From: tomnor Date: Wed, 3 Feb 2016 20:59:26 +0000 (+0100) Subject: sv: working on index step 2.A X-Git-Url: https://vcs.fsf.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=d21747140748a6da8426024aa86b0acfe6524e75;p=enc.git sv: working on index step 2.A --- diff --git a/sv/confirmation.html b/sv/confirmation.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..905eb581 --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/confirmation.html @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ + + + + + + Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG encryption + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/emailselfdefense_source.zip b/sv/emailselfdefense_source.zip new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f1fb156c Binary files /dev/null and b/sv/emailselfdefense_source.zip differ diff --git a/sv/index.html b/sv/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..57f6f92c --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,681 @@ + + + + + + Mejl Självförsvar - en vägledning för att bekämpa övervakning med GnuPG kryptering + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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#1 Samla ihop verktygen

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Den här guiden förlitar sig på programvara som kommer med fria licenser; programvara som är helt transparenta, vem som helst kan kopiera eller göra sin egen version av den. Det gör den säkrare från övervakningssynpunkt än proprietära program (som Windows). Lär mer om fri programvara på fsf.org.

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De flesta distributionerna av GNU/Linux operativsystem kommer med GnuPG förinstallerat, så det behöver du inte ladda ned. Men innan du konfigurerar GnuPG så behöver du mejlprogrammet IceDove installerat på din dator. GNU/Linux-distributioner har vanligtvis IceDove tillgängligt för installation, men det kanske hittas under namnet "Thunderbird". Mejlprogram är ett annat sätt att komma åt samma mejlkonton som du kan komma åt via en webbläsare (som Gmail), men erbjuder ytterligare funktioner.

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Om du redan har ett mejlprogram, så kan du skippa till Steg 1.b.

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Step 1.A: Install Wizard

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Steg 1.a Ställ in ditt mejlprogram för ditt mejlkonto

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Öppna ditt mejlprogram och följ instruktionerna (steg-för-steg genomgång) som ställer in programmet för ditt mejlkonto

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Titta efter bokstäverna SSL, TLS eller STARTTLS till höger om servrarna när du ställer in ditt konto. Om du inte ser dem, kan du ändå sätta upp ditt konto. Men, det betyder att de som sköter om ditt mejl-system inte har följt med i industristandarden när det gäller att skydda din säkerhet och integritet. Vi rekommenderar att du skickar ett vänligt mejl och ber dem att aktivera SSL, TLS eller STARTTLS för din mejl-server. De kommer att veta vad du pratar om, så det är värt en begäran, även om du inte är en expert på dessa säkerhetsteknologier.

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Problemlösning

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Assistenten startar inte
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Du kan starta assisten själv, men menyvalet för att göra det ser annorlunda ut i olika mejlprogram. Knappen för att starta assistenten kommer att vara under programmets huvudmeny, under "Ny" eller liknande, benämd "Lägg till konto", eller, "Nytt/Befintligt mejlkonto."
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Assistenten kan inte hitta mitt konto eller laddar inte ned mina mejl
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Innan du söker på nätet, rekommenderar vi att du börjar med att fråga andra personer som använder samma mejlsystem, för att klura ut korrekt inställningar
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  • Step 1.B: Tools -> Add-ons
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  • Step 1.B: Search Add-ons
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  • Step 1.B: Install Add-ons
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Steg 1.b Installera Enigmail-pluginen för ditt mejlprogram

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I ditt mejlprograms meny, välj Add-ons (det kan ligga under sektionen Verktyg). Säkerställ att Tillägg är valt till vänster. Ser du Enigmail? I så fall, skippa det här steget.

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Om inte, sök efter "Enigmail" i sökfältet uppe till höger. Du klarar det härifrån. Starta om ditt mejlprogram när du är klar.

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Problemlösning

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Jag kan inte hitta menyn.
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I många nya mejlprogram är huvudmenyn representerad av en bild på tre horisontella streck.
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Mina mejl ser konstiga ut
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Enigmail tenderar att inte fungera så väl med HTML som används för att formatera mejl, så Enigmail har kanske inaktiverat HTML-formatering automatiskt. För att skicka ett mejl i HTML-format utan kryptering eller signatur, håll ned Skift-tangenten när du trycker på "Nytt" eller "Compose". Då kan du skriva ett mejl som om Enigmail inte var där.
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#2 Ta fram dina nycklar

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För att använda systemet GnuPG, behöver du en publik och en privat nyckel, (tillsammans bildar de ett nyckelpar). Varje nyckel är en lång sträng av slumpvis genererade siffror och bokstäver som är unika för dig. Din publika och privata nyckel är hop-länkade med en speciell matematisk funktion.

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Din publika nyckel är inte som en fysisk nyckel, den är förvarad i det öppna i ett uppkopplat arkiv som kallas nyckelserver (keyserver). Andra laddar ned den och använder den tillsammans med GnuPG, för att kryptera meddelanden som de skickar till dig. Du kan tänka på nyckelservern som en telefonbok; andra som vill skicka ett krypterat meddelande till dig kan leta upp din publika nyckel.

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Din privata nyckel är mer som en fysisk nyckel, för du behåller den för dig själv (på din dator). Du använder GnuPG och din privata nyckel ihop för att dekryptera krypterade mejl som andra har skickat till dig. Du bör aldrig, under några omständigheter, dela din privata nyckel med någon.

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Förutom kryptering och dekryptering, kan du använda dessa nycklar för att signera meddelanden och kontrollera äktheten hos andras signaturer. Vi ska diskutera mer om det in nästa steg.

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Step 2.A: Make a Keypair

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Steg 2.a Gör ett nyckelpar

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Enigmail-Assistenten startar kanske upp automatiskt. Om den inte gör det, välj Enigmail → Enigmail-Assistenten frÃ¥n ditt mejlprograms meny. Du behöver inte läsa texten som poppar upp om du inte vill, men det är bra att läsa texten pÃ¥ de senare sidorna av assistenten. Klicka pÃ¥ nästa med de förinställda optionerna valda, förutom de som är listade här i den ordning de dyker upp:

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  • PÃ¥ sidan med titeln "Kryptering", välj "Kryptera alla mina meddelanden som förval, för integritet är kritiskt för mig."
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  • On the screen titled "Signing," select "Don't sign my messages by default."
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  • On the screen titled "Key Selection," select "I want to create a new key pair for signing and encrypting my email."
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  • On the screen titled "Create Key," pick a strong password! You can do it manually, or you can use the Diceware method. Doing it manually is faster but not as secure. Using Diceware takes longer and requires dice, but creates a password that is much harder for attackers figure out. To use it, read the section "Make a secure passphrase with Diceware" in this article by Micah Lee.

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If you'd like to pick a password manually, come up with something you can remember which is at least twelve characters long, and includes at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or punctuation symbol. Never pick a password you've used elsewhere. Don't use any recognizable patterns, such as birthdays, telephone numbers, pets' names, song lyrics, quotes from books, and so on.

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The program will take a little while to finish the next step, the "Key Creation" screen. While you wait, do something else with your computer, like watching a movie or browsing the Web. The more you use the computer at this point, the faster the key creation will go.

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When the "Key Generation Completed" screen pops up, select Generate Certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer (we recommend making a folder called "Revocation Certificate" in your home folder and keeping it there). This step is essential for your email self-defense, as you'll learn more about in Section 5.

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Troubleshooting

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I can't find the Enigmail menu.
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In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars. Enigmail may be inside a section called Tools.
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The wizard says that it cannot find GnuPG.
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Open whatever program you usually use for installing software, and search for GnuPG, then install it. Then restart the Enigmail setup wizard by going to Enigmail → Setup Wizard.
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My email looks weird
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Enigmail doesn't tend to play nice with HTML, which is used to format emails, so it may disable your HTML formatting automatically. To send an HTML-formatted email without encryption or a signature, hold down the Shift key when you select compose. You can then write an email as if Enigmail wasn't there.
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More resources
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If you're having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's wiki instructions for key generation.
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Advanced

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Command line key generation
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If you prefer using the command line for a higher degree of control, you can follow the documentation from The GNU Privacy Handbook. Make sure you stick with "RSA and RSA" (the default), because it's newer and more secure than the algorithms the documentation recommends. Also make sure your key is at least 2048 bits, or 4096 if you want to be extra secure.
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Advanced key pairs
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When GnuPG creates a new keypair, it compartmentalizes the encryption function from the signing function through subkeys. If you use subkeys carefully, you can keep your GnuPG identity much more secure and recover from a compromised key much more quickly. Alex Cabal and the Debian wiki provide good guides for setting up a secure subkey configuration.
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Step 2.b Upload your public key to a keyserver

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In your email program's menu, select Enigmail → Key Management.

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Right click on your key and select Upload Public Keys to Keyserver. Use the default keyserver in the popup.

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Now someone who wants to send you an encrypted message can download your public key from the Internet. There are multiple keyservers that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.

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Troubleshooting

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The progress bar never finishes
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Close the upload popup, make sure you are connected to the Internet, and try again. If that doesn't work, try again, selecting a different keyserver.
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My key doesnt appear in the list
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Try checking "Display All Keys by Default."
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More documentation
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If you're having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's documentation.
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Advanced

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Uploading a key from the command line
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You can also upload your keys to a keyserver through the command line. The sks Web site maintains a list of highly interconnected keyservers. You can also directly export your key as a file on your computer.
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GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?

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In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP are used interchangeably. Technically, OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the encryption standard, and GNU Privacy Guard (often shortened to GPG or GnuPG) is the program that implements the standard. Enigmail is a plug-in program for your email program that provides an interface for GnuPG.

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#3 Try it out!

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Now you'll try a test correspondence with a computer program named Edward, who knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.

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Try it out.

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Step 3.a Send Edward your public key

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This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding with real people. In your email program's menu, go to Enigmail → Key Management. You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click on your key and select Send Public Keys by Email. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the Write button.

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Address the message to edward-en@fsf.org. Put at least one word (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email. Don't send yet.

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The lock icon in the top left should be yellow, meaning encryption is + turned on. We want this first special message to be unencrypted, so + click the icon once to turn it off. The lock should become grey, with a + blue dot on it (to alert you that the setting has been changed from the + default). Once encryption is off, hit Send.

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It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide. Once he's responded, head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as when corresponding with a real person.

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When you open Edward's reply, GnuPG may prompt you for your password before using your private key to decrypt it.

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Step 3.b Send a test encrypted email

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Write a new email in your email program, addressed to edward-en@fsf.org. Make the subject "Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body.

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The lock icon in the top left of the window should be yellow, meaning encryption is on. This will be your default from now on.

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Next to the lock, you'll notice an icon of a pencil. We'll get to this in a moment.

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Click Send. Enigmail will pop up a window that says "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found."

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To encrypt an email to Edward, you need his public key, so now you'll have Enigmail download it from a keyserver. Click Download Missing Keys and use the default in the pop-up that asks you to choose a keyserver. Once it finds keys, check the first one (Key ID starting with C), then select ok. Select ok in the next pop-up.

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Now you are back at the "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found" screen. Check the box in front of Edward's key and click Send.

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Since you encrypted this email with Edward's public key, Edward's private key is required to decrypt it. Edward is the only one with his private key, so no one except him can decrypt it.

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Troubleshooting

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Enigmail can't find Edward's key
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Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked Send. Make sure you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.
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Unscrambled messages in the Sent folder
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Even though you can't decrypt messages encrypted to someone else's key, your email program will automatically save a copy encrypted to your public key, which you'll be able to view from the Sent folder like a normal email. This is normal, and it doesn't mean that your email was not sent encrypted.
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More resources
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If you're still having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's wiki.
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Advanced

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Encrypt messages from the command line
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You can also encrypt and decrypt messages and files from the command line, if that's your preference. The option --armor makes the encrypted output appear in the regular character set.
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Important: Security tips

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Even if you encrypt your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses aren't encrypted either, so a surveillance system can still figure out who you're communicating with. Also, surveillance agents will know that you're using GnuPG, even if they can't figure out what you're saying. When you send attachments, Enigmail will give you the choice to encrypt them or not, independent of the actual email.

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Step 3.c Receive a response

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When Edward receives your email, he will use his private key to decrypt it, then use your public key (which you sent him in Step 3.A) to encrypt his reply to you.

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It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

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When you receive Edward's email and open it, Enigmail will automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and then it will use your private key to decrypt it.

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Notice the bar that Enigmail shows you above the message, with information about the status of Edward's key.

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Step 3.d Send a test signed email

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GnuPG includes a way for you to sign messages and files, verifying that they came from you and that they weren't tampered with along the way. These signatures are stronger than their pen-and-paper cousins -- they're impossible to forge, because they're impossible to create without your private key (another reason to keep your private key safe).

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You can sign messages to anyone, so it's a great way to make people aware that you use GnuPG and that they can communicate with you securely. If they don't have GnuPG, they will be able to read your message and see your signature. If they do have GnuPG, they'll also be able to verify that your signature is authentic.

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To sign an email to Edward, compose any message to him and click the pencil icon next to the lock icon so that it turns gold. If you sign a message, GnuPG may ask you for your password before it sends the message, because it needs to unlock your private key for signing.

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With the lock and pencil icons, you can choose whether each message will be encrypted, signed, both, or neither.

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Step 3.e Receive a response

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When Edward receives your email, he will use your public key (which you sent him in Step 3.A) to verify that your signature is authentic and the message you sent has not been tampered with.

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It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

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Edward's reply will arrive encrypted, because he prefers to use encryption whenever possible. If everything goes according to plan, it should say "Your signature was verified." If your test signed email was also encrypted, he will mention that first.

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#4 Learn the Web of Trust

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Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness; it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it and impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.

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When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you've verified that it belongs to them and not someone else.

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Signing keys and signing messages use the same type of mathematical operation, but they carry very different implications. It's a good practice to generally sign your email, but if you casually sign people's keys, you may accidently end up vouching for the identity of an imposter.

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People who use your public key can see who has signed it. Once you've used GnuPG for a long time, your key may have hundreds of signatures. You can consider a key to be more trustworthy if it has many signatures from people that you trust. The Web of Trust is a constellation of GnuPG users, connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures.

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Section 4: Web of Trust

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Step 4.a Sign a key

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In your email program's menu, go to Enigmail → Key Management.

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Right click on Edward's public key and select Sign Key from the context menu.

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In the window that pops up, select "I will not answer" and click ok.

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Now you should be back at the Key Management menu. Select Keyserver → Upload Public Keys and hit ok.

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You've just effectively said "I trust that Edward's public key actually belongs to Edward." This doesn't mean much because Edward isn't a real person, but it's good practice.

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Identifying keys: Fingerprints and IDs

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People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint, which is a string of digits like F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8 (for Edward's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and other public keys saved on your computer, by going to Enigmail → Key Management in your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key and choosing Key Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint wherever you share your email address, so that people can double-check that they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.

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You may also see public keys referred to by their key ID, which is simply the last eight digits of the fingerprint, like C09A61E8 for Edward. The key ID is visible directly from the Key Management window. This key ID is like a person's first name (it is a useful shorthand but may not be unique to a given key), whereas the fingerprint actually identifies the key uniquely without the possibility of confusion. If you only have the key ID, you can still look up the key (as well as its fingerprint), like you did in Step 3, but if multiple options appear, you'll need the fingerprint of the person to whom you are trying to communicate to verify which one to use.

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Important: What to consider when signing keys

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Before signing a person's key, you need to be confident that it actually belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ideally, this confidence comes from having interactions and conversations with them over time, and witnessing interactions between them and others. Whenever signing a key, ask to see the full public key fingerprint, and not just the shorter key ID. If you feel it's important to sign the key of someone you've just met, also ask them to show you their government identification, and make sure the name on the ID matches the name on the public key. In Enigmail, answer honestly in the window that pops up and asks "How carefully have you verified that the key you are about to sign actually belongs to the person(s) named above?" +

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Advanced

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Master the Web of Trust
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Unfortunately, trust does not spread between users the way many people think. One of best ways to strengthen the GnuPG community is to deeply understand the Web of Trust and to carefully sign as many people's keys as circumstances permit.
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Set ownertrust
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If you trust someone enough to validate other people's keys, you can assign them an ownertrust level through Enigmails's key management window. Right click on the other person's key, go to the "Select Owner Trust" menu option, select the trustlevel and click OK. Only do this once you feel you have a deep understanding of the Web of Trust.
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#5 Use it well

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Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own, and damage the Web of Trust.

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Section 5: Use it Well

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When should I encrypt? When should I sign?

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The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. If you only encrypt emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people doing surveillance won't know where to start. That's not to say that only encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it makes bulk surveillance more difficult.

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Unless you don't want to reveal your own identity (which requires other protective measures), there's no reason not to sign every message, whether or not you are encrypting. In addition to allowing those with GnuPG to verify that the message came from you, signing is a non-intrusive way to remind everyone that you use GnuPG and show support for secure communication. If you often send signed messages to people that aren't familiar with GnuPG, it's nice to also include a link to this guide in your standard email signature (the text kind, not the cryptographic kind).

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Section 5: Use it Well

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Be wary of invalid keys

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GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.

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In your email program, go back to the first encrypted email that Edward sent you. Because Edward encrypted it with your public key, it will have a message from Enigmail at the top, which most likely says "Enigmail: Part of this message encrypted."

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When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that bar. The program will warn you there if you get an email encrypted with a key that can't be trusted.

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Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe

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Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest digital storage that you have -- the ideal thing is a flash drive, disk, or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home, not on a device you carry with you regularly.

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If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate file to let people know that you are no longer using that keypair.

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Important: act swiftly if someone gets your private key

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If you lose your private key or someone else gets ahold of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses it to read your encrypted email or forge your signature. This guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow these instructions. After you're done revoking, make a new key and send an email to everyone with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know, including a copy of your new key.

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Webmail and GnuPG

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When you use a web browser to access your email, you're using webmail, an email program stored on a distant website. Unlike webmail, your desktop email program runs on your own computer. Although webmail can't decrypt encrypted email, it will still display it in its encrypted form. If you primarily use webmail, you'll know to open your email client when you receive a scrambled email.

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+ + + + +
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/infographic.html b/sv/infographic.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0d320406 --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/infographic.html @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + + + + + Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG encryption + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/kitchen/assemble-all-pages b/sv/kitchen/assemble-all-pages new file mode 100755 index 00000000..75e459c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/kitchen/assemble-all-pages @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +## assemble-all-pages -- generate a set of HTML pages with variable parts +# for emailselfdefense.fsf.org + +## Synopsis: assemble-all-pages + +## Description + +# Each page is built from a template and one or several includes, as usual; +# in addition, several versions of a page can be built from a single +# template which contains all the variable parts, by deleting irrelevant +# text. + +# The templates have inclusion markers (similar to SSI directives, except +# for the lack of "#") to indicate where the constant parts are to be +# inserted, and deletion markers to identify the borders of each deletion +# and indicate which page(s) the text between those borders belongs to. + +# The script processes all the templates in the working directory and the +# pages are created in the parent directory. + +# Ideally, any modifications should be done to the templates or includes, +# not to the final pages. + +# Templates: confirmation.t.html +# index.t.html (contains variable parts for mac and windows) +# infographic.t.html +# next_steps.t.html + +# Includes: footer.html +# head.html (contains 2 alternate sets of keywords) +# javascript.html +# translist.html + +## Graphic-user-interface howto + +# - Place the script in the same directory as the templates. +# - Display this directory in the file browser (do not just unfold the parent +# directory) and double-click on the script. + +# And if anything goes wrong, you can do a git reset, right? ;-) + +# =========================================================================== + +set -e +set -o pipefail + +function close_term () { + printf '\n%s' '*** Close the terminal window or press Return.'; read OK + test -z "$OK" && exit $1 +} + +# Create temporary files. +names=$(mktemp -t aap.XXXXXX) || close_term 1 +list=$(mktemp -t aap.XXXXXX) || close_term 1 +before=$(mktemp -t aap.XXXXXX) || close_term 1 +after=$(mktemp -t aap.XXXXXX) || close_term 1 +trap 'rm -f "$names" "$list" "$before" "$after"' EXIT + +# List all the templates in the working directory. +if ls *.t.html > $names 2>/dev/null; then + sed -i 's,\.t\.html$,,' $names +else + echo "*** There is no template in this directory." && close_term 1 +fi + +## Add the includes to the templates. + +while read name; do + # Make sure there is a blank line before the first include, otherwise + # it will not be added properly. + sed '1i\\n' $name.t.html > ../$name.html + # List the includes. + grep '^ + + + +${diff_file##*\/} + +
+EOF
+
+# Run wdiff with options to add the proper markup at the beginning and end of
+# deletions and insertions.
+wdiff --start-delete '' \
+      --end-delete '' \
+      --start-insert '' \
+      --end-insert '' \
+      ${f[0]} ${f[1]} >> $diff_file || true
+
+# Add the closing tags.
+echo '
' >> ${diff_file} + +echo -e "\n The diff file is $diff_file." +close_term 0 diff --git a/sv/kitchen/confirmation.t.html b/sv/kitchen/confirmation.t.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..83da58f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/kitchen/confirmation.t.html @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/kitchen/footer.html b/sv/kitchen/footer.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0a973122 --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/kitchen/footer.html @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + diff --git a/sv/kitchen/head.html b/sv/kitchen/head.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..082cd412 --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/kitchen/head.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + +Autodéfense courriel - un guide pour contrer la surveillance en +chiffrant avec GnuPG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/kitchen/index.t.html b/sv/kitchen/index.t.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0e47b8f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/kitchen/index.t.html @@ -0,0 +1,654 @@ + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +

#1 Get the pieces

+ + +

This guide relies on software which is freely licensed; it's completely transparent and anyone can copy it or make their own version. This makes it safer from surveillance than proprietary software (like Windows). Learn more about free software at fsf.org.

+ +

Most GNU/Linux operating systems come with GnuPG installed on them, so you don't have to download it. Before configuring GnuPG though, you'll need a desktop email program installed on your computer. Most GNU/Linux distributions have a free software version of the Thunderbird email program available to install. This guide will work with them, in addition to Thunderbird itself. Email programs are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like Gmail), but provide extra features.

+ + +

This guide relies on software which is freely licensed; it's completely transparent and anyone can copy it or make their own version. This makes it safer from surveillance than proprietary software (like Mac OS). To defend your freedom as well as protect yourself from surveillance, we recommend you switch to a free software operating system like GNU/Linux. Learn more about free software at fsf.org.

+ +

To get started, you'll need a desktop email program installed on your computer. This guide works with free software versions of the Thunderbird email program, and with Thunderbird itself. Email programs are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like Gmail), but provide extra features.

+ + +

If you already have an email program, you can skip to Step 1.b.

+ +
+ + +
+
+ +

+ +
+
+ +

Step 1.a Setup your email program with your email account

+ +

Open your email program and follow the wizard (step-by-step walkthrough) that sets it up with your email account.

+ + +
+ +

Troubleshooting

+ +
+
The wizard doesn't launch
+ +
You can launch the wizard yourself, but the menu option for doing so is named differently in each email programs. The button to launch it will be in the program's main menu, under "New" or something similar, titled something like "Add account" or "New/Existing email account."
+ +
The wizard can't find my account or isn't downloading my mail
+ +
Before searching the Web, we recommend you start by asking other people who use your email system, to figure out the correct settings.
+ + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + + +
+
+ +

Step 1.b Get GnuPG by downloading GPGTools

+ +

GPGTools is a software package that includes GnuPG. Download and install it, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.

+ +
+
+ + + +
+
+ +

Step 1.b Get GnuPG by downloading GPG4Win

+ +

GPG4Win is a software package that includes GnuPG. Download and install it, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.

+ +
+
+ + + +
+
+
    +
    • +
    • +
    • +
+ +
+
+ +

Step 1.b Install the Enigmail plugin for your email program

+ + + + +
+
+
    +
    • +
    • +
    • +
+ +
+
+ +

Step 1.c Install the Enigmail plugin for your email program

+ + +

In your email program's menu, select Add-ons (it may be in the Tools section). Make sure Extensions is selected on the left. Do you see Enigmail? If so, skip this step.

+ +

If not, search "Enigmail" with the search bar in the upper right. You can take it from here. Restart your email program when you're done.

+ + +
+ +

Troubleshooting

+ +
+
I can't find the menu.
+ +
In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars.
+ + + + +
+ +
+
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ +

#2 Make your keys

+ +

To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers and letters that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked together by a special mathematical function.

+ +

Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it, along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the keyserver as phonebook, where people who want to send you an encrypted email look up your public key.

+ +

Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key to decode encrypted emails other people send to you.

+ +
+ + +
+
+ +

+ +
+
+ +

Step 2.a Make a keypair

+ +

The Enigmail Setup wizard may start automatically. If it doesn't, select Enigmail → Setup Wizard from your email program's menu. You don't need to read the text in the window that pops up unless you'd like to, but it's good to read the text on the later screens of the wizard. Click Next with the default options selected, except in these instances:

+ +
    +
  • On the second screen, titled "Encryption," select "Encrypt all of my messages by default, because privacy is critical to me."
    • +
  • On the third screen, titled "Signing," select "Don't sign my messages by default."
    • +
  • On the fourth screen, titled "Key Selection," select "I want to create a new key pair for signing and encryption my email."
    • +
  • On the screen titled "Create Key," pick a strong password! Your password should be at least 12 characters and include at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or punctuation symbol. Don't forget the password, or all this work will be wasted!
    • +
+ +

The program will take a little while to finish the next step, the "Key Creation" screen. While you wait, do something else with your computer, like watching a movie or browsing the Web. The more you use the computer at this point, the faster the key creation will go.

+ +

When the "Key Generation Completed" screen pops up, select Generate Certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer (we recommend making a folder called "Revocation Certificate" in your home folder and keeping it there). You'll learn more about the revocation certificate in Section 5.

+ + +
+ +

Troubleshooting

+ +
+
I can't find the Enigmail menu.
+ +
In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars. Enigmail may be inside a section called Tools.
+ + +
The wizard says that it cannot find GnuPG.
+ +
Open whatever program you usually use for installing software, and search for GnuPG, then install it. Then restart the Enigmail setup wizard by going to Enigmail → Setup Wizard.
+ + + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +

Step 2.b Upload your public key to a keyserver

+ +

In your email program's menu, select Enigmail → Key Management.

+ +

Right click on your key and select Upload Public Keys to Keyserver. Use the default keyserver in the popup.

+ +

Now someone who wants to send you an encrypted message can download your public key from the Internet. There are multiple keyservers that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.

+ + +
+ +

Troubleshooting

+ +
+
The progress bar never finishes.
+ +
Close the upload popup, make sure you are connected to the Internet, and try again. If that doesn't work, try again, selecting a different keyserver.
+ +
My key doesnt appear in the list
+ +
Try checking "Display All Keys by Default."
+ + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +

GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?

+ +

In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP are used interchangeably. Technically, OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the encryption standard, and GNU Privacy Guard (often shortened to GPG or GnuPG) is the program that implements the standard. Enigmail is a plug-in program for your email program that provides an interface for GnuPG.

+ +
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ +

#3 Try it out!

+ +

Now you'll try a test correspondence with a computer program named Edward, which knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.

+ +
+ + +
+
+ +

+ +
+
+ +

Step 3.a Send Edward your public key

+ +

This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding with real people. In your email program's menu, go to Enigmail → Key Management. You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click on your key and select Send Public Keys by Email. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the Write button.

+ +

Address the message to edward-en@fsf.org. Put at least one word (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email. Then hit send.

+ +

There should be an icon of a yellow key in the bottom right of the composition window. This means that encryption is on, however, we want this first special message to Edward to be unencrypted. Click the key icon once to turn encryption off. The key should become grey, with a blue dot on it (to alert you that the setting has been changed from the default). Once encryption is off, hit Send.

+ +

It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide. Once he's responded, head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as when corresponding with a real person.

+ +

When you open Edward's reply, Enigmail may prompt you for your password before using your private key to decrypt it.

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +

Step 3.b Send a test encrypted email

+ +

Write a new email in your email program, addressed to edward-en@fsf.org. Make the subject "Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body.

+ +

They key in the bottom right of the window should be yellow, meaning encryption is on. This will be your default from now on.

+ +

Next to the key, you'll notice an icon of a pencil. Clicking this tells Enigmail to add a special, unique signature to your message, generated using your private key. This is a separate feature from encryption, and you don't have to use it for this guide.

+ +

Click Send. Enigmail will pop up a window that says "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found."

+ +

To encrypt an email to Edward, you need his public key, so now you'll have Enigmail download it from a keyserver. Click Download Missing Keys and use the default in the pop-up that asks you to choose a keyserver. Once it finds keys, check the first one (Key ID starting with C), then select ok. Select ok in the next pop-up.

+ +

Now you are back at the "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found" screen. Check the box in front of Edward's key and click Send.

+ +

Since you encrypted this email with Edward's public key, Edward's private key is required to decrypt it. Edward is the only one with his private key, so no one except him — not even you — can decrypt it.

+ + +
+ +

Troubleshooting

+ +
+
Enigmail can't find Edward's key
+ +
Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked Send. Make sure you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.
+ + + + +
+ +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +

Important: Security tips

+ +

Even if you encrypted your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses aren't encrypted either, so they could be read by a surveillance system. When you send attachments, Enigmail will give you an option of whether you want to encrypt them.

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +

Step 3.c Receive a response

+ +

When Edward receives your email, he will use his private key to decrypt it, then use your public key (which you sent him in Step 3.A) to encrypt his reply to you.

+ +

It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

+ +

When you receive Edward's email and open it, Enigmail will automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and then it will use your private key to decrypt it.

+ +

Notice the bar that Enigmail shows you above the message, with information about the status of Edward's key.

+ +
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ +

#4 Learn the Web of Trust

+ +

Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness; it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it and impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.

+ +

When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you trust that it does belong to them and not an impostor. People who use your public key can see the number of signatures it has. Once you've used GnuPG for a long time, you may have hundreds of signatures. The Web of Trust is the constellation of all GnuPG users, connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures, forming a giant network. The more signatures a key has, and the more signatures its signers' keys have, the more trustworthy that key is.

+ +

People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint, which is a string of digits like F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8 (for Edward's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and other public keys saved on your computer, by going to Enigmail → Key Management in your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key and choosing Key Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint wherever you share your email address, so that people can double-check that they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.

+ +

You may also see public keys referred to by their key ID, which is simply the last 8 digits of the fingerprint, like C09A61E8 for Edward. The key ID is visible directly from the Key Management window. This key ID is like a person's first name (it is a useful shorthand but may not be unique to a given key), whereas the fingerprint actually identifies the key uniquely without the possibility of confusion. If you only have the key ID, you can still look up the key (as well as its fingerprint), like you did in Step 3, but if multiple options appear, you'll need the fingerprint of the person to whom are trying to communicate to verify which one to use.

+ +
+ + +
+
+ +

+ +
+
+ +

Step 4.a Sign a key

+ +

In your email program's menu, go to Enigmail → Key Management.

+ +

Right click on Edward's public key and select Sign Key from the context menu.

+ +

In the window that pops up, select "I will not answer" and click ok.

+ +

Now you should be back at the Key Management menu. Select Keyserver → Upload Public Keys and hit ok.

+ +

You've just effectively said "I trust that Edward's public key actually belongs to Edward." This doesn't mean much because Edward isn't a real person, but it's good practice.

+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ +

Important: check people's identification before signing their keys

+ +

Before signing a real person's key, always make sure it actually belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ask them to show you their ID (unless you trust them very highly) and their public key fingerprint -- not just the shorter public key ID, which could refer to another key as well. In Enigmail, answer honestly in the window that pops up and asks "How carefully have you verified that the key you are about to sign actually belongs to the person(s) named above?".

+ +
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ +

#5 Use it well

+ +

Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own, and damage the Web of Trust.

+ +
+ + +
+
+ +

+ +
+
+ +

When should I encrypt?

+ +

The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. If you only encrypt emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people doing surveillance won't know where to start.

+ +

That's not to say that only encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it makes bulk surveillance more difficult.

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +

+ +
+
+ +

Important: Be wary of invalid keys

+ +

GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.

+ +

In your email program, go back to the second email that Edward sent you. Because Edward encrypted it with your public key, it will have a message from Enigmail at the top, which most likely says "Enigmail: Part of this message encrypted."

+ +

When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that bar. The program will warn you there if you get an email encrypted with a key that can't be trusted.

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +

Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe

+ +

Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest digital storage that you have -- the ideal thing is a flash drive, disk, or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home.

+ +

If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate file to let people know that you are no longer using that keypair.

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +

Important: act swiftly if someone gets your private key

+ +

If you lose your private key or someone else gets ahold of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses it to read your encrypted email. This guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow the instructions on the GnuPG site. After you're done revoking, send an email to everyone with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know.

+ +
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/kitchen/infographic.t.html b/sv/kitchen/infographic.t.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..16574fe9 --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/kitchen/infographic.t.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/kitchen/javascript.html b/sv/kitchen/javascript.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1ffcab5b --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/kitchen/javascript.html @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/kitchen/next_steps.t.html b/sv/kitchen/next_steps.t.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7abab66f --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/kitchen/next_steps.t.html @@ -0,0 +1,207 @@ + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +

#6 Next steps

+ +

You've now completed the basics of email encryption with GnuPG, taking action against +bulk surveillance. A pat on the back to you! These next steps will help make the most of +the work you did today.

+ +
+ + +
+
+ +

+ +
+
+ +

Join the movement

+ +

You've just taken a huge step towards protecting your privacy online. But each of us +acting alone isn't enough. To topple bulk surveillance, we need to build a movement for the +autonomy and freedom of all computer users. Join the Free Software Foundation's community +to meet like-minded people and work together for change.

+ +

+ GNU Social |  + Pump.io |  Twitter

+ +

Read why GNU Social and Pump.io are better +than Twitter.

+ +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +

Get your friends involved

+ +

This is the single biggest thing you can do to promote email +encryption.

+ +

Before you close this guide, use our sharing page to compose a message to a few friends +and ask them to join you in using encrypted email. Remember to include your GnuPG public key ID so they can easily download your key.

+ +

It's also great to add your public key fingerprint to your email signature so that +people you are corresponding with know you accept encrypted email.

+ +

We recommend you even go a step further and add it to your social media +profiles, blog, Website, or business card. (At the Free Software Foundation, we put ours +on our staff page.) We need to get our culture +to the point that we feel like something is missing when we see an email address without +a public key fingerprint.

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +

Protect more of your digital life

+ +

Learn surveillance-resistant technologies for instant messages, hard drive storage, online +sharing, and more at +the Free Software Directory's Privacy Pack and prism-break.org.

+ + + +

If you are using Windows, Mac OS or any other proprietary operating system, we recommend +you switch to a free software operating system like GNU/Linux. This will make it much +harder for attackers to enter your computer through hidden back doors. Check out the Free +Software Foundation's endorsed +versions of GNU/Linux.

+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +

+ +
+ +

← Return to the +guide

+ +
+
+ +

Make Email Self-Defense tools even better

+ +

Leave feedback and +suggest improvements to this guide. We welcome translations, but we ask that you +contact us at campaigns@fsf.org before you start, +so that we can connect you with other translators working in your language.

+ +

If you like programming, you can contribute code +to GnuPG or Enigmail.

+ +

To go the extra mile, support the Free Software Foundation so we can keep improving +Email Self-Defense, and make more tools like it.

+ +

+ +
+
+
+ + +
+ + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/kitchen/reformat-html b/sv/kitchen/reformat-html new file mode 100755 index 00000000..1d344b99 --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/kitchen/reformat-html @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +# NAME +# reformat-html - reformat HTML files from emailselfdefense.fsf.org + +# SYNOPSIS +# reformat-html /PATH/TO/NAME.html + +# GRAPHIC INTERFACE HOWTO +# * Launch the script by double-clicking on it; a terminal will open. +# * At the prompt, drag and drop the input file into the terminal. +# +# Alternatively (in Gnome, KDE, XFCE, etc.) +# * create a launcher for the application menu; +# * launch the script from the contextual menu of the HTML file. +# +# The reformatted file is created in the directory where the input file +# resides, and its name is NAME-r.html. + +#============================================================================== + +set -e + +# Test whether the script is called from color-wdiff +p=$(pidof -x color-wdiff) || true +test "$p" == "$PPID" && called_from_color_wdiff=1 + +function close_or_exit () { +# turns off interactivity and lets the terminal close normally if the script +# is called from color-wdiff. + +if test "$called_from_color_wdiff" == "1"; then + exit $1 +else + if test "$1" == "1"; then + echo -e 1>&2 "\n!!! $input doesn't exist or is not an HTML." + fi + echo -e '\n*** Close the terminal window or press Return.'; read OK + test -z "$OK" && exit $1 +fi +} + +# Get a valid HTML as input. +input=$1 +if test ! -f "$input" -o ! -s "$input"; then + echo -e "\n*** reformat-html - Please enter the HTML file." + read input + input=${input%\'}; input=${input#\'} + test -f "$input" -a "${input%.html}" != "$input" || close_or_exit 1 +fi + +# Define the output file. +if test "$called_from_color_wdiff" == "1"; then + output=$2 +else + output=${input%.html}-r.html +fi + +tmp=$(mktemp -t ref.XXXXXX) || close_or_exit 1 +trap "rm -f $tmp" EXIT + +cp $input $tmp + +# Remove javascript, which shouldn't be reformatted, leading and trailing +# spaces/tabs, multiple spaces, LF after and
  • . +sed -i -e '/jquery-1.11.0.min.js/,$d' \ + -e 's,\t, ,g' \ + -e 's,^ *,,' \ + -e 's, *, ,g' \ + -e 's, *$,,' $tmp +sed -i -e '/<\/a>$/ {N; s,<\/a>\n<,<\/a> <,}' $tmp +sed -i -e '/^
  • \n ]*>$/ {N; s,\\n, ,}" $tmp +done +for tag in a strong; do + sed -i "/<\\/$tag>$/ {N; s,\\n, ,}" $tmp +done +# This command may need to be repeated. Adjust the number of repeats. This +# could be done by looping back to a sed marker, but a while loop seems +# quicker. +i=0 +while (( i < 2 )); do + sed -i '/[^<>]$/ {N; s,\([^<>]\)\n,\1 ,}' $tmp + let i=i+1 +done +sed -i -e '/ \/>$/ {N; s,\( \/>\)\n,\1 ,}' \ + -e '/ ]*>$/ {N; s,\(]*>\)\n\([^<]\),\1 \2,}' $tmp + +# Make sure there is only one paragraph per string. This command may need to +# be repeated. Adjust the number of repeats. +i=0 +while (( i < 2 )); do + sed -i 's,

    \(.\+\)$,

    \n\1,' $tmp + let i=i+1 +done + +# Single out the tags which include p (will also work for pre). +sed -i 's,\(.\) <$tag,>\n<$tag," $tmp +done + +# Remove leading and trailing spaces, double spaces and blank lines. +# Fuse comment with

    ; separate truncated "~~~" comment from fused tag. +sed -i -e 's,^ *,,' \ + -e 's, *$,,' \ + -e 's, , ,g' \ + -e '/^$/d' \ + -e '/<\/p>$/ {N;s,\n\( +     diff --git a/sv/mac.html b/sv/mac.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c8ec958f --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/mac.html @@ -0,0 +1,673 @@ + + + + + + Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG encryption + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    + +
    +

    #1 Get the pieces

    +

    This guide relies on software which is freely licensed; it's completely transparent and anyone can copy it or make their own version. This makes it safer from surveillance than proprietary software (like Mac OS). To defend your freedom as well as protect yourself from surveillance, we recommend you switch to a free software operating system like GNU/Linux. Learn more about free software at fsf.org.

    +

    To get started, you'll need the IceDove desktop email program installed on your computer. For your system, IceDove may be known by the alternate name "Thunderbird." Email programs are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like Gmail), but provide extra features.

    +

    If you already have an email program, you can skip to Step 1.b.

    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Step 1.A: Install Wizard

    +
    +
    +

    Step 1.a Setup your email program with your email account

    +

    Open your email program and follow the wizard (step-by-step walkthrough) that sets it up with your email account.

    + + +
    +

    Troubleshooting

    +
    +
    The wizard doesn't launch
    +
    You can launch the wizard yourself, but the menu option for doing so is named differently in each email programs. The button to launch it will be in the program's main menu, under "New" or something similar, titled something like "Add account" or "New/Existing email account."
    +
    The wizard can't find my account or isn't downloading my mail
    +
    Before searching the Web, we recommend you start by asking other people who use your email system, to figure out the correct settings.
    + + +
    +
    + +
    +
    + + +
    + +
    +

    Step 1.b Get GnuPG by downloading GPGTools

    +

    GPGTools is a software package that includes GnuPG. Download and install it, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.

    + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +
      +
    • Step 1.C: Tools -> Add-ons
      • +
    • Step 1.C: Search Add-ons
      • +
    • Step 1.C: Install Add-ons
      • +
    +
    +
    +

    Step 1.c Install the Enigmail plugin for your email program

    +

    In your email program's menu, select Add-ons (it may be in the Tools section). Make sure Extensions is selected on the left. Do you see Enigmail? if so, skip this step.

    +

    If not, search "Enigmail" with the search bar in the upper right. You can take it from here. Restart your email program when you're done.

    + +
    +

    Troubleshooting

    +
    +
    I can't find the menu.
    +
    In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars.
    + + + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + +
    +

    #2 Make your keys

    +

    To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers and letters that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked together by a special mathematical function.

    + +

    Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it, along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the keyserver as a phonebook; people who want to send you encrypted email can look up your public key.

    + +

    Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key together to descramble encrypted emails other people send to you. You should never share you private key with anyone, under any circumstances.

    +

    In addition to encryption and decryption, you can also use these keys to sign messages and check the authenticity of other people's signatures. We'll discuss this more in the next section.

    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Step 2.A: Make a Keypair

    +
    +
    +

    Step 2.a Make a keypair

    +

    The Enigmail Setup wizard may start automatically. If it doesn't, select Enigmail → Setup Wizard from your email program's menu. You don't need to read the text in the window that pops up unless you'd like to, but it's good to read the text on the later screens of the wizard. Click Next with the default options selected, except in these instances, which are listed in the order they appear:

    +
      +
    • On the screen titled "Encryption," select "Encrypt all of my messages by default, because privacy is critical to me."
      • +
    • On the screen titled "Signing," select "Don't sign my messages by default."
      • +
    • On the screen titled "Key Selection," select "I want to create a new key pair for signing and encrypting my email."
      • +
    • On the screen titled "Create Key," pick a strong password! You can do it manually, or you can use the Diceware method. Doing it manually is faster but not as secure. Using Diceware takes longer and requires dice, but creates a password that is much harder for attackers figure out. To use it, read the section "Make a secure passphrase with Diceware" in this article by Micah Lee.

      + +
    + +

    If you'd like to pick a password manually, come up with something you can remember which is at least twelve characters long, and includes at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or punctuation symbol. Never pick a password you've used elsewhere. Don't use any recognizable patterns, such as birthdays, telephone numbers, pets' names, song lyrics, quotes from books, and so on.

    + +

    The program will take a little while to finish the next step, the "Key Creation" screen. While you wait, do something else with your computer, like watching a movie or browsing the Web. The more you use the computer at this point, the faster the key creation will go.

    +

    When the "Key Generation Completed" screen pops up, select Generate Certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer (we recommend making a folder called "Revocation Certificate" in your home folder and keeping it there). This step is essential for your email self-defense, as you'll learn more about in Section 5.

    + + + +
    +

    Troubleshooting

    +
    +
    I can't find the Enigmail menu.
    +
    In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars. Enigmail may be inside a section called Tools.
    + +
    My email looks weird
    +
    Enigmail doesn't tend to play nice with HTML, which is used to format emails, so it may disable your HTML formatting automatically. To send an HTML-formatted email without encryption or a signature, hold down the Shift key when you select compose. You can then write an email as if Enigmail wasn't there.
    + +
    More resources
    +
    If you're having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's wiki instructions for key generation.
    + + + + + +
    +
    + + +
    +

    Advanced

    +
    + + +
    Command line key generation
    +
    If you prefer using the command line for a higher degree of control, you can follow the documentation from The GNU Privacy Handbook. Make sure you stick with "RSA and RSA" (the default), because it's newer and more secure than the algorithms the documentation recommends. Also make sure your key is at least 2048 bits, or 4096 if you want to be extra secure.
    + +
    Advanced key pairs
    +
    When GnuPG creates a new keypair, it compartmentalizes the encryption function from the signing function through subkeys. If you use subkeys carefully, you can keep your GnuPG identity much more secure and recover from a compromised key much more quickly. Alex Cabal and the Debian wiki provide good guides for setting up a secure subkey configuration.
    +
    +
    +
    +
    + + + + +
    +
    +

    Step 2.b Upload your public key to a keyserver

    +

    In your email program's menu, select Enigmail → Key Management.

    +

    Right click on your key and select Upload Public Keys to Keyserver. Use the default keyserver in the popup.

    +

    Now someone who wants to send you an encrypted message can download your public key from the Internet. There are multiple keyservers that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.

    + +
    +

    Troubleshooting

    +
    +
    The progress bar never finishes
    +
    Close the upload popup, make sure you are connected to the Internet, and try again. If that doesn't work, try again, selecting a different keyserver.
    +
    My key doesnt appear in the list
    +
    Try checking "Display All Keys by Default."
    +
    More documentation
    +
    If you're having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's documentation.
    + + + + +
    +
    + + +
    +

    Advanced

    +
    +
    Uploading a key from the command line
    +
    You can also upload your keys to a keyserver through the command line. The sks Web site maintains a list of highly interconnected keyservers. You can also directly export your key as a file on your computer.
    + +
    +
    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?

    +

    In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP are used interchangeably. Technically, OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the encryption standard, and GNU Privacy Guard (often shortened to GPG or GnuPG) is the program that implements the standard. Enigmail is a plug-in program for your email program that provides an interface for GnuPG.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + +
    +

    #3 Try it out!

    +

    Now you'll try a test correspondence with a computer program named Edward, who knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.

    + + +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Try it out.

    +
    +
    +

    Step 3.a Send Edward your public key

    +

    This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding with real people. In your email program's menu, go to Enigmail → Key Management. You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click on your key and select Send Public Keys by Email. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the Write button.

    + +

    Address the message to edward-en@fsf.org. Put at least one word (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email. Don't send yet.

    + +

    The lock icon in the top left should be yellow, meaning encryption is + turned on. We want this first special message to be unencrypted, so + click the icon once to turn it off. The lock should become grey, with a + blue dot on it (to alert you that the setting has been changed from the + default). Once encryption is off, hit Send.

    + +

    It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide. Once he's responded, head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as when corresponding with a real person.

    + +

    When you open Edward's reply, GnuPG may prompt you for your password before using your private key to decrypt it.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Step 3.b Send a test encrypted email

    +

    Write a new email in your email program, addressed to edward-en@fsf.org. Make the subject "Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body.

    +

    The lock icon in the top left of the window should be yellow, meaning encryption is on. This will be your default from now on.

    +

    Next to the lock, you'll notice an icon of a pencil. We'll get to this in a moment.

    +

    Click Send. Enigmail will pop up a window that says "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found."

    + +

    To encrypt an email to Edward, you need his public key, so now you'll have Enigmail download it from a keyserver. Click Download Missing Keys and use the default in the pop-up that asks you to choose a keyserver. Once it finds keys, check the first one (Key ID starting with C), then select ok. Select ok in the next pop-up.

    + +

    Now you are back at the "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found" screen. Check the box in front of Edward's key and click Send.

    + +

    Since you encrypted this email with Edward's public key, Edward's private key is required to decrypt it. Edward is the only one with his private key, so no one except him can decrypt it.

    + +
    +

    Troubleshooting

    +
    +
    Enigmail can't find Edward's key
    +
    Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked Send. Make sure you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.
    +
    Unscrambled messages in the Sent folder
    +
    Even though you can't decrypt messages encrypted to someone else's key, your email program will automatically save a copy encrypted to your public key, which you'll be able to view from the Sent folder like a normal email. This is normal, and it doesn't mean that your email was not sent encrypted.
    +
    More resources
    +
    If you're still having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's wiki.
    + + +
    +
    + + + +
    +

    Advanced

    +
    +
    Encrypt messages from the command line
    +
    You can also encrypt and decrypt messages and files from the command line, if that's your preference. The option --armor makes the encrypted output appear in the regular character set.
    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Important: Security tips

    +

    Even if you encrypt your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses aren't encrypted either, so a surveillance system can still figure out who you're communicating with. Also, surveillance agents will know that you're using GnuPG, even if they can't figure out what you're saying. When you send attachments, Enigmail will give you the choice to encrypt them or not, independent of the actual email.

    +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +

    Step 3.c Receive a response

    +

    When Edward receives your email, he will use his private key to decrypt it, then use your public key (which you sent him in Step 3.A) to encrypt his reply to you.

    + +

    It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

    +

    When you receive Edward's email and open it, Enigmail will automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and then it will use your private key to decrypt it.

    +

    Notice the bar that Enigmail shows you above the message, with information about the status of Edward's key.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Step 3.d Send a test signed email

    +

    GnuPG includes a way for you to sign messages and files, verifying that they came from you and that they weren't tampered with along the way. These signatures are stronger than their pen-and-paper cousins -- they're impossible to forge, because they're impossible to create without your private key (another reason to keep your private key safe).

    + +

    You can sign messages to anyone, so it's a great way to make people aware that you use GnuPG and that they can communicate with you securely. If they don't have GnuPG, they will be able to read your message and see your signature. If they do have GnuPG, they'll also be able to verify that your signature is authentic.

    + +

    To sign an email to Edward, compose any message to him and click the pencil icon next to the lock icon so that it turns gold. If you sign a message, GnuPG may ask you for your password before it sends the message, because it needs to unlock your private key for signing.

    + +

    With the lock and pencil icons, you can choose whether each message will be encrypted, signed, both, or neither.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Step 3.e Receive a response

    +

    When Edward receives your email, he will use your public key (which you sent him in Step 3.A) to verify that your signature is authentic and the message you sent has not been tampered with.

    + +

    It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

    + +

    Edward's reply will arrive encrypted, because he prefers to use encryption whenever possible. If everything goes according to plan, it should say "Your signature was verified." If your test signed email was also encrypted, he will mention that first.

    +
    +
    +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    + +
    +

    #4 Learn the Web of Trust

    +

    Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness; it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it and impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.

    + +

    When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you've verified that it belongs to them and not someone else.

    + +

    Signing keys and signing messages use the same type of mathematical operation, but they carry very different implications. It's a good practice to generally sign your email, but if you casually sign people's keys, you may accidently end up vouching for the identity of an imposter.

    + +

    People who use your public key can see who has signed it. Once you've used GnuPG for a long time, your key may have hundreds of signatures. You can consider a key to be more trustworthy if it has many signatures from people that you trust. The Web of Trust is a constellation of GnuPG users, connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures.

    + +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Section 4: Web of Trust

    +
    +
    +

    Step 4.a Sign a key

    +

    In your email program's menu, go to Enigmail → Key Management.

    +

    Right click on Edward's public key and select Sign Key from the context menu.

    +

    In the window that pops up, select "I will not answer" and click ok.

    +

    Now you should be back at the Key Management menu. Select Keyserver → Upload Public Keys and hit ok.

    +

    You've just effectively said "I trust that Edward's public key actually belongs to Edward." This doesn't mean much because Edward isn't a real person, but it's good practice.

    + + + + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Identifying keys: Fingerprints and IDs

    +

    People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint, which is a string of digits like F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8 (for Edward's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and other public keys saved on your computer, by going to Enigmail → Key Management in your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key and choosing Key Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint wherever you share your email address, so that people can double-check that they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.

    + +

    You may also see public keys referred to by their key ID, which is simply the last eight digits of the fingerprint, like C09A61E8 for Edward. The key ID is visible directly from the Key Management window. This key ID is like a person's first name (it is a useful shorthand but may not be unique to a given key), whereas the fingerprint actually identifies the key uniquely without the possibility of confusion. If you only have the key ID, you can still look up the key (as well as its fingerprint), like you did in Step 3, but if multiple options appear, you'll need the fingerprint of the person to whom you are trying to communicate to verify which one to use.

    + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Important: What to consider when signing keys

    +

    Before signing a person's key, you need to be confident that it actually belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ideally, this confidence comes from having interactions and conversations with them over time, and witnessing interactions between them and others. Whenever signing a key, ask to see the full public key fingerprint, and not just the shorter key ID. If you feel it's important to sign the key of someone you've just met, also ask them to show you their government identification, and make sure the name on the ID matches the name on the public key. In Enigmail, answer honestly in the window that pops up and asks "How carefully have you verified that the key you are about to sign actually belongs to the person(s) named above?" +

    + + +
    +

    Advanced

    +
    +
    Master the Web of Trust
    +
    Unfortunately, trust does not spread between users the way many people think. One of best ways to strengthen the GnuPG community is to deeply understand the Web of Trust and to carefully sign as many people's keys as circumstances permit.
    +
    Set ownertrust
    +
    If you trust someone enough to validate other people's keys, you can assign them an ownertrust level through Enigmails's key management window. Right click on the other person's key, go to the "Select Owner Trust" menu option, select the trustlevel and click OK. Only do this once you feel you have a deep understanding of the Web of Trust.
    +
    +
    +
    + +
    + + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + +
    +

    #5 Use it well

    +

    Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own, and damage the Web of Trust.

    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Section 5: Use it Well

    +
    +
    +

    When should I encrypt? When should I sign?

    + +

    The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. If you only encrypt emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people doing surveillance won't know where to start. That's not to say that only encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it makes bulk surveillance more difficult.

    +

    Unless you don't want to reveal your own identity (which requires other protective measures), there's no reason not to sign every message, whether or not you are encrypting. In addition to allowing those with GnuPG to verify that the message came from you, signing is a non-intrusive way to remind everyone that you use GnuPG and show support for secure communication. If you often send signed messages to people that aren't familiar with GnuPG, it's nice to also include a link to this guide in your standard email signature (the text kind, not the cryptographic kind).

    + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Section 5: Use it Well

    +
    +
    +

    Be wary of invalid keys

    +

    GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.

    +

    In your email program, go back to the first encrypted email that Edward sent you. Because Edward encrypted it with your public key, it will have a message from Enigmail at the top, which most likely says "Enigmail: Part of this message encrypted."

    +

    When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that bar. The program will warn you there if you get an email encrypted with a key that can't be trusted.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe

    +

    Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest digital storage that you have -- the ideal thing is a flash drive, disk, or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home, not on a device you carry with you regularly.

    +

    If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate file to let people know that you are no longer using that keypair.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Important: act swiftly if someone gets your private key

    +

    If you lose your private key or someone else gets ahold of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses it to read your encrypted email or forge your signature. This guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow these instructions. After you're done revoking, make a new key and send an email to everyone with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know, including a copy of your new key.

    +
    +
    + + + + + +
    + + + + + +
    +
    +

    Webmail and GnuPG

    +

    When you use a web browser to access your email, you're using webmail, an email program stored on a distant website. Unlike webmail, your desktop email program runs on your own computer. Although webmail can't decrypt encrypted email, it will still display it in its encrypted form. If you primarily use webmail, you'll know to open your email client when you receive a scrambled email.

    +
    +
    + + + + + +
    + + + + +
    + + +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/next_steps.html b/sv/next_steps.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..da7627a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/next_steps.html @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ + + + + + + Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG encryption + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    + + + + +
    +

    #6 Next steps

    +

    You've now completed the basics of email encryption with GnuPG, taking action against bulk surveillance. These next steps will help make the most of the work you've done.

    +
    + + + +
    +
    +

    View & share our infographic →

    +
    +
    +

    Join the movement

    + +

    You've just taken a huge step towards protecting your privacy online. But each of us acting alone isn't enough. To topple bulk surveillance, we need to build a movement for the autonomy and freedom of all computer users. Join the Free Software Foundation's community to meet like-minded people and work together for change.

    + +

    + + +  GNU Social + |  + + +  Pump.io + |  + Twitter +

    +

    Read why GNU Social and Pump.io are better than Twitter, and why we don't use Facebook.

    +
    + + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + +

    Bring Email Self-Defense to new people

    + +

    Understanding and setting up email encryption is a daunting task for many. To welcome them, make it easy to find your public key and offer to help with encryption. Here are some suggestions:

    +
      + +
    • Lead an Email Self-Defense workshop for your friends and community, using our teaching guide.
      • + +
    • Use our sharing page to compose a message to a few friends and ask them to join you in using encrypted email. Remember to include your GnuPG public key fingerprint so they can easily download your key.
      • + +
    • Add your public key fingerprint anywhere that you normally display your email address. Some good places are: your email signature (the text kind, not the cryptographic kind), social media profiles, blogs, Websites, or business cards. At the Free Software Foundation, we put ours on our staff page.
      • +
    +
    +
    + + +
    + + + +
    + + + +

    Protect more of your digital life

    + +

    Learn surveillance-resistant technologies for instant messages, hard drive storage, online sharing, and more at the Free Software Directory's Privacy Pack and prism-break.org.

    If you are using Windows, Mac OS or any other proprietary operating system, we recommend you switch to a free software operating system like GNU/Linux. This will make it much harder for attackers to enter your computer through hidden back doors. Check out the Free Software Foundation's endorsed versions of GNU/Linux.

    +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +

    Optional: Add more email protection with Tor

    +

    The Onion Router (Tor) network wraps Internet communication in multiple layers of encryption and bounces it around the world several times. When used properly, Tor confuses surveillance field agents and the global surveillance apparatus alike. Using it simultaneously with GnuPG's encryption will give you the best results.

    +

    To have your email program send and receive email over Tor, install the Torbirdy plugin the same way you installed Enigmail, by searching for it through Add-ons.

    + +

    Before beginning to check your email over Tor, make sure you understand the security tradeoffs involved. This infographic from our friends at the Electronic Frontier Foundation demonstrates how Tor keeps you secure. +

    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Section 6: Next Steps


    ← Return to the guide

    +
    +
    +

    Make Email Self-Defense tools even better

    +

    Leave feedback and suggest improvements to this guide. We welcome translations, but we ask that you contact us at campaigns@fsf.org before you start, so that we can connect you with other translators working in your language.

    + +

    If you like programming, you can contribute code to GnuPG or Enigmail.

    + +

    To go the extra mile, support the Free Software Foundation so we can keep improving Email Self-Defense, and make more tools like it.

    Donate

    + +
    + +
    +
    + + + + +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/sv/windows.html b/sv/windows.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eecbaa2d --- /dev/null +++ b/sv/windows.html @@ -0,0 +1,668 @@ + + + + + + Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG encryption + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +
    + +
    +

    #1 Get the pieces

    +

    This guide relies on software which is freely licensed; it's completely transparent and anyone can copy it or make their own version. This makes it safer from surveillance than proprietary software (like Windows). To defend your freedom as well as protect yourself from surveillance, we recommend you switch to a free software operating system like GNU/Linux. Learn more about free software at fsf.org.

    +

    To get started, you'll need the IceDove desktop email program installed on your computer. For your system, IceDove may be known by the alternate name "Thunderbird." Email programs are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like Gmail), but provide extra features.

    +

    If you already have an email program, you can skip to Step 1.b.

    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Step 1.A: Install Wizard

    +
    +
    +

    Step 1.a Setup your email program with your email account

    +

    Open your email program and follow the wizard (step-by-step walkthrough) that sets it up with your email account.

    + + +
    +

    Troubleshooting

    +
    +
    The wizard doesn't launch
    +
    You can launch the wizard yourself, but the menu option for doing so is named differently in each email programs. The button to launch it will be in the program's main menu, under "New" or something similar, titled something like "Add account" or "New/Existing email account."
    +
    The wizard can't find my account or isn't downloading my mail
    +
    Before searching the Web, we recommend you start by asking other people who use your email system, to figure out the correct settings.
    + + +
    +
    + +
    +
    + + +
    + +
    +

    Step 1.b Get GnuPG by downloading GPG4Win

    +

    GPG4Win is a software package that includes GnuPG. Download and install it, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.

    + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +
      +
    • Step 1.C: Tools -> Add-ons
      • +
    • Step 1.C: Search Add-ons
      • +
    • Step 1.C: Install Add-ons
      • +
    +
    +
    +

    Step 1.c Install the Enigmail plugin for your email program

    +

    In your email program's menu, select Add-ons (it may be in the Tools section). Make sure Extensions is selected on the left. Do you see Enigmail? if so, skip this step.

    +

    If not, search "Enigmail" with the search bar in the upper right. You can take it from here. Restart your email program when you're done.

    + +
    +

    Troubleshooting

    +
    +
    I can't find the menu.
    +
    In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars.
    + + + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + +
    +

    #2 Make your keys

    +

    To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers and letters that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked together by a special mathematical function.

    + +

    Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it, along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the keyserver as a phonebook; people who want to send you encrypted email can look up your public key.

    + +

    Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key together to descramble encrypted emails other people send to you. You should never share you private key with anyone, under any circumstances.

    +

    In addition to encryption and decryption, you can also use these keys to sign messages and check the authenticity of other people's signatures. We'll discuss this more in the next section.

    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Step 2.A: Make a Keypair

    +
    +
    +

    Step 2.a Make a keypair

    +

    The Enigmail Setup wizard may start automatically. If it doesn't, select Enigmail → Setup Wizard from your email program's menu. You don't need to read the text in the window that pops up unless you'd like to, but it's good to read the text on the later screens of the wizard. Click Next with the default options selected, except in these instances, which are listed in the order they appear:

    +
      +
    • On the screen titled "Encryption," select "Encrypt all of my messages by default, because privacy is critical to me."
      • +
    • On the screen titled "Signing," select "Don't sign my messages by default."
      • +
    • On the screen titled "Key Selection," select "I want to create a new key pair for signing and encrypting my email."
      • +
    • On the screen titled "Create Key," pick a strong password! You can do it manually, or you can use the Diceware method. Doing it manually is faster but not as secure. Using Diceware takes longer and requires dice, but creates a password that is much harder for attackers figure out. To use it, read the section "Make a secure passphrase with Diceware" in this article by Micah Lee.

      + +
    + +

    If you'd like to pick a password manually, come up with something you can remember which is at least twelve characters long, and includes at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or punctuation symbol. Never pick a password you've used elsewhere. Don't use any recognizable patterns, such as birthdays, telephone numbers, pets' names, song lyrics, quotes from books, and so on.

    + +

    The program will take a little while to finish the next step, the "Key Creation" screen. While you wait, do something else with your computer, like watching a movie or browsing the Web. The more you use the computer at this point, the faster the key creation will go.

    +

    When the "Key Generation Completed" screen pops up, select Generate Certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer (we recommend making a folder called "Revocation Certificate" in your home folder and keeping it there). This step is essential for your email self-defense, as you'll learn more about in Section 5.

    + + +
    +

    Troubleshooting

    +
    +
    I can't find the Enigmail menu.
    +
    In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars. Enigmail may be inside a section called Tools.
    + +
    More resources
    +
    If you're having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's wiki instructions for key generation.
    + +
    My email looks weird
    +
    Enigmail doesn't tend to play nice with HTML, which is used to format emails, so it may disable your HTML formatting automatically. To send an HTML-formatted email without encryption or a signature, hold down the Shift key when you select compose. You can then write an email as if Enigmail wasn't there.
    + + + +
    +
    + + +
    +

    Advanced

    +
    +
    Command line key generation
    +
    If you prefer using the command line for a higher degree of control, you can follow the documentation from The GNU Privacy Handbook. Make sure you stick with "RSA and RSA" (the default), because it's newer and more secure than the algorithms the documentation recommends. Also make sure your key is at least 2048 bits, or 4096 if you want to be extra secure.
    + +
    Advanced key pairs
    +
    When GnuPG creates a new keypair, it compartmentalizes the encryption function from the signing function through subkeys. If you use subkeys carefully, you can keep your GnuPG identity much more secure and recover from a compromised key much more quickly. Alex Cabal and the Debian wiki provide good guides for setting up a secure subkey configuration.
    +
    +
    +
    +
    + + + + +
    +
    +

    Step 2.b Upload your public key to a keyserver

    +

    In your email program's menu, select Enigmail → Key Management.

    +

    Right click on your key and select Upload Public Keys to Keyserver. Use the default keyserver in the popup.

    +

    Now someone who wants to send you an encrypted message can download your public key from the Internet. There are multiple keyservers that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.

    + +
    +

    Troubleshooting

    +
    +
    The progress bar never finishes
    +
    Close the upload popup, make sure you are connected to the Internet, and try again. If that doesn't work, try again, selecting a different keyserver.
    +
    My key doesnt appear in the list
    +
    Try checking "Display All Keys by Default."
    +
    More documentation
    +
    If you're having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's documentation.
    + + + + +
    +
    + + +
    +

    Advanced

    +
    +
    Uploading a key from the command line
    +
    You can also upload your keys to a keyserver through the command line. The sks Web site maintains a list of highly interconnected keyservers. You can also directly export your key as a file on your computer.
    + +
    +
    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?

    +

    In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP are used interchangeably. Technically, OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the encryption standard, and GNU Privacy Guard (often shortened to GPG or GnuPG) is the program that implements the standard. Enigmail is a plug-in program for your email program that provides an interface for GnuPG.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + +
    +

    #3 Try it out!

    +

    Now you'll try a test correspondence with a computer program named Edward, who knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.

    + + +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Try it out.

    +
    +
    +

    Step 3.a Send Edward your public key

    +

    This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding with real people. In your email program's menu, go to Enigmail → Key Management. You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click on your key and select Send Public Keys by Email. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the Write button.

    + +

    Address the message to edward-en@fsf.org. Put at least one word (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email. Don't send yet.

    + +

    The lock icon in the top left should be yellow, meaning encryption is + turned on. We want this first special message to be unencrypted, so + click the icon once to turn it off. The lock should become grey, with a + blue dot on it (to alert you that the setting has been changed from the + default). Once encryption is off, hit Send.

    + +

    It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide. Once he's responded, head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as when corresponding with a real person.

    + +

    When you open Edward's reply, GnuPG may prompt you for your password before using your private key to decrypt it.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Step 3.b Send a test encrypted email

    +

    Write a new email in your email program, addressed to edward-en@fsf.org. Make the subject "Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body.

    +

    The lock icon in the top left of the window should be yellow, meaning encryption is on. This will be your default from now on.

    +

    Next to the lock, you'll notice an icon of a pencil. We'll get to this in a moment.

    +

    Click Send. Enigmail will pop up a window that says "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found."

    + +

    To encrypt an email to Edward, you need his public key, so now you'll have Enigmail download it from a keyserver. Click Download Missing Keys and use the default in the pop-up that asks you to choose a keyserver. Once it finds keys, check the first one (Key ID starting with C), then select ok. Select ok in the next pop-up.

    + +

    Now you are back at the "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found" screen. Check the box in front of Edward's key and click Send.

    + +

    Since you encrypted this email with Edward's public key, Edward's private key is required to decrypt it. Edward is the only one with his private key, so no one except him can decrypt it.

    + +
    +

    Troubleshooting

    +
    +
    Enigmail can't find Edward's key
    +
    Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked Send. Make sure you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.
    +
    Unscrambled messages in the Sent folder
    +
    Even though you can't decrypt messages encrypted to someone else's key, your email program will automatically save a copy encrypted to your public key, which you'll be able to view from the Sent folder like a normal email. This is normal, and it doesn't mean that your email was not sent encrypted.
    +
    More resources
    +
    If you're still having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's wiki.
    + + +
    +
    + + + +
    +

    Advanced

    +
    +
    Encrypt messages from the command line
    +
    You can also encrypt and decrypt messages and files from the command line, if that's your preference. The option --armor makes the encrypted output appear in the regular character set.
    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Important: Security tips

    +

    Even if you encrypt your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses aren't encrypted either, so a surveillance system can still figure out who you're communicating with. Also, surveillance agents will know that you're using GnuPG, even if they can't figure out what you're saying. When you send attachments, Enigmail will give you the choice to encrypt them or not, independent of the actual email.

    +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +

    Step 3.c Receive a response

    +

    When Edward receives your email, he will use his private key to decrypt it, then use your public key (which you sent him in Step 3.A) to encrypt his reply to you.

    + +

    It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

    +

    When you receive Edward's email and open it, Enigmail will automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and then it will use your private key to decrypt it.

    +

    Notice the bar that Enigmail shows you above the message, with information about the status of Edward's key.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Step 3.d Send a test signed email

    +

    GnuPG includes a way for you to sign messages and files, verifying that they came from you and that they weren't tampered with along the way. These signatures are stronger than their pen-and-paper cousins -- they're impossible to forge, because they're impossible to create without your private key (another reason to keep your private key safe).

    + +

    You can sign messages to anyone, so it's a great way to make people aware that you use GnuPG and that they can communicate with you securely. If they don't have GnuPG, they will be able to read your message and see your signature. If they do have GnuPG, they'll also be able to verify that your signature is authentic.

    + +

    To sign an email to Edward, compose any message to him and click the pencil icon next to the lock icon so that it turns gold. If you sign a message, GnuPG may ask you for your password before it sends the message, because it needs to unlock your private key for signing.

    + +

    With the lock and pencil icons, you can choose whether each message will be encrypted, signed, both, or neither.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Step 3.e Receive a response

    +

    When Edward receives your email, he will use your public key (which you sent him in Step 3.A) to verify that your signature is authentic and the message you sent has not been tampered with.

    + +

    It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

    + +

    Edward's reply will arrive encrypted, because he prefers to use encryption whenever possible. If everything goes according to plan, it should say "Your signature was verified." If your test signed email was also encrypted, he will mention that first.

    +
    +
    +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    + +
    +

    #4 Learn the Web of Trust

    +

    Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness; it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it and impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.

    + +

    When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you've verified that it belongs to them and not someone else.

    + +

    Signing keys and signing messages use the same type of mathematical operation, but they carry very different implications. It's a good practice to generally sign your email, but if you casually sign people's keys, you may accidently end up vouching for the identity of an imposter.

    + +

    People who use your public key can see who has signed it. Once you've used GnuPG for a long time, your key may have hundreds of signatures. You can consider a key to be more trustworthy if it has many signatures from people that you trust. The Web of Trust is a constellation of GnuPG users, connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures.

    + +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Section 4: Web of Trust

    +
    +
    +

    Step 4.a Sign a key

    +

    In your email program's menu, go to Enigmail → Key Management.

    +

    Right click on Edward's public key and select Sign Key from the context menu.

    +

    In the window that pops up, select "I will not answer" and click ok.

    +

    Now you should be back at the Key Management menu. Select Keyserver → Upload Public Keys and hit ok.

    +

    You've just effectively said "I trust that Edward's public key actually belongs to Edward." This doesn't mean much because Edward isn't a real person, but it's good practice.

    + + + + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Identifying keys: Fingerprints and IDs

    +

    People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint, which is a string of digits like F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8 (for Edward's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and other public keys saved on your computer, by going to Enigmail → Key Management in your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key and choosing Key Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint wherever you share your email address, so that people can double-check that they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.

    + +

    You may also see public keys referred to by their key ID, which is simply the last eight digits of the fingerprint, like C09A61E8 for Edward. The key ID is visible directly from the Key Management window. This key ID is like a person's first name (it is a useful shorthand but may not be unique to a given key), whereas the fingerprint actually identifies the key uniquely without the possibility of confusion. If you only have the key ID, you can still look up the key (as well as its fingerprint), like you did in Step 3, but if multiple options appear, you'll need the fingerprint of the person to whom you are trying to communicate to verify which one to use.

    + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Important: What to consider when signing keys

    +

    Before signing a person's key, you need to be confident that it actually belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ideally, this confidence comes from having interactions and conversations with them over time, and witnessing interactions between them and others. Whenever signing a key, ask to see the full public key fingerprint, and not just the shorter key ID. If you feel it's important to sign the key of someone you've just met, also ask them to show you their government identification, and make sure the name on the ID matches the name on the public key. In Enigmail, answer honestly in the window that pops up and asks "How carefully have you verified that the key you are about to sign actually belongs to the person(s) named above?" +

    + + +
    +

    Advanced

    +
    +
    Master the Web of Trust
    +
    Unfortunately, trust does not spread between users the way many people think. One of best ways to strengthen the GnuPG community is to deeply understand the Web of Trust and to carefully sign as many people's keys as circumstances permit.
    +
    Set ownertrust
    +
    If you trust someone enough to validate other people's keys, you can assign them an ownertrust level through Enigmails's key management window. Right click on the other person's key, go to the "Select Owner Trust" menu option, select the trustlevel and click OK. Only do this once you feel you have a deep understanding of the Web of Trust.
    +
    +
    +
    + +
    + + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    + +
    +

    #5 Use it well

    +

    Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own, and damage the Web of Trust.

    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Section 5: Use it Well

    +
    +
    +

    When should I encrypt? When should I sign?

    + +

    The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. If you only encrypt emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people doing surveillance won't know where to start. That's not to say that only encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it makes bulk surveillance more difficult.

    +

    Unless you don't want to reveal your own identity (which requires other protective measures), there's no reason not to sign every message, whether or not you are encrypting. In addition to allowing those with GnuPG to verify that the message came from you, signing is a non-intrusive way to remind everyone that you use GnuPG and show support for secure communication. If you often send signed messages to people that aren't familiar with GnuPG, it's nice to also include a link to this guide in your standard email signature (the text kind, not the cryptographic kind).

    + +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Section 5: Use it Well

    +
    +
    +

    Be wary of invalid keys

    +

    GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.

    +

    In your email program, go back to the first encrypted email that Edward sent you. Because Edward encrypted it with your public key, it will have a message from Enigmail at the top, which most likely says "Enigmail: Part of this message encrypted."

    +

    When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that bar. The program will warn you there if you get an email encrypted with a key that can't be trusted.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe

    +

    Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest digital storage that you have -- the ideal thing is a flash drive, disk, or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home, not on a device you carry with you regularly.

    +

    If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate file to let people know that you are no longer using that keypair.

    +
    +
    + + +
    +
    +

    Important: act swiftly if someone gets your private key

    +

    If you lose your private key or someone else gets ahold of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses it to read your encrypted email or forge your signature. This guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow these instructions. After you're done revoking, make a new key and send an email to everyone with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know, including a copy of your new key.

    +
    +
    + + + + + +
    + + + + + +
    +
    +

    Webmail and GnuPG

    +

    When you use a web browser to access your email, you're using webmail, an email program stored on a distant website. Unlike webmail, your desktop email program runs on your own computer. Although webmail can't decrypt encrypted email, it will still display it in its encrypted form. If you primarily use webmail, you'll know to open your email client when you receive a scrambled email.

    +
    +
    + + + + + +
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    #1 Get your friends or community interested

    If you hear friends grumbling about their lack of privacy, ask them if they're interested in attending a workshop on Email Self-Defense. If your friends don't grumble about privacy, they may need some convincing. You might even hear the classic "if you've got nothing to hide, you've got nothing to fear" argument against using encryption.

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    Here are some talking points you can use to help explain why it's worth it to learn GnuPG. Mix and match whichever you think will make sense to your community:

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    Strength in numbers

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    Each person who chooses to resist mass surveillance with encryption makes it easier for others to resist as well. People normalizing the use of strong encryption has multiple powerful effects: it means those who need privacy the most, like potential whistle-blowers and activists, are more likely to learn about encryption. More people using encryption for more things also makes it harder for surveillance systems to single out those that can't afford to be found, and shows solidarity with those people.

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    People you respect may already be using encryption

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    Many journalists, whistleblowers, activists, and researchers use GnuPG, so your friends might unknowingly have heard of a few people who use it already. You can search for "BEGIN PUBLIC KEY BLOCK" + keyword to help make a list of people and organizations who use GnuPG whom your community will likely recognize.

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    Respect your friends' privacy

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    There's no objective way to judge what constitutes privacy-sensitive correspondence. As such, it's better not to presume that just because you find an email you sent to a friend innocuous, your friend (or a surveillance agent, for that matter!) feels the same way. Show your friends respect by encrypting your correspondence with them.

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    Privacy technology is normal in the physical world

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    In the physical realm, we take window blinds, envelopes, and closed doors for granted as ways of protecting our privacy. Why should the digital realm be any different?

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    We shouldn't have to trust our email providers with our privacy

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    Some email providers are very trustworthy, but many have incentives not to protect your privacy and security. To be empowered digital citizens, we need to build our own security from the bottom up.

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    #2 Plan The Workshop

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    Once you've got at least one interested friend, pick a date and start planning out the workshop. Tell participants to bring their computer and ID (for signing each other's keys). If you'd like to make it easy for the participants to use Diceware for choosing passwords, get a pack of dice beforehand. Make sure the location you select has an easily accessible Internet connection, and make backup plans in case the connection stops working on the day of the workshop. Libraries, coffee shops, and community centers make great locations. Try to get all the participants to set up an Enigmail-compatible email client before the event. Direct them to their email provider's IT department or help page if they run into errors.

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    Estimate that the workshop will take at least forty minutes plus ten minutes for each participant. Plan extra time for questions and technical glitches.

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    The success of the workshop requires understanding and catering to the unique backgrounds and needs of each group of participants. Workshops should stay small, so that each participant receives more individualized instruction. If more than a handful of people want to participate, keep the facilitator to participant ratio high by recruiting more facilitators, or by facilitating multiple workshops. Small workshops among friends work great!

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    #3 Follow the guide as a group

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    Work through the Email Self-Defense guide a step at a time as a group. Talk about the steps in detail, but make sure not to overload the participants with minutia. Pitch the bulk of your instructions to the least tech-savvy participants. Make sure all the participants complete each step before the group moves on to the next one. Consider facilitating secondary workshops afterwards for people that had trouble grasping the concepts, or those that grasped them quickly and want to learn more.

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    In Section 2 of the guide, make sure the participants upload their keys to the same keyserver so that they can immediately download each other's keys later (sometimes there is a delay in synchronization between keyservers). During Section 3, give the participants the option to send test messages to each other instead of or as well as Edward. Similarly, in Section 4, encourage the participants to sign each other's keys. At the end, make sure to remind people to safely back up their revocation certificates.

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    #4 Explain the pitfalls

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    Remind participants that encryption works only when it's explicitly used; they won't be able to send an encrypted email to someone who hasn't already set up encryption. Also remind participants to double-check the encryption icon before hitting send, and that subjects and timestamps are never encrypted.

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    Explain the dangers of running a proprietary system and advocate for free software, because without it, we can't meaningfully resist invasions of our digital privacy and autonomy.

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    #5 Share additional resources

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    GnuPG's advanced options are far too complex to teach in a single workshop. If participants want to know more, point out the advanced subsections in the guide and consider organizing another workshop. You can also share GnuPG's and Enigmail's official documentation and mailing lists. Many GNU/Linux distribution's Web sites also contain a page explaining some of GnuPG's advanced features.

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    #6 Follow up

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    Make sure everyone has shared email addresses and public key fingerprints before they leave. Encourage the participants to continue to gain GnuPG experience by emailing each other. Send them each an encrypted email one week after the event, reminding them to try adding their public key ID to places where they publicly list their email address.

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    If you have any suggestions for improving this workshop guide, please let us know at campaigns@fsf.org.

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