if ($test_prefix = drupal_valid_test_ua()) { + // Set the test run id for use in other parts of Drupal. + $test_info = &$GLOBALS['drupal_test_info']; + $test_info['test_run_id'] = $test_prefix; + $test_info['in_child_site'] = TRUE; + + foreach ($GLOBALS['databases']['default'] as &$value) { + // Extract the current default database prefix. + if (!isset($value['prefix'])) { + $current_prefix = ''; + } + elseif (is_array($value['prefix'])) { + $current_prefix = $value['prefix']['default']; + } + else { + $current_prefix = $value['prefix']; + } + + // Remove the current database prefix and replace it by our own. + $value['prefix'] = array( + 'default' => $current_prefix . $test_prefix, + ); + } + } + + // Initialize the database system. Note that the connection + // won't be initialized until it is actually requested. + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/database/database.inc'; + + // Register autoload functions so that we can access classes and interfaces. + // The database autoload routine comes first so that we can load the database + // system without hitting the database. That is especially important during + // the install or upgrade process. + spl_autoload_register('drupal_autoload_class'); + spl_autoload_register('drupal_autoload_interface'); + if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.4') >= 0) { + spl_autoload_register('drupal_autoload_trait'); + } +} + +/** + * Loads system variables and all enabled bootstrap modules. + */ +function _drupal_bootstrap_variables() { + global $conf; + + // Initialize the lock system. + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . variable_get('lock_inc', 'includes/lock.inc'); + lock_initialize(); + + // Load variables from the database, but do not overwrite variables set in settings.php. + $conf = variable_initialize(isset($conf) ? $conf : array()); + // Load bootstrap modules. + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/module.inc'; + module_load_all(TRUE); + + // Sanitize the destination parameter (which is often used for redirects) to + // prevent open redirect attacks leading to other domains. Sanitize both + // $_GET['destination'] and $_REQUEST['destination'] to protect code that + // relies on either, but do not sanitize $_POST to avoid interfering with + // unrelated form submissions. The sanitization happens here because + // url_is_external() requires the variable system to be available. + if (isset($_GET['destination']) || isset($_REQUEST['destination'])) { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc'; + // If the destination is an external URL, remove it. + if (isset($_GET['destination']) && url_is_external($_GET['destination'])) { + unset($_GET['destination']); + unset($_REQUEST['destination']); + } + // Use the DrupalRequestSanitizer to ensure that the destination's query + // parameters are not dangerous. + if (isset($_GET['destination'])) { + DrupalRequestSanitizer::cleanDestination(); + } + // If there's still something in $_REQUEST['destination'] that didn't come + // from $_GET, check it too. + if (isset($_REQUEST['destination']) && (!isset($_GET['destination']) || $_REQUEST['destination'] != $_GET['destination']) && url_is_external($_REQUEST['destination'])) { + unset($_REQUEST['destination']); + } + } +} + +/** + * Invokes hook_boot(), initializes locking system, and sends HTTP headers. + */ +function _drupal_bootstrap_page_header() { + bootstrap_invoke_all('boot'); + + if (!drupal_is_cli()) { + ob_start(); + drupal_page_header(); + } +} + +/** + * Returns the current bootstrap phase for this Drupal process. + * + * The current phase is the one most recently completed by drupal_bootstrap(). + * + * @see drupal_bootstrap() + */ +function drupal_get_bootstrap_phase() { + return drupal_bootstrap(NULL, FALSE); +} + +/** + * Returns the test prefix if this is an internal request from SimpleTest. + * + * @return + * Either the simpletest prefix (the string "simpletest" followed by any + * number of digits) or FALSE if the user agent does not contain a valid + * HMAC and timestamp. + */ +function drupal_valid_test_ua() { + // No reason to reset this. + static $test_prefix; + + if (isset($test_prefix)) { + return $test_prefix; + } + + if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) && preg_match("/^(simpletest\d+);(.+);(.+);(.+)$/", $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], $matches)) { + list(, $prefix, $time, $salt, $hmac) = $matches; + $check_string = $prefix . ';' . $time . ';' . $salt; + // We use the salt from settings.php to make the HMAC key, since + // the database is not yet initialized and we can't access any Drupal variables. + // The file properties add more entropy not easily accessible to others. + $key = drupal_get_hash_salt() . filectime(__FILE__) . fileinode(__FILE__); + $time_diff = REQUEST_TIME - $time; + // Since we are making a local request a 5 second time window is allowed, + // and the HMAC must match. + if ($time_diff >= 0 && $time_diff <= 5 && $hmac == drupal_hmac_base64($check_string, $key)) { + $test_prefix = $prefix; + return $test_prefix; + } + } + + $test_prefix = FALSE; + return $test_prefix; +} + +/** + * Generates a user agent string with a HMAC and timestamp for simpletest. + */ +function drupal_generate_test_ua($prefix) { + static $key; + + if (!isset($key)) { + // We use the salt from settings.php to make the HMAC key, since + // the database is not yet initialized and we can't access any Drupal variables. + // The file properties add more entropy not easily accessible to others. + $key = drupal_get_hash_salt() . filectime(__FILE__) . fileinode(__FILE__); + } + // Generate a moderately secure HMAC based on the database credentials. + $salt = uniqid('', TRUE); + $check_string = $prefix . ';' . time() . ';' . $salt; + return $check_string . ';' . drupal_hmac_base64($check_string, $key); +} + +/** + * Enables use of the theme system without requiring database access. + * + * Loads and initializes the theme system for site installs, updates and when + * the site is in maintenance mode. This also applies when the database fails. + * + * @see _drupal_maintenance_theme() + */ +function drupal_maintenance_theme() { + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/theme.maintenance.inc'; + _drupal_maintenance_theme(); +} + +/** + * Returns a simple 404 Not Found page. + * + * If fast 404 pages are enabled, and this is a matching page then print a + * simple 404 page and exit. + * + * This function is called from drupal_deliver_html_page() at the time when a + * a normal 404 page is generated, but it can also optionally be called directly + * from settings.php to prevent a Drupal bootstrap on these pages. See + * documentation in settings.php for the benefits and drawbacks of using this. + * + * Paths to dynamically-generated content, such as image styles, should also be + * accounted for in this function. + */ +function drupal_fast_404() { + $exclude_paths = variable_get('404_fast_paths_exclude', FALSE); + if ($exclude_paths && !preg_match($exclude_paths, $_GET['q'])) { + $fast_paths = variable_get('404_fast_paths', FALSE); + if ($fast_paths && preg_match($fast_paths, $_GET['q'])) { + drupal_add_http_header('Status', '404 Not Found'); + $fast_404_html = variable_get('404_fast_html', '404 Not Found

Not Found

The requested URL "@path" was not found on this server.

'); + // Replace @path in the variable with the page path. + print strtr($fast_404_html, array('@path' => check_plain(request_uri()))); + exit; + } + } +} + +/** + * Returns TRUE if a Drupal installation is currently being attempted. + */ +function drupal_installation_attempted() { + return defined('MAINTENANCE_MODE') && MAINTENANCE_MODE == 'install'; +} + +/** + * Returns the name of the proper localization function. + * + * get_t() exists to support localization for code that might run during + * the installation phase, when some elements of the system might not have + * loaded. + * + * This would include implementations of hook_install(), which could run + * during the Drupal installation phase, and might also be run during + * non-installation time, such as while installing the module from the + * module administration page. + * + * Example usage: + * @code + * $t = get_t(); + * $translated = $t('translate this'); + * @endcode + * + * Use t() if your code will never run during the Drupal installation phase. + * Use st() if your code will only run during installation and never any other + * time. Use get_t() if your code could run in either circumstance. + * + * @see t() + * @see st() + * @ingroup sanitization + */ +function get_t() { + static $t; + // This is not converted to drupal_static because there is no point in + // resetting this as it can not change in the course of a request. + if (!isset($t)) { + $t = drupal_installation_attempted() ? 'st' : 't'; + } + return $t; +} + +/** + * Initializes all the defined language types. + */ +function drupal_language_initialize() { + $types = language_types(); + + // Ensure the language is correctly returned, even without multilanguage + // support. Also make sure we have a $language fallback, in case a language + // negotiation callback needs to do a full bootstrap. + // Useful for eg. XML/HTML 'lang' attributes. + $default = language_default(); + foreach ($types as $type) { + $GLOBALS[$type] = $default; + } + if (drupal_multilingual()) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/language.inc'; + foreach ($types as $type) { + $GLOBALS[$type] = language_initialize($type); + } + // Allow modules to react on language system initialization in multilingual + // environments. + bootstrap_invoke_all('language_init'); + } +} + +/** + * Returns a list of the built-in language types. + * + * @return + * An array of key-values pairs where the key is the language type and the + * value is its configurability. + */ +function drupal_language_types() { + return array( + LANGUAGE_TYPE_INTERFACE => TRUE, + LANGUAGE_TYPE_CONTENT => FALSE, + LANGUAGE_TYPE_URL => FALSE, + ); +} + +/** + * Returns TRUE if there is more than one language enabled. + * + * @return + * TRUE if more than one language is enabled. + */ +function drupal_multilingual() { + // The "language_count" variable stores the number of enabled languages to + // avoid unnecessarily querying the database when building the list of + // enabled languages on monolingual sites. + return variable_get('language_count', 1) > 1; +} + +/** + * Returns an array of the available language types. + * + * @return + * An array of all language types where the keys of each are the language type + * name and its value is its configurability (TRUE/FALSE). + */ +function language_types() { + return array_keys(variable_get('language_types', drupal_language_types())); +} + +/** + * Returns a list of installed languages, indexed by the specified key. + * + * @param $field + * (optional) The field to index the list with. + * + * @return + * An associative array, keyed on the values of $field. + * - If $field is 'weight' or 'enabled', the array is nested, with the outer + * array's values each being associative arrays with language codes as + * keys and language objects as values. + * - For all other values of $field, the array is only one level deep, and + * the array's values are language objects. + */ +function language_list($field = 'language') { + $languages = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + // Init language list + if (!isset($languages)) { + if (drupal_multilingual() || module_exists('locale')) { + $languages['language'] = db_query('SELECT * FROM {languages} ORDER BY weight ASC, name ASC')->fetchAllAssoc('language'); + // Users cannot uninstall the native English language. However, we allow + // it to be hidden from the installed languages. Therefore, at least one + // other language must be enabled then. + if (!$languages['language']['en']->enabled && !variable_get('language_native_enabled', TRUE)) { + unset($languages['language']['en']); + } + } + else { + // No locale module, so use the default language only. + $default = language_default(); + $languages['language'][$default->language] = $default; + } + } + + // Return the array indexed by the right field + if (!isset($languages[$field])) { + $languages[$field] = array(); + foreach ($languages['language'] as $lang) { + // Some values should be collected into an array + if (in_array($field, array('enabled', 'weight'))) { + $languages[$field][$lang->$field][$lang->language] = $lang; + } + else { + $languages[$field][$lang->$field] = $lang; + } + } + } + return $languages[$field]; +} + +/** + * Returns the default language, as an object, or one of its properties. + * + * @param $property + * (optional) The property of the language object to return. + * + * @return + * Either the language object for the default language used on the site, + * or the property of that object named in the $property parameter. + */ +function language_default($property = NULL) { + $language = variable_get('language_default', (object) array('language' => 'en', 'name' => 'English', 'native' => 'English', 'direction' => 0, 'enabled' => 1, 'plurals' => 0, 'formula' => '', 'domain' => '', 'prefix' => '', 'weight' => 0, 'javascript' => '')); + return $property ? $language->$property : $language; +} + +/** + * Returns the requested URL path of the page being viewed. + * + * Examples: + * - http://example.com/node/306 returns "node/306". + * - http://example.com/drupalfolder/node/306 returns "node/306" while + * base_path() returns "/drupalfolder/". + * - http://example.com/path/alias (which is a path alias for node/306) returns + * "path/alias" as opposed to the internal path. + * - http://example.com/index.php returns an empty string (meaning: front page). + * - http://example.com/index.php?page=1 returns an empty string. + * + * @return + * The requested Drupal URL path. + * + * @see current_path() + */ +function request_path() { + static $path; + + if (isset($path)) { + return $path; + } + + if (isset($_GET['q']) && is_string($_GET['q'])) { + // This is a request with a ?q=foo/bar query string. $_GET['q'] is + // overwritten in drupal_path_initialize(), but request_path() is called + // very early in the bootstrap process, so the original value is saved in + // $path and returned in later calls. + $path = $_GET['q']; + } + elseif (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) { + // This request is either a clean URL, or 'index.php', or nonsense. + // Extract the path from REQUEST_URI. + $request_path = strtok($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], '?'); + $base_path_len = strlen(rtrim(dirname($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '\/')); + // Unescape and strip $base_path prefix, leaving q without a leading slash. + $path = substr(urldecode($request_path), $base_path_len + 1); + // If the path equals the script filename, either because 'index.php' was + // explicitly provided in the URL, or because the server added it to + // $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] even when it wasn't provided in the URL (some + // versions of Microsoft IIS do this), the front page should be served. + if ($path == basename($_SERVER['PHP_SELF'])) { + $path = ''; + } + } + else { + // This is the front page. + $path = ''; + } + + // Under certain conditions Apache's RewriteRule directive prepends the value + // assigned to $_GET['q'] with a slash. Moreover we can always have a trailing + // slash in place, hence we need to normalize $_GET['q']. + $path = trim($path, '/'); + + return $path; +} + +/** + * Returns a component of the current Drupal path. + * + * When viewing a page at the path "admin/structure/types", for example, arg(0) + * returns "admin", arg(1) returns "structure", and arg(2) returns "types". + * + * Avoid use of this function where possible, as resulting code is hard to + * read. In menu callback functions, attempt to use named arguments. See the + * explanation in menu.inc for how to construct callbacks that take arguments. + * When attempting to use this function to load an element from the current + * path, e.g. loading the node on a node page, use menu_get_object() instead. + * + * @param $index + * The index of the component, where each component is separated by a '/' + * (forward-slash), and where the first component has an index of 0 (zero). + * @param $path + * A path to break into components. Defaults to the path of the current page. + * + * @return + * The component specified by $index, or NULL if the specified component was + * not found. If called without arguments, it returns an array containing all + * the components of the current path. + */ +function arg($index = NULL, $path = NULL) { + // Even though $arguments doesn't need to be resettable for any functional + // reasons (the result of explode() does not depend on any run-time + // information), it should be resettable anyway in case a module needs to + // free up the memory used by it. + // Use the advanced drupal_static() pattern, since this is called very often. + static $drupal_static_fast; + if (!isset($drupal_static_fast)) { + $drupal_static_fast['arguments'] = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + } + $arguments = &$drupal_static_fast['arguments']; + + if (!isset($path)) { + $path = $_GET['q']; + } + if (!isset($arguments[$path])) { + $arguments[$path] = explode('/', $path); + } + if (!isset($index)) { + return $arguments[$path]; + } + if (isset($arguments[$path][$index])) { + return $arguments[$path][$index]; + } +} + +/** + * Returns the IP address of the client machine. + * + * If Drupal is behind a reverse proxy, we use the X-Forwarded-For header + * instead of $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], which would be the IP address of + * the proxy server, and not the client's. The actual header name can be + * configured by the reverse_proxy_header variable. + * + * @return + * IP address of client machine, adjusted for reverse proxy and/or cluster + * environments. + */ +function ip_address() { + $ip_address = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + + if (!isset($ip_address)) { + $ip_address = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; + + if (variable_get('reverse_proxy', 0)) { + $reverse_proxy_header = variable_get('reverse_proxy_header', 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'); + if (!empty($_SERVER[$reverse_proxy_header])) { + // If an array of known reverse proxy IPs is provided, then trust + // the XFF header if request really comes from one of them. + $reverse_proxy_addresses = variable_get('reverse_proxy_addresses', array()); + + // Turn XFF header into an array. + $forwarded = explode(',', $_SERVER[$reverse_proxy_header]); + + // Trim the forwarded IPs; they may have been delimited by commas and spaces. + $forwarded = array_map('trim', $forwarded); + + // Tack direct client IP onto end of forwarded array. + $forwarded[] = $ip_address; + + // Eliminate all trusted IPs. + $untrusted = array_diff($forwarded, $reverse_proxy_addresses); + + if (!empty($untrusted)) { + // The right-most IP is the most specific we can trust. + $ip_address = array_pop($untrusted); + } + else { + // All IP addresses in the forwarded array are configured proxy IPs + // (and thus trusted). We take the leftmost IP. + $ip_address = array_shift($forwarded); + } + } + } + } + + return $ip_address; +} + +/** + * @addtogroup schemaapi + * @{ + */ + +/** + * Gets the schema definition of a table, or the whole database schema. + * + * The returned schema will include any modifications made by any + * module that implements hook_schema_alter(). To get the schema without + * modifications, use drupal_get_schema_unprocessed(). + * + * + * @param $table + * The name of the table. If not given, the schema of all tables is returned. + * @param $rebuild + * If true, the schema will be rebuilt instead of retrieved from the cache. + */ +function drupal_get_schema($table = NULL, $rebuild = FALSE) { + static $schema; + + if ($rebuild || !isset($table)) { + $schema = drupal_get_complete_schema($rebuild); + } + elseif (!isset($schema)) { + $schema = new SchemaCache(); + } + + if (!isset($table)) { + return $schema; + } + if (isset($schema[$table])) { + return $schema[$table]; + } + else { + return FALSE; + } +} + +/** + * Extends DrupalCacheArray to allow for dynamic building of the schema cache. + */ +class SchemaCache extends DrupalCacheArray { + + /** + * Constructs a SchemaCache object. + */ + public function __construct() { + // Cache by request method. + parent::__construct('schema:runtime:' . ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET'), 'cache'); + } + + /** + * Overrides DrupalCacheArray::resolveCacheMiss(). + */ + protected function resolveCacheMiss($offset) { + $complete_schema = drupal_get_complete_schema(); + $value = isset($complete_schema[$offset]) ? $complete_schema[$offset] : NULL; + $this->storage[$offset] = $value; + $this->persist($offset); + return $value; + } +} + +/** + * Gets the whole database schema. + * + * The returned schema will include any modifications made by any + * module that implements hook_schema_alter(). + * + * @param $rebuild + * If true, the schema will be rebuilt instead of retrieved from the cache. + */ +function drupal_get_complete_schema($rebuild = FALSE) { + static $schema = array(); + + if (empty($schema) || $rebuild) { + // Try to load the schema from cache. + if (!$rebuild && $cached = cache_get('schema')) { + $schema = $cached->data; + } + // Otherwise, rebuild the schema cache. + else { + $schema = array(); + // Load the .install files to get hook_schema. + // On some databases this function may be called before bootstrap has + // been completed, so we force the functions we need to load just in case. + if (function_exists('module_load_all_includes')) { + // This function can be called very early in the bootstrap process, so + // we force the module_list() cache to be refreshed to ensure that it + // contains the complete list of modules before we go on to call + // module_load_all_includes(). + module_list(TRUE); + module_load_all_includes('install'); + } + + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/common.inc'; + // Invoke hook_schema for all modules. + foreach (module_implements('schema') as $module) { + // Cast the result of hook_schema() to an array, as a NULL return value + // would cause array_merge() to set the $schema variable to NULL as well. + // That would break modules which use $schema further down the line. + $current = (array) module_invoke($module, 'schema'); + // Set 'module' and 'name' keys for each table, and remove descriptions, + // as they needlessly slow down cache_get() for every single request. + _drupal_schema_initialize($current, $module); + $schema = array_merge($schema, $current); + } + + drupal_alter('schema', $schema); + // If the schema is empty, avoid saving it: some database engines require + // the schema to perform queries, and this could lead to infinite loops. + if (!empty($schema) && (drupal_get_bootstrap_phase() == DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL)) { + cache_set('schema', $schema); + } + if ($rebuild) { + cache_clear_all('schema:', 'cache', TRUE); + } + } + } + + return $schema; +} + +/** + * @} End of "addtogroup schemaapi". + */ + + +/** + * @addtogroup registry + * @{ + */ + +/** + * Confirms that an interface is available. + * + * This function is rarely called directly. Instead, it is registered as an + * spl_autoload() handler, and PHP calls it for us when necessary. + * + * @param $interface + * The name of the interface to check or load. + * + * @return + * TRUE if the interface is currently available, FALSE otherwise. + */ +function drupal_autoload_interface($interface) { + return _registry_check_code('interface', $interface); +} + +/** + * Confirms that a class is available. + * + * This function is rarely called directly. Instead, it is registered as an + * spl_autoload() handler, and PHP calls it for us when necessary. + * + * @param $class + * The name of the class to check or load. + * + * @return + * TRUE if the class is currently available, FALSE otherwise. + */ +function drupal_autoload_class($class) { + return _registry_check_code('class', $class); +} + +/** + * Confirms that a trait is available. + * + * This function is rarely called directly. Instead, it is registered as an + * spl_autoload() handler, and PHP calls it for us when necessary. + * + * @param string $trait + * The name of the trait to check or load. + * + * @return bool + * TRUE if the trait is currently available, FALSE otherwise. + */ +function drupal_autoload_trait($trait) { + return _registry_check_code('trait', $trait); +} + +/** + * Checks for a resource in the registry. + * + * @param $type + * The type of resource we are looking up, or one of the constants + * REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE or REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE, which + * signal that we should reset or write the cache, respectively. + * @param $name + * The name of the resource, or NULL if either of the REGISTRY_* constants + * is passed in. + * + * @return + * TRUE if the resource was found, FALSE if not. + * NULL if either of the REGISTRY_* constants is passed in as $type. + */ +function _registry_check_code($type, $name = NULL) { + static $lookup_cache, $cache_update_needed; + + if ($type == 'class' && class_exists($name) || $type == 'interface' && interface_exists($name) || $type == 'trait' && trait_exists($name)) { + return TRUE; + } + + if (!isset($lookup_cache)) { + $lookup_cache = array(); + if ($cache = cache_get('lookup_cache', 'cache_bootstrap')) { + $lookup_cache = $cache->data; + } + } + + // When we rebuild the registry, we need to reset this cache so + // we don't keep lookups for resources that changed during the rebuild. + if ($type == REGISTRY_RESET_LOOKUP_CACHE) { + $cache_update_needed = TRUE; + $lookup_cache = NULL; + return; + } + + // Called from drupal_page_footer, we write to permanent storage if there + // changes to the lookup cache for this request. + if ($type == REGISTRY_WRITE_LOOKUP_CACHE) { + if ($cache_update_needed) { + cache_set('lookup_cache', $lookup_cache, 'cache_bootstrap'); + } + return; + } + + // $type is either 'interface' or 'class', so we only need the first letter to + // keep the cache key unique. + $cache_key = $type[0] . $name; + if (isset($lookup_cache[$cache_key])) { + if ($lookup_cache[$cache_key]) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $lookup_cache[$cache_key]; + } + return (bool) $lookup_cache[$cache_key]; + } + + // This function may get called when the default database is not active, but + // there is no reason we'd ever want to not use the default database for + // this query. + $file = Database::getConnection('default', 'default') + ->select('registry', 'r', array('target' => 'default')) + ->fields('r', array('filename')) + // Use LIKE here to make the query case-insensitive. + ->condition('r.name', db_like($name), 'LIKE') + ->condition('r.type', $type) + ->execute() + ->fetchField(); + + // Flag that we've run a lookup query and need to update the cache. + $cache_update_needed = TRUE; + + // Misses are valuable information worth caching, so cache even if + // $file is FALSE. + $lookup_cache[$cache_key] = $file; + + if ($file) { + include_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $file; + return TRUE; + } + else { + return FALSE; + } +} + +/** + * Rescans all enabled modules and rebuilds the registry. + * + * Rescans all code in modules or includes directories, storing the location of + * each interface or class in the database. + */ +function registry_rebuild() { + system_rebuild_module_data(); + registry_update(); +} + +/** + * Updates the registry based on the latest files listed in the database. + * + * This function should be used when system_rebuild_module_data() does not need + * to be called, because it is already known that the list of files in the + * {system} table matches those in the file system. + * + * @return + * TRUE if the registry was rebuilt, FALSE if another thread was rebuilding + * in parallel and the current thread just waited for completion. + * + * @see registry_rebuild() + */ +function registry_update() { + // install_system_module() calls module_enable() which calls into this + // function during initial system installation, so the lock system is neither + // loaded nor does its storage exist yet. + $in_installer = drupal_installation_attempted(); + if (!$in_installer && !lock_acquire(__FUNCTION__)) { + // Another request got the lock, wait for it to finish. + lock_wait(__FUNCTION__); + return FALSE; + } + + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/registry.inc'; + _registry_update(); + + if (!$in_installer) { + lock_release(__FUNCTION__); + } + return TRUE; +} + +/** + * @} End of "addtogroup registry". + */ + +/** + * Provides central static variable storage. + * + * All functions requiring a static variable to persist or cache data within + * a single page request are encouraged to use this function unless it is + * absolutely certain that the static variable will not need to be reset during + * the page request. By centralizing static variable storage through this + * function, other functions can rely on a consistent API for resetting any + * other function's static variables. + * + * Example: + * @code + * function language_list($field = 'language') { + * $languages = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + * if (!isset($languages)) { + * // If this function is being called for the first time after a reset, + * // query the database and execute any other code needed to retrieve + * // information about the supported languages. + * ... + * } + * if (!isset($languages[$field])) { + * // If this function is being called for the first time for a particular + * // index field, then execute code needed to index the information already + * // available in $languages by the desired field. + * ... + * } + * // Subsequent invocations of this function for a particular index field + * // skip the above two code blocks and quickly return the already indexed + * // information. + * return $languages[$field]; + * } + * function locale_translate_overview_screen() { + * // When building the content for the translations overview page, make + * // sure to get completely fresh information about the supported languages. + * drupal_static_reset('language_list'); + * ... + * } + * @endcode + * + * In a few cases, a function can have certainty that there is no legitimate + * use-case for resetting that function's static variable. This is rare, + * because when writing a function, it's hard to forecast all the situations in + * which it will be used. A guideline is that if a function's static variable + * does not depend on any information outside of the function that might change + * during a single page request, then it's ok to use the "static" keyword + * instead of the drupal_static() function. + * + * Example: + * @code + * function actions_do(...) { + * // $stack tracks the number of recursive calls. + * static $stack; + * $stack++; + * if ($stack > variable_get('actions_max_stack', 35)) { + * ... + * return; + * } + * ... + * $stack--; + * } + * @endcode + * + * In a few cases, a function needs a resettable static variable, but the + * function is called many times (100+) during a single page request, so + * every microsecond of execution time that can be removed from the function + * counts. These functions can use a more cumbersome, but faster variant of + * calling drupal_static(). It works by storing the reference returned by + * drupal_static() in the calling function's own static variable, thereby + * removing the need to call drupal_static() for each iteration of the function. + * Conceptually, it replaces: + * @code + * $foo = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + * @endcode + * with: + * @code + * // Unfortunately, this does not work. + * static $foo = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + * @endcode + * However, the above line of code does not work, because PHP only allows static + * variables to be initializied by literal values, and does not allow static + * variables to be assigned to references. + * - http://php.net/manual/language.variables.scope.php#language.variables.scope.static + * - http://php.net/manual/language.variables.scope.php#language.variables.scope.references + * The example below shows the syntax needed to work around both limitations. + * For benchmarks and more information, see http://drupal.org/node/619666. + * + * Example: + * @code + * function user_access($string, $account = NULL) { + * // Use the advanced drupal_static() pattern, since this is called very often. + * static $drupal_static_fast; + * if (!isset($drupal_static_fast)) { + * $drupal_static_fast['perm'] = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__); + * } + * $perm = &$drupal_static_fast['perm']; + * ... + * } + * @endcode + * + * @param $name + * Globally unique name for the variable. For a function with only one static, + * variable, the function name (e.g. via the PHP magic __FUNCTION__ constant) + * is recommended. For a function with multiple static variables add a + * distinguishing suffix to the function name for each one. + * @param $default_value + * Optional default value. + * @param $reset + * TRUE to reset one or all variables(s). This parameter is only used + * internally and should not be passed in; use drupal_static_reset() instead. + * (This function's return value should not be used when TRUE is passed in.) + * + * @return + * Returns a variable by reference. + * + * @see drupal_static_reset() + */ +function &drupal_static($name, $default_value = NULL, $reset = FALSE) { + static $data = array(), $default = array(); + // First check if dealing with a previously defined static variable. + if (isset($data[$name]) || array_key_exists($name, $data)) { + // Non-NULL $name and both $data[$name] and $default[$name] statics exist. + if ($reset) { + // Reset pre-existing static variable to its default value. + $data[$name] = $default[$name]; + } + return $data[$name]; + } + // Neither $data[$name] nor $default[$name] static variables exist. + if (isset($name)) { + if ($reset) { + // Reset was called before a default is set and yet a variable must be + // returned. + return $data; + } + // First call with new non-NULL $name. Initialize a new static variable. + $default[$name] = $data[$name] = $default_value; + return $data[$name]; + } + // Reset all: ($name == NULL). This needs to be done one at a time so that + // references returned by earlier invocations of drupal_static() also get + // reset. + foreach ($default as $name => $value) { + $data[$name] = $value; + } + // As the function returns a reference, the return should always be a + // variable. + return $data; +} + +/** + * Resets one or all centrally stored static variable(s). + * + * @param $name + * Name of the static variable to reset. Omit to reset all variables. + * Resetting all variables should only be used, for example, for running unit + * tests with a clean environment. + */ +function drupal_static_reset($name = NULL) { + drupal_static($name, NULL, TRUE); +} + +/** + * Detects whether the current script is running in a command-line environment. + */ +function drupal_is_cli() { + return (!isset($_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE']) && (php_sapi_name() == 'cli' || (is_numeric($_SERVER['argc']) && $_SERVER['argc'] > 0))); +} + +/** + * Formats text for emphasized display in a placeholder inside a sentence. + * + * Used automatically by format_string(). + * + * @param $text + * The text to format (plain-text). + * + * @return + * The formatted text (html). + */ +function drupal_placeholder($text) { + return '' . check_plain($text) . ''; +} + +/** + * Registers a function for execution on shutdown. + * + * Wrapper for register_shutdown_function() that catches thrown exceptions to + * avoid "Exception thrown without a stack frame in Unknown". + * + * @param $callback + * The shutdown function to register. + * @param ... + * Additional arguments to pass to the shutdown function. + * + * @return + * Array of shutdown functions to be executed. + * + * @see register_shutdown_function() + * @ingroup php_wrappers + */ +function &drupal_register_shutdown_function($callback = NULL) { + // We cannot use drupal_static() here because the static cache is reset during + // batch processing, which breaks batch handling. + static $callbacks = array(); + + if (isset($callback)) { + // Only register the internal shutdown function once. + if (empty($callbacks)) { + register_shutdown_function('_drupal_shutdown_function'); + } + $args = func_get_args(); + array_shift($args); + // Save callback and arguments + $callbacks[] = array('callback' => $callback, 'arguments' => $args); + } + return $callbacks; +} + +/** + * Executes registered shutdown functions. + */ +function _drupal_shutdown_function() { + $callbacks = &drupal_register_shutdown_function(); + + // Set the CWD to DRUPAL_ROOT as it is not guaranteed to be the same as it + // was in the normal context of execution. + chdir(DRUPAL_ROOT); + + try { + // Manually iterate over the array instead of using a foreach loop. + // A foreach operates on a copy of the array, so any shutdown functions that + // were added from other shutdown functions would never be called. + while ($callback = current($callbacks)) { + call_user_func_array($callback['callback'], $callback['arguments']); + next($callbacks); + } + } + catch (Exception $exception) { + // If we are displaying errors, then do so with no possibility of a further uncaught exception being thrown. + require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/errors.inc'; + if (error_displayable()) { + print '

Uncaught exception thrown in shutdown function.

'; + print '

' . _drupal_render_exception_safe($exception) . '

'; + } + } +} + +/** + * Compares the memory required for an operation to the available memory. + * + * @param $required + * The memory required for the operation, expressed as a number of bytes with + * optional SI or IEC binary unit prefix (e.g. 2, 3K, 5MB, 10G, 6GiB, 8bytes, + * 9mbytes). + * @param $memory_limit + * (optional) The memory limit for the operation, expressed as a number of + * bytes with optional SI or IEC binary unit prefix (e.g. 2, 3K, 5MB, 10G, + * 6GiB, 8bytes, 9mbytes). If no value is passed, the current PHP + * memory_limit will be used. Defaults to NULL. + * + * @return + * TRUE if there is sufficient memory to allow the operation, or FALSE + * otherwise. + */ +function drupal_check_memory_limit($required, $memory_limit = NULL) { + if (!isset($memory_limit)) { + $memory_limit = ini_get('memory_limit'); + } + + // There is sufficient memory if: + // - No memory limit is set. + // - The memory limit is set to unlimited (-1). + // - The memory limit is greater than the memory required for the operation. + return ((!$memory_limit) || ($memory_limit == -1) || (parse_size($memory_limit) >= parse_size($required))); +} + +/** + * Invalidates a PHP file from any active opcode caches. + * + * If the opcode cache does not support the invalidation of individual files, + * the entire cache will be flushed. + * + * @param string $filepath + * The absolute path of the PHP file to invalidate. + */ +function drupal_clear_opcode_cache($filepath) { + if (!defined('PHP_VERSION_ID') || PHP_VERSION_ID < 50300) { + // Below PHP 5.3, clearstatcache does not accept any function parameters. + clearstatcache(); + } + else { + clearstatcache(TRUE, $filepath); + } + + // Zend OPcache. + if (function_exists('opcache_invalidate')) { + opcache_invalidate($filepath, TRUE); + } + // APC. + if (function_exists('apc_delete_file')) { + // apc_delete_file() throws a PHP warning in case the specified file was + // not compiled yet. + // @see http://php.net/apc-delete-file + @apc_delete_file($filepath); + } +} diff --git a/extlib/drupal-pw-check.php b/extlib/drupal-pw-check.php new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cd09e70 --- /dev/null +++ b/extlib/drupal-pw-check.php @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +pass = $db_password_hash; + +echo user_check_password($password, $account) ? "true" : "false"; + diff --git a/extlib/password.inc b/extlib/password.inc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8228e61 --- /dev/null +++ b/extlib/password.inc @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ +> 6) & 0x3f]; + if ($i++ >= $count) { + break; + } + if ($i < $count) { + $value |= ord($input[$i]) << 16; + } + $output .= $itoa64[($value >> 12) & 0x3f]; + if ($i++ >= $count) { + break; + } + $output .= $itoa64[($value >> 18) & 0x3f]; + } while ($i < $count); + + return $output; +} + +/** + * Generates a random base 64-encoded salt prefixed with settings for the hash. + * + * Proper use of salts may defeat a number of attacks, including: + * - The ability to try candidate passwords against multiple hashes at once. + * - The ability to use pre-hashed lists of candidate passwords. + * - The ability to determine whether two users have the same (or different) + * password without actually having to guess one of the passwords. + * + * @param $count_log2 + * Integer that determines the number of iterations used in the hashing + * process. A larger value is more secure, but takes more time to complete. + * + * @return + * A 12 character string containing the iteration count and a random salt. + */ +function _password_generate_salt($count_log2) { + $output = '$S$'; + // Ensure that $count_log2 is within set bounds. + $count_log2 = _password_enforce_log2_boundaries($count_log2); + // We encode the final log2 iteration count in base 64. + $itoa64 = _password_itoa64(); + $output .= $itoa64[$count_log2]; + // 6 bytes is the standard salt for a portable phpass hash. + $output .= _password_base64_encode(drupal_random_bytes(6), 6); + return $output; +} + +/** + * Ensures that $count_log2 is within set bounds. + * + * @param $count_log2 + * Integer that determines the number of iterations used in the hashing + * process. A larger value is more secure, but takes more time to complete. + * + * @return + * Integer within set bounds that is closest to $count_log2. + */ +function _password_enforce_log2_boundaries($count_log2) { + if ($count_log2 < DRUPAL_MIN_HASH_COUNT) { + return DRUPAL_MIN_HASH_COUNT; + } + elseif ($count_log2 > DRUPAL_MAX_HASH_COUNT) { + return DRUPAL_MAX_HASH_COUNT; + } + + return (int) $count_log2; +} + +/** + * Hash a password using a secure stretched hash. + * + * By using a salt and repeated hashing the password is "stretched". Its + * security is increased because it becomes much more computationally costly + * for an attacker to try to break the hash by brute-force computation of the + * hashes of a large number of plain-text words or strings to find a match. + * + * @param $algo + * The string name of a hashing algorithm usable by hash(), like 'sha256'. + * @param $password + * Plain-text password up to 512 bytes (128 to 512 UTF-8 characters) to hash. + * @param $setting + * An existing hash or the output of _password_generate_salt(). Must be + * at least 12 characters (the settings and salt). + * + * @return + * A string containing the hashed password (and salt) or FALSE on failure. + * The return string will be truncated at DRUPAL_HASH_LENGTH characters max. + */ +function _password_crypt($algo, $password, $setting) { + // Prevent DoS attacks by refusing to hash large passwords. + if (strlen($password) > 512) { + return FALSE; + } + // The first 12 characters of an existing hash are its setting string. + $setting = substr($setting, 0, 12); + + if ($setting[0] != '$' || $setting[2] != '$') { + return FALSE; + } + $count_log2 = _password_get_count_log2($setting); + // Hashes may be imported from elsewhere, so we allow != DRUPAL_HASH_COUNT + if ($count_log2 < DRUPAL_MIN_HASH_COUNT || $count_log2 > DRUPAL_MAX_HASH_COUNT) { + return FALSE; + } + $salt = substr($setting, 4, 8); + // Hashes must have an 8 character salt. + if (strlen($salt) != 8) { + return FALSE; + } + + // Convert the base 2 logarithm into an integer. + $count = 1 << $count_log2; + + // We rely on the hash() function being available in PHP 5.2+. + $hash = hash($algo, $salt . $password, TRUE); + do { + $hash = hash($algo, $hash . $password, TRUE); + } while (--$count); + + $len = strlen($hash); + $output = $setting . _password_base64_encode($hash, $len); + // _password_base64_encode() of a 16 byte MD5 will always be 22 characters. + // _password_base64_encode() of a 64 byte sha512 will always be 86 characters. + $expected = 12 + ceil((8 * $len) / 6); + return (strlen($output) == $expected) ? substr($output, 0, DRUPAL_HASH_LENGTH) : FALSE; +} + +/** + * Parse the log2 iteration count from a stored hash or setting string. + */ +function _password_get_count_log2($setting) { + $itoa64 = _password_itoa64(); + return strpos($itoa64, $setting[3]); +} + +/** + * Hash a password using a secure hash. + * + * @param $password + * A plain-text password. + * @param $count_log2 + * Optional integer to specify the iteration count. Generally used only during + * mass operations where a value less than the default is needed for speed. + * + * @return + * A string containing the hashed password (and a salt), or FALSE on failure. + */ +function user_hash_password($password, $count_log2 = 0) { + if (empty($count_log2)) { + // Use the standard iteration count. + $count_log2 = variable_get('password_count_log2', DRUPAL_HASH_COUNT); + } + return _password_crypt('sha512', $password, _password_generate_salt($count_log2)); +} + +/** + * Check whether a plain text password matches a stored hashed password. + * + * Alternative implementations of this function may use other data in the + * $account object, for example the uid to look up the hash in a custom table + * or remote database. + * + * @param $password + * A plain-text password + * @param $account + * A user object with at least the fields from the {users} table. + * + * @return + * TRUE or FALSE. + */ +function user_check_password($password, $account) { + if (substr($account->pass, 0, 2) == 'U$') { + // This may be an updated password from user_update_7000(). Such hashes + // have 'U' added as the first character and need an extra md5(). + $stored_hash = substr($account->pass, 1); + $password = md5($password); + } + else { + $stored_hash = $account->pass; + } + + $type = substr($stored_hash, 0, 3); + switch ($type) { + case '$S$': + // A normal Drupal 7 password using sha512. + $hash = _password_crypt('sha512', $password, $stored_hash); + break; + case '$H$': + // phpBB3 uses "$H$" for the same thing as "$P$". + case '$P$': + // A phpass password generated using md5. This is an + // imported password or from an earlier Drupal version. + $hash = _password_crypt('md5', $password, $stored_hash); + break; + default: + return FALSE; + } + return ($hash && $stored_hash == $hash); +} + +/** + * Check whether a user's hashed password needs to be replaced with a new hash. + * + * This is typically called during the login process when the plain text + * password is available. A new hash is needed when the desired iteration count + * has changed through a change in the variable password_count_log2 or + * DRUPAL_HASH_COUNT or if the user's password hash was generated in an update + * like user_update_7000(). + * + * Alternative implementations of this function might use other criteria based + * on the fields in $account. + * + * @param $account + * A user object with at least the fields from the {users} table. + * + * @return + * TRUE or FALSE. + */ +function user_needs_new_hash($account) { + // Check whether this was an updated password. + if ((substr($account->pass, 0, 3) != '$S$') || (strlen($account->pass) != DRUPAL_HASH_LENGTH)) { + return TRUE; + } + // Ensure that $count_log2 is within set bounds. + $count_log2 = _password_enforce_log2_boundaries(variable_get('password_count_log2', DRUPAL_HASH_COUNT)); + // Check whether the iteration count used differs from the standard number. + return (_password_get_count_log2($account->pass) !== $count_log2); +} diff --git a/lib/Auth/Source/FSFDrupalAuth.php b/lib/Auth/Source/FSFDrupalAuth.php new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1dac6e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/Auth/Source/FSFDrupalAuth.php @@ -0,0 +1,367 @@ +authId); + } + + if (!is_string($config[$param])) { + throw new \Exception('Expected parameter \''.$param. + '\' for authentication source '.$this->authId. + ' to be a string. Instead it was: '. + var_export($config[$param], true)); + } + } + + $this->dsn = $config['dsn']; + $this->username = $config['username']; + $this->password = $config['password']; + $this->query_main = $config['query_main']; + $this->query_membership = $config['query_membership']; + $this->query_staff = $config['query_staff']; + if (isset($config['options'])) { + $this->options = $config['options']; + } + } + + + /** + * Create a database connection. + * + * @return \PDO The database connection. + */ + private function connect() + { + try { + $db = new \PDO($this->dsn, $this->username, $this->password, $this->options); + } catch (\PDOException $e) { + throw new \Exception('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId.': - Failed to connect to \''. + $this->dsn.'\': '.$e->getMessage()); + } + + $db->setAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); + + $driver = explode(':', $this->dsn, 2); + $driver = strtolower($driver[0]); + + // Driver specific initialization + switch ($driver) { + case 'mysql': + // Use UTF-8 + $db->exec("SET NAMES 'utf8mb4'"); + break; + case 'pgsql': + // Use UTF-8 + $db->exec("SET NAMES 'UTF8'"); + break; + } + + return $db; + } + + /* + * Check the password against a Drupal hash + * + */ + private function check_password($password, $hash) { + + // + // The reason for running a separate process is so that the PHP global + // env doesn't get clobbered by include / require. + // + + // pipes code based off of https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.proc-open.php + // CC-BY 3.0 or later + $descriptorspec = array( + 0 => array("pipe", "r"), // stdin is a pipe that the child will read from + 1 => array("pipe", "w"), // stdout is a pipe that the child will write to + 2 => array("pipe", "w") // stderr is a file to write to + ); + + $cwd = "../modules/fsfdrupalauth/extlib"; + //$env = array('some_option' => 'aeiou'); + $env = array(); + + $process = proc_open('php drupal-pw-check.php', $descriptorspec, $pipes, $cwd, $env); + + if (is_resource($process)) { + // $pipes now looks like this: + // 0 => writeable handle connected to child stdin + // 1 => readable handle connected to child stdout + + fwrite($pipes[0], json_encode([$password, $hash])); + fclose($pipes[0]); + + $result = stream_get_contents($pipes[1]); + fclose($pipes[1]); + + $errors = stream_get_contents($pipes[2]); + fclose($pipes[2]); + + // It is important that you close any pipes before calling + // proc_close in order to avoid a deadlock + $return_value = proc_close($process); + + //\SimpleSAML\Logger::debug('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId.': authenticator stdout: '.$result); + + if ($errors != "") { + \SimpleSAML\Logger::error('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId.': authenticator stderr: '.$errors); + } + + if ($return_value != 0) { + \SimpleSAML\Logger::error('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId.': authenticator non-zero return code: '.$return_value); + return false; + } + + return ($return_value == 0 && rtrim($result) == "true"); + + } else { + + \SimpleSAML\Logger::error('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId.': unable to launch authenticator'); + + return false; + } + } + + /** + * + * query the database with arbitrary queries that only require a user name. + * + */ + private function query_db($queryname, $username) + { + assert(is_string($queryname)); + assert(is_string($username)); + + $db = $this->connect(); + + try { + $sth = $db->prepare($this->$queryname); + } catch (\PDOException $e) { + throw new \Exception('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId. + ': - Failed to prepare queryname: '.$queryname.': '.$e->getMessage()); + } + + try { + $sth->execute(['username' => $username]); + } catch (\PDOException $e) { + throw new \Exception('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId. + ': - Failed to execute queryname: '.$queryname.': '.$e->getMessage()); + } + + try { + $data = $sth->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); + } catch (\PDOException $e) { + throw new \Exception('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId. + ': - Failed to fetch result set: '.$e->getMessage()); + } + + \SimpleSAML\Logger::info('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId.': Got '.count($data). + ' rows from database'); + + return $data; + } + + /** + * add more CAS attributes to user, such as is_staff and is_member + */ + private function add_more_attributes(&$attributes, $username) { + + // + // query on membership + // + + $membership_data = $this->query_db('query_membership', $username); + + if (count($membership_data) === 0) { + // No rows returned - invalid username + \SimpleSAML\Logger::debug('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId. + ': No rows in result set. Probably no membership.'); + } + + $attributes['is_member'] = ['false']; + $attributes['was_member'] = ['false']; + + foreach ($membership_data as $row) { + foreach ($row as $key => $value) { + if ($value === null) { + continue; + } + $value = (string) $value; + + if ($value === '1' || $value === '2' || $value === '3') { + $attributes['is_member'] = ['true']; + $attributes['was_member'] = ['true']; + } elseif ($value === '4') { + $attributes['was_member'] = ['true']; + } + } + } + + // + // query on staff + // + + $staff_data = $this->query_db('query_staff', $username); + + if (count($staff_data) === 0) { + // No rows returned - invalid username + \SimpleSAML\Logger::debug('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId. + ': No rows in result set. Probably not FSF staff.'); + } + + $attributes['is_fsf_staff'] = ['false']; + + foreach ($staff_data as $row) { + foreach ($row as $key => $value) { + + if ($value === null) { + continue; + } + $value = (string) $value; + + if ($value === $username) { + // they are staff + $attributes[$key] = ['true']; + break; + } + } + } + } + + /** + * Attempt to log in using the given username and password. + * + * On a successful login, this function should return the users attributes. On failure, + * it should throw an exception. If the error was caused by the user entering the wrong + * username or password, a \SimpleSAML\Error\Error('WRONGUSERPASS') should be thrown. + * + * Note that both the username and the password are UTF-8 encoded. + * + * @param string $username The username the user wrote. + * @param string $password The password the user wrote. + * @return array Associative array with the users attributes. + */ + protected function login($username, $password) + { + assert(is_string($username)); + assert(is_string($password)); + + //// keep this commented when it's not in use. it prints user passwords to the log file + //\SimpleSAML\Logger::debug('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId.': entered password: '.$password); + + + $user_data = $this->query_db('query_main', $username); + + + if (count($user_data) === 0) { + // No rows returned - invalid username + \SimpleSAML\Logger::error('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId. + ': No rows in result set. Probably wrong username.'); + throw new \SimpleSAML\Error\Error('WRONGUSERPASS'); + } + + /* Extract attributes. We allow the resultset to consist of multiple rows. Attributes + * which are present in more than one row will become multivalued. null values and + * duplicate values will be skipped. All values will be converted to strings. + */ + $attributes = []; + + // use the entered user name so we don't forcibly change it to all + // lower case. this is to preserve the behavior of the old cas server, + // and to remain compatible with our MW and Discourse sites that are + // case sensitive. + $attributes['name'][] = $username; + + foreach ($user_data as $row) { + foreach ($row as $key => $value) { + if ($value === null) { + continue; + } + + $value = (string) $value; + + if (!array_key_exists($key, $attributes)) { + $attributes[$key] = []; + } + + if (in_array($value, $attributes[$key], true)) { + // Value already exists in attribute + continue; + } + + $attributes[$key][] = $value; + } + } + + if (!$this->check_password($password, $attributes['pass'][0])) { + throw new \SimpleSAML\Error\Error('WRONGUSERPASS'); + } + + unset($attributes['pass']); + + + $this->add_more_attributes($attributes, $username); + + + \SimpleSAML\Logger::info('fsfdrupalauth:'.$this->authId.': Attributes: '. + implode(',', array_keys($attributes))); + + return $attributes; + } +} diff --git a/phpunit.xml b/phpunit.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0985fd --- /dev/null +++ b/phpunit.xml @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + tests/ + + + + + ./lib + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/psalm.xml b/psalm.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9cae34 --- /dev/null +++ b/psalm.xml @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/tests/bootstrap.php b/tests/bootstrap.php new file mode 100644 index 0000000..28efee1 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/bootstrap.php @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +