From: Fabian Egli Date: Sun, 24 Mar 2019 16:00:17 +0000 (+0100) Subject: de: delete obsolete files X-Git-Url: https://vcs.fsf.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=c3b9f52b3bbd0c7884cfaf452b1a8775254bd762;p=enc.git de: delete obsolete files --- diff --git a/de/footer.html b/de/footer.html deleted file mode 100644 index b69aaf2e..00000000 --- a/de/footer.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,67 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/de/gnu-step.html b/de/gnu-step.html deleted file mode 100644 index c7a5e86c..00000000 --- a/de/gnu-step.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ - - -
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  • Step 1.B: Tools -> Add-ons
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  • Step 1.B: Search Add-ons
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  • Step 1.B: Install Add-ons
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Schritt 1.bInstalliere das Enigmail-Plugin für dein E-Mail-Programm

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- In dem Menü von deinen Programm, klicke auf Add-ons (es könnte auch im Untermenü "Werkzeuge" sein). Vergewissere dich, dass " Erweiterungen" links ausgewählt wurde. Kannst du Enigmail sehen? Wenn ja, dann überspringe diesen Schritt.

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Wenn nicht, suche "Enigmail" mit Hilfe der Suchleiste. Installiere es. Starte dein E-Mail-Programm anschließend neu.

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Probleme?

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Ich kann das Menü nicht finden.
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- In vielen neuen E-Mail-Programmen wird das Hauptmenü durch drei horizontale Balken dargestellt.
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#1 Installiere die Programme

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- Diese Anleitung beruht auf freier Software, sie ist transparent und jeder darf sie vervielfältigen oder eine eigene Version produzieren. Das macht es schwieriger für Überwachung als unfreie Software (wie Windows). Lerne mehr über freie Software auf fsf.org.

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Das einzige was du benötigst ist ein Computer mit einem Internetanschluss, ein E-Mail-Konto und etwa eine halbe Stunde. Du kannst dein existierendes E-Mail-Account hierfür verwenden ohne Nebenwirkungen.

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- Auf den meisten GNU/Linux-Systemen ist GnuPG bereits installiert, also musst du es nicht herunterladen. Bevor du GnuPG konfigurierst, brauchst du ein E-Mail-Programm. Bei den meisten GNU/Linux distributionen kann man eine Version des Programms Thunderbird installieren. E-Mail-Programme sind eine andere Art auf E-Mails zuzugreifen, die ähnlich wie Webmail funktioniert, aber wesentlich mehr Funktionen besitzt.

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Wenn du bereits eines hast, dann gehe zum Schritt 1.b.

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Schritt 1.a Konfiguriere dein E-Mail-Account (wenn es nicht schon getan wurde).

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Öffne dein E-Mail -Programm und folge dem Assistenten.

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Probleme?

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Was ist ein Assistent?
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- Ein Assistent besteht aus mehreren Fenstern, die erscheinen und es einfach machen etwas am Computer zu verändern, wie ein Programm zu installieren.
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Mein E-Mail-Programm kann keine E-Mails empfangen.
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Frage erst andere Leute die dein System benutzen, suche dann im Internet.
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diff --git a/de/infographic.html.pre b/de/infographic.html.pre deleted file mode 100644 index a8fb1bd3..00000000 --- a/de/infographic.html.pre +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ - - - - - diff --git a/de/mac-step.html b/de/mac-step.html deleted file mode 100644 index abc4acea..00000000 --- a/de/mac-step.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ - - -
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Schritt 1.b Hole dir GnuPG, indem du GPGTools herunterlädst

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GPGTools ist ein Software-Paket, das GnuPG enthält. Lade es herunter und installiere es. Wähle immer die Standard-Antworten. Nachdem es installiert wurde, kannst du alle Fenster schließen, die es geöffnet hat.

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  • Step 1.B: Tools -> Add-ons
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  • Step 1.B: Search Add-ons
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  • Step 1.B: Install Add-ons
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Schritt 1.cInstalliere das Enigmail-Plugin für dein E-Mail-Programm

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- In dem Menü von deinen Programm, klicke auf Add-ons (es könnte auch im Untermenü "Werkzeuge" sein). Vergewissere dich, dass " Erweiterungen" links ausgewählt wurde. Kannst du Enigmail sehen? Wenn ja, dann überspringe diesen Schritt.

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Wenn nicht, suche "Enigmail" mit Hilfe der Suchleiste. Installiere es. Starte dein E-Mail-Programm anschließend neu.

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Probleme?

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Ich kann das Menü nicht finden.
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- In vielen neuen E-Mail-Programmen wird das Hauptmenü durch drei horizontale Balken dargestellt.
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diff --git a/de/mac.html.pre b/de/mac.html.pre deleted file mode 100644 index 31ed5cd6..00000000 --- a/de/mac.html.pre +++ /dev/null @@ -1,526 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG encryption - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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#1 Get the pieces

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This guide relies on software which is freely licensed; it's completely transparent and anyone can copy it or make their own version. This makes it safer from surveillance than proprietary software (like Windows). To defend your freedom as well as protect yourself from surveillance, we recommend you switch to a free software operating system like GNU/Linux. Learn more about free software at fsf.org.

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To get started, you'll need a desktop email program installed on your computer. This guide works with free software versions of the Thunderbird email program, and with Thunderbird itself. Email programs are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like GMail), but provide extra features.

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If you are already have one of these, you can skip to Step 1.b.

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Step 1.A: Install Wizard

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Step 1.a Set your email program up with your email account (if it isn't already)

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Open your email program and follow the wizard that sets it up with your email account.

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Troubleshooting

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What's a wizard?
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A wizard is a series of windows that pop up to make it easy to get something done on a computer, like installing a program. You click through it, selecting options as you go.
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My email program can't find my account or isn't downloading my mail
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Before searching the Web, we recommend you start by asking other people who use your email system, to figure out the correct settings.
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Step 1.b Get GnuPG by downloading GPGTools

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GPGTools is a software package that includes GnuPG. Download and install it, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.

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  • Step 1.B: Tools -> Add-ons
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  • Step 1.B: Search Add-ons
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  • Step 1.B: Install Add-ons
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Step 1.c Install the Enigmail plugin for your email program

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In your email program's menu, select Add-ons (it may be in the Tools section). Make sure Extensions is selected on the left. Do you see Enigmail? if so, skip this step.

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If not, search "Enigmail" with the search bar in the upper right. You can take it from here. Restart your email program when you're done.

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Troubleshooting

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I can't find the menu.
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In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars.
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#2 Make your keys

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To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers and letters that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked together by a special mathematical function.

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Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it, along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the keyserver as phonebook, where people who want to send you an encrypted email look up your public key.

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Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key to decode encrypted emails other people send to you.

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Step 2.A: Make a Keypair

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Step 2.a Make a keypair

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In your email program's menu, select OpenPGP → Setup Wizard. You don't need to read the text in the window that pops up unless you'd like to, but it's good to read the text on the later screens of the wizard.

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On the second screen, titled "Signing," select "No, I want to create per-recipient rules for emails that need to be signed."

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Use the default options until you reach the screen titled "Create Key".

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On the screen titled "Create Key," pick a strong password! Your password should be at least 12 characters and include at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or punctuation symbol. Don't forget the password, or all this work will be wasted!

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The program will take a little while to finish the next step, the "Key Creation" screen. While you wait, do something else with your computer, like watching a movie or browsing the Web. The more you use the computer at this point, the faster the key creation will go.

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When the OpenPGP Confirm screen pops up, select Generate Certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer (we recommend making a folder called "Revocation Certificate" in your home folder and keeping it there. You'll learn more about the revocation certificate in Section 5. The setup wizard will ask you to move it onto an external device, but that isn't necessary at this moment.

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Troubleshooting

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I can't find the OpenPGP menu.
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In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars. OpenPGP may be inside a section called Tools.
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Step 2.b Upload your public key to a keyserver

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In your email program's menu, select OpenPGP → Key Management.

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Right click on your key and select Upload Public Keys to Keyserver. Use the default keyserver in the popup.

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Now someone who wants to send you an encrypted message can download your public key from the Internet. There are multiple keyservers that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.

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Troubleshooting

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The progress bar never finishes
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Close the upload popup, make sure you are on the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, try again, selecting a different keyserver.
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My key doesnt appear in the list
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Try checking Show Default Keys.
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GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?

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You're using a program called GnuPG, but the menu in your email program is called OpenPGP. Confusing, right? In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP are used interchangeably, though they all have slightly different meanings.

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#3 Try it out!

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Now you'll try a test correspondence with a computer program named Adele, which knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.

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Try it out.

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Step 3.a Send Adele your public key

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This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding with real people. In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP → Key Management. You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click on your key and select Send Public Keys by Email. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the Write button.

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Address the message to adele-en@gnupp.de. Put at least one word (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email, then hit send.

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It may take two or three minutes for Adele to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide. Once she's responded, head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as when corresponding with a real person.

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Step 3.b Send a test encrypted email

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Write a new email in your email program, addressed to adele-en@gnupp.de. Make the subject "Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body. Don't send it yet.

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Click the icon of the key in the bottom right of the composition window (it should turn yellow). This tells Enigmail to encrypt the email with the key you downloaded in the last step.

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Next to the key, you'll notice an icon of a pencil. Clicking this tells Enigmail to add a special, uniqe signature to your message, generated using your private key. This is a separate feature from encryption, and you don't have to use it for this guide.

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Click Send. Enigmail will pop up a window that says "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found."

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To encrypt and email to Adele, you need her public key, and so now you'll have Enigmail download it from a keyserver. Click Download Missing Keys and use the default in the pop-up that asks you to choose a keyserver. Once it finds keys, check the first one (Key ID starting with C), then select ok. Select ok in the next pop-up.

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Now you are back at the "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found" screen. Select Adele's key from the list and click Ok. If the message doesn't send automatically, you can hit send now.

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Troubleshooting

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Enigmail can't find Adele's key
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Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked. Make sure you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.
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Important: Security tips

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Even if you encrypted your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses aren't encrypted either, so they could be read by a surveillance system. When you send attachments, Enigmail will give you an option of whether you want to encrypt them.

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It's also good practice to click the key icon in your email composition window before you start to write. Otherwise, your email client could save an unencrypted draft on the mail server, potentially exposing it to snooping.

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Step 3.c Receive a response

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When Adele receives your email, she will use her private key to decrypt it, then fetch your public key from a keyserver and use it to encrypt a response to you.

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Since you encrypted this email with Adele's public key, Adele's private key is required to decrypt it. Adele is the only one with her private key, so no one except her — not even you — can decrypt it.

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It may take two or three minutes for Adele to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

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When you receive Adele's email and open it, Enigmail will automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and then it will use your private key to decrypt it.

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Notice the bar that Enigmail shows you above the message, with information about the status of Adele's key.

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#4 Learn the Web of Trust

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Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness; it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it and impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.

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When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you trust that it does belong to them and not an impostor. People who use your public key can see the number of signatures it has. Once you've used GnuPG for a long time, you may have hundreds of signatures. The Web of Trust is the constellation of all GnuPG users, connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures, into a giant network. The more signatures a key has, and the more signatures its signers' keys have, the more trustworthy that key is.

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People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint, which is a string of digits like F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8 (for Adele's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and other public keys saved on your computer, by going to OpenPGP → Key Management in your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key and choosing Key Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint wherever you share your email address, so that so that people can double-check that they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.

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You may also see public keys referred to by their key ID, which is simply the last 8 digits of the fingerprint, like C09A61E8 for Adele. The key ID is visible directly from the Key Management Window. This key ID is like a person's first name (it is a useful shorthand but may not be unique to a given key), whereas the fingerprint actually identifies the key uniquely without the possibility of confusion. If you only have the key ID, you can still look up the key (as well as its fingerprint), like you did in Step 3, but if multiple options appear, you'll need the fingerprint of the person to are trying to communicate to verify which one to use.

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Section 4: Web of Trust

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Step 4.a Sign a key

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In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP → Key Management.

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Right click on Adele's public key and select Sign Key from the context menu.

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In the window that pops up, select "I will not answer" and click OK.

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In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP → Key Management → Keyserver → Upload Public Keys and hit OK.

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You've just effectively said "I trust that Adele's public key actually belongs to Adele." This doesn't mean much because Adele isn't a real person, but it's good practice.

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Important: check people's identification before signing their keys

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Before signing a real person's key, always make sure it actually belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ask them to show you their ID (unless you trust them very highly) and their public key fingerprint -- not just the shorter public key ID, which could refer to another key as well. In Enigmail, answer honestly in the window that pops up and asks "How carefully have you verified that the key you are about to sign actually belongs to the person(s) named above?".

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#5 Use it well

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Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own, and damage the Web of Trust.

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Section 5: Use it Well

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When should I encrypt?

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The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. This is because, if you only encrypt emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people doing surveillance won't know where to start.

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That's not to say that only encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it makes bulk surveillance more difficult.

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Section 5: Use it Well

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Important: Be wary of invalid keys

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GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.

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In your email program, go back to the second email that Adele sent you. Because Adele encrypted it with your public key, it will have a message from OpenPGP at the top, which most likely says "OpenPGP: Part of this message encrypted."

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When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that bar. The program will warn you there if you get an email encrypted with a key that can't be trusted.

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Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe

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Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest digital storage that you have -- the ideal thing is a flash drive, disk or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home.

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If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate file.

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Important: act swiftly if someone gets your private key

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If you lose your private key or someone else gets ahold of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses it to read your encrypted email. This guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow the instructions on the GnuPG site. After you're done revoking, send an email to everyone with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know.

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#2 Make your keys

-

To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers and letters that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked together by a special mathematical function.

- -

Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it, along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the keyserver as phonebook, where people who want to send you an encrypted email look up your public key.

- -

Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key to decode encrypted emails other people send to you.

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Step 2.A: Make a Keypair

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Step 2.a Make a keypair

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In your email program's menu, select OpenPGP → Setup Wizard. You don't need to read the text in the window that pops up unless you'd like to, but it's good to read the text on the later screens of the wizard.

-

On the second screen, titled "Signing," select "No, I want to create per-recipient rules for emails that need to be signed."

-

Use the default options until you reach the screen titled "Create Key".

-

On the screen titled "Create Key," pick a strong password! Your password should be at least 12 characters and include at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or punctuation symbol. Don't forget the password, or all this work will be wasted!

-

The program will take a little while to finish the next step, the "Key Creation" screen. While you wait, do something else with your computer, like watching a movie or browsing the Web. The more you use the computer at this point, the faster the key creation will go.

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When the OpenPGP Confirm screen pops up, select Generate Certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer (we recommend making a folder called "Revocation Certificate" in your home folder and keeping it there. You'll learn more about the revocation certificate in Section 5. The setup wizard will ask you to move it onto an external device, but that isn't necessary at this moment.

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Troubleshooting

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I can't find the OpenPGP menu.
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In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars. OpenPGP may be inside a section called Tools.
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Step 2.b Upload your public key to a keyserver

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In your email program's menu, select OpenPGP → Key Management.

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Right click on your key and select Upload Public Keys to Keyserver. Use the default keyserver in the popup.

-

Now someone who wants to send you an encrypted message can download your public key from the Internet. There are multiple keyservers that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.

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Troubleshooting

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The progress bar never finishes
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Close the upload popup, make sure you are on the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, try again, selecting a different keyserver.
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My key doesnt appear in the list
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Try checking Show Default Keys.
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GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?

-

You're using a program called GnuPG, but the menu in your email program is called OpenPGP. Confusing, right? In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP are used interchangeably, though they all have slightly different meanings.

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#3 Try it out!

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Now you'll try a test correspondence with a computer program named Adele, which knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.

-
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-
-

Try it out.

-
-
-

Step 3.a Send Adele your public key

-

This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding with real people. In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP → Key Management. You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click on your key and select Send Public Keys by Email. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the Write button.

- -

Address the message to adele-en@gnupp.de. Put at least one word (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email, then hit send.

- -

It may take two or three minutes for Adele to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide. Once she's responded, head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as when corresponding with a real person.

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Step 3.b Send a test encrypted email

-

Write a new email in your email program, addressed to adele-en@gnupp.de. Make the subject "Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body. Don't send it yet.

-

Click the icon of the key in the bottom right of the composition window (it should turn yellow). This tells Enigmail to encrypt the email with the key you downloaded in the last step.

-

Next to the key, you'll notice an icon of a pencil. Clicking this tells Enigmail to add a special, uniqe signature to your message, generated using your private key. This is a separate feature from encryption, and you don't have to use it for this guide.

-

Click Send. Enigmail will pop up a window that says "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found."

- -

To encrypt and email to Adele, you need her public key, and so now you'll have Enigmail download it from a keyserver. Click Download Missing Keys and use the default in the pop-up that asks you to choose a keyserver. Once it finds keys, check the first one (Key ID starting with C), then select ok. Select ok in the next pop-up.

- -

Now you are back at the "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found" screen. Select Adele's key from the list and click Ok. If the message doesn't send automatically, you can hit send now.

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Troubleshooting

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Enigmail can't find Adele's key
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Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked. Make sure you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.
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Important: Security tips

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Even if you encrypted your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses aren't encrypted either, so they could be read by a surveillance system. When you send attachments, Enigmail will give you an option of whether you want to encrypt them.

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It's also good practice to click the key icon in your email composition window before you start to write. Otherwise, your email client could save an unencrypted draft on the mail server, potentially exposing it to snooping.

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Step 3.c Receive a response

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When Adele receives your email, she will use her private key to decrypt it, then fetch your public key from a keyserver and use it to encrypt a response to you.

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Since you encrypted this email with Adele's public key, Adele's private key is required to decrypt it. Adele is the only one with her private key, so no one except her — not even you — can decrypt it.

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It may take two or three minutes for Adele to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

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When you receive Adele's email and open it, Enigmail will automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and then it will use your private key to decrypt it.

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Notice the bar that Enigmail shows you above the message, with information about the status of Adele's key.

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#4 Learn the Web of Trust

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Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness; it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it and impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.

- -

When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you trust that it does belong to them and not an impostor. People who use your public key can see the number of signatures it has. Once you've used GnuPG for a long time, you may have hundreds of signatures. The Web of Trust is the constellation of all GnuPG users, connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures, into a giant network. The more signatures a key has, and the more signatures its signers' keys have, the more trustworthy that key is.

- -

People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint, which is a string of digits like F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8 (for Adele's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and other public keys saved on your computer, by going to OpenPGP → Key Management in your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key and choosing Key Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint wherever you share your email address, so that so that people can double-check that they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.

- -

You may also see public keys referred to by their key ID, which is simply the last 8 digits of the fingerprint, like C09A61E8 for Adele. The key ID is visible directly from the Key Management Window. This key ID is like a person's first name (it is a useful shorthand but may not be unique to a given key), whereas the fingerprint actually identifies the key uniquely without the possibility of confusion. If you only have the key ID, you can still look up the key (as well as its fingerprint), like you did in Step 3, but if multiple options appear, you'll need the fingerprint of the person to are trying to communicate to verify which one to use.

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Section 4: Web of Trust

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Step 4.a Sign a key

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In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP → Key Management.

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Right click on Adele's public key and select Sign Key from the context menu.

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In the window that pops up, select "I will not answer" and click OK.

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In your email program's menu, go to OpenPGP → Key Management → Keyserver → Upload Public Keys and hit OK.

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You've just effectively said "I trust that Adele's public key actually belongs to Adele." This doesn't mean much because Adele isn't a real person, but it's good practice.

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Important: check people's identification before signing their keys

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Before signing a real person's key, always make sure it actually belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ask them to show you their ID (unless you trust them very highly) and their public key fingerprint -- not just the shorter public key ID, which could refer to another key as well. In Enigmail, answer honestly in the window that pops up and asks "How carefully have you verified that the key you are about to sign actually belongs to the person(s) named above?".

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#5 Use it well

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Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own, and damage the Web of Trust.

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Section 5: Use it Well

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When should I encrypt?

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The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. This is because, if you only encrypt emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people doing surveillance won't know where to start.

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That's not to say that only encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it makes bulk surveillance more difficult.

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Section 5: Use it Well

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Important: Be wary of invalid keys

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GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.

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In your email program, go back to the second email that Adele sent you. Because Adele encrypted it with your public key, it will have a message from OpenPGP at the top, which most likely says "OpenPGP: Part of this message encrypted."

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When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that bar. The program will warn you there if you get an email encrypted with a key that can't be trusted.

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Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe

-

Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest digital storage that you have -- the ideal thing is a flash drive, disk or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home.

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If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate file.

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Important: act swiftly if someone gets your private key

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If you lose your private key or someone else gets ahold of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses it to read your encrypted email. This guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow the instructions on the GnuPG site. After you're done revoking, send an email to everyone with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know.

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#6 Nächste Schritte

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- Du hast jetzt die Grundlagen von GnuPG gelernt und tust etwas gegen massive Überwachung. Herzlichen Glückwunsch! Die nächsten Schritte zeigen dir, wie du mehr aus dem Aufwand, den du heute geleistet hast, machen kannst.

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View & share our infographic →

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Trete der Bewegung bei

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- Du hast gerade einen großen Schritt in Richtung des Schutzes deiner Privatsphäre getan. - Aber wenn jeder dies alleine tut, ist das nicht genug, wir müssen eine Bewegung aufbauen - für die Freiheit und Selbstständigkeit aller Computernutzer. Trete der Community der Free - Software Foundation bei um Gleichgesinnte zu treffen und zusammen für den Wandel zu arbeiten.

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Folge uns auf Microblogging-Diensten:

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- - -  GNU Social  |  - - -  Pump.io  |  - Twitter -

- Lies, warum GNU Social und Pump.io besser als Twitter sind.

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Hilf deinen Freunden

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Bevor du diese Anleitung schließt, nutze unsere Seite zum Teilen, um eine Nachricht an einige Freunde zu schicken, in der du sie bittest, mit dir vsrschlüsselte E-Mails zu schreiben. Denke daran, deine Schlüssel-ID hinzuzufügen, sodass sie deinen öffentlichen Schlüssel herunterladen können.

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Schütze mehr Teile deines digitalen Lebens

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Lerne über überwachungsresistente Software-Lösungen auf der Seite zum Schutz der Privatsphäre des Free Software Directorys und prism-break.org.

Wenn du Windows, Mac OS oder ein anderes proprietäres Betriebbsystem verwendest, ist der wechsel zu einen freien Betriebssystem wie GNU/Linux ein großer Schitt in die richtige Richtung, denn freie Software ist weniger anfällig für Angriffe durch versteckte Hintertüren. Schaue dir die empfohlenen Versionen von GNU/Linux an.

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Section 6: Next Steps


← Zurück zur Anleitung

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Verbessere die E-Mail-Selbstverteidigungsprogramme

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Gib uns ein Feedback oder schlage Verbesserungen vor. Wir können Übersetzungen gut gebrauchen, kontaktiere uns aber zuerst (campaigns@fsf.org) bevor du anfängst, sodass wir dich mit den anderen Übersetzern deiner Sprache in Verbindung bringen können.

- -

Wenn du gerne programmierst, kannst du bei GnuPG oder Enigmail mithelfen.

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Du kannst auch die Free Software Foundation unterstützen, sodass sie die E-Mail-Selbstverteidigung so viel wie möglich verbreiten kann und mehr ähnliche Werkzeuge produzieren kann.

Donate Join now

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#2 Erstelle deine Schlüssel

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Um GnuPG zu verwenden, benötigt man einen öffentlichen und einen privaten Schlüssel (beide bilden ein Schlüsselpaar). Jeder Schlüssel ist eine sehr große Zahl und ist einzigartig. Beide Schlüssel sind mit einer speziellen mathematischen Funktion verbunden.

- -

Dein öffentlicher Schlüssel ist nicht wie ein Hausschlüssel, da er im Internet auf einem Schlüsselserver gespeichert wird. Die Leute können ihn so herunterladen und ihn benutzen, wenn sie dir verschlüsselte E-Mails verschicken. Man kann sich den Schlüsselserver wie ein Telefonbuch vorstellen, wo Leute, die dir eine Verschlüsselte E-Mail schicken möchten, deinen öffentlichen Schlüssel herunterladen können.

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- Dein privater Schlüssel ist eher wie ein Hausschlüssel, weil ihn niemand außer dir besitzen darf. Der private Schlüssel wird eingesetzt, wenn du E-Mails entschlüsselst.

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Step 2.A: Make a Keypair

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Schritt 2.aErstelle ein Schlüsselpaar

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Wähle im Menü deines E-Mail-Programmes OpenPGP → Setup Wizard. - Du musst den Text nicht lesen, wenn du nicht willst, aber es ist eine gute Idee bei späteren Schritten den Text zu lesen.

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Im zweiten Schritt, mit dem Titel "Unterschreiben", wähle "Nein, ich möchte in Empfängerregeln festlegen, wann unterschrieben werden soll."

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Nutze die Standard-Optionen, bis du am Schritt "Schlüssel erzeugen" angelangt bist.

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- Beim Schritt namens "Schlüssel erzeugen", solltest du ein starkes Passwort verwenden. Vergesse es nicht, sonst ist diese gesamte Arbeit umsonst!

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Das Programm wird einige Minuten brauchen während es den nächsten Schritt ausführt. Während du wartest, solltest du etwas anderes mit deinem Computer tun, wie einen Film anschauen oder im Internet surfen. Je mehr du deinen Computer nutzt, desto schneller wird der Schlüssel generiert.

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Wenn der Schritt zur Bestätigung kommt, klicke auf Zertifikat generieren und speichere es auf einem sicheren Ort (wir empfehlen ein externen Datenträger). Du wirst mehr über dieses Zertifikat in Sektion 5 lernen.

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Probleme?

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Ich kann das OpenPGP-Menü nicht finden.
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- In vielen neuen E-Mail-Programmen wird das Hauptmenü durch drei horizontale Streifen dargestellt. OpenPGP könnte in einer Sektion namens Tools sein.
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Der assistent kann GnuPG nicht finden.
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Öffne das Programm, das du benutzt um Software zu installieren, suche GnuPG und installiere es. Starte dann den Assistenten unter OpenPGP → OpenPGP-Assistent neu.
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Schritt 2.bLade den öffentlichen Schlüssel auf den Schlüsselserver hoch

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Wähle OpenPGP → Schlüsselverwaltung im Menü aus.

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Mache einen Rechtsklick auf deinen Schlüssel und klicke dan auf Öffentlichen Schlüssel Hochladen. Nutze den voreingestellten Schlüsselserver im Pop-up.

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Jetzt kann jemand, der dir eine verschlüsselte Nachricht übermitteln möchte, deinen Schlüssel vom Internet herunterladen.

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Probleme?

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Der Fortschrittsbalken hört nie auf.
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- Schließe das Pop-Up, überprüfe deine Internetverbindung und probiere es noch einmal. Wenn das nicht funktioniert, versuche es noch einmal und wähle einen anderen Schlüsselserver.
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Mein Schlüssel erscheint nicht in der Liste.
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Klicke auf das Feld "Standardmäßig alle Schlüssel anzeigen"
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GnuPG, OpenPGP, was?

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- Du nutzt ein Programm namens GnuPG, im Menü steht aber OpenPGP. Missverständlich, oder? Die Begriffe GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP und PGP werden oft verwendet, um das gleiche zu bezeichnen, sie haben aber leicht unterschiedliche Bedeutungen.

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#3 Probiere es aus!

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Jetzt wirst du mit einem Programm namens Edward kommunizieren, das weiß, wie man E-Mails verschlüsselt. - Das ist so, als würdest du mit einer echten Person kommunizieren.

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Try it out.

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Schritt 3.aSchicke Edward deinen öffentlichen Schlüssel

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Dies ist ein spezieller Schritt, den du nicht machen musst, wenn du mit echten Menschen kommunizierst. Im Menü deines E-Mail programms, gehe auf OpenPGP → Schlüsselverwaltung. Du solltest deinen Schlüssel in der Liste sehen. Klicke auf deinen Schlüssel mit der rechten Maustaste und wähle dann Öffentliche Schlüssel per E-Mail senden. Dies erstellt eine neue Nachricht, so als hättest du auf Schreiben gedrückt.

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Schreibe die Nachricht an edward-de@fsf.org. Schreibe mindestens ein Wort in den Betreff und in den Körper der E-Mail und klicke auf Senden.

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Es könnte sein, dass Edward einige Minuten braucht, um zurückzuschreiben. Lese derweil die Sektion Nutze es richtig. Gehe weiter zum nächsten Schritt, wenn sie geantwortet hat. Ab hier tust du das gleiche wie wenn du mit einer normalen Person kommunizierst.

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Schritt 3.bSende eine Verschlüsselte E-Mail

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Schreibe eine E-Mail an edward-de@fsf.org. Schreibe "Verschlüsselungstest" oder etwas ähnliches in den Betreff und schreibe irgendetwas in den Text der Nachricht. Schicke sie noch nicht ab.

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- Klicke auf das Icon mit dem Schlüssel am unteren Rand des Fensters (er sollte gelb werden). - Das sagt Enigmail, dass die E-Mail verschlüsselt werden soll. -

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Drücke auf Senden. Es sollte eine Meldung kommen, auf der steht "Nicht gefundene Empfänger".

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Um Edward verschlüsselte E-Mails zu senden, benötigst du ihren öffentlichen Schlüssel, also muss Enigmail ihn jetzt vom einem Schlüsselserver herunterladen. Klicke auf Fehlende Schlüssel herunterladen und klicke auf den ersten (Schlüssel-ID C09A61E8), klicke dann auf OK.

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- Jetzt bist du zurück am "Nicht gefundene Empfänger"-Dialog. Jetzt musst du auf OK klicken. Sollte die E-Mail nicht automatisch versendet werden, dann kannst du jetzt auf Senden drücken. -

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Probleme?

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Enigmail kann Edwards Schlüssel nicht finden.
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- Schließe alle Pop-Ups die seitdem du geklickt hast aufgetreten sind. Vergewissere dich, dass du mit dem Internet verbunden bist und versuche es nochmal. Wenn dies nicht funktioniert, wähle einen anderen Schlüsselserver aus.
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Wichtig: Der Betreff wird nicht verschlüsselt

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- Auch wenn du die E-Mail verschlüsselst, ist der Betreff nicht verschlüsselt, also solltest du dort keine - privaten Informationen hineinschreiben. Die Sender- und Empfängeradressen sind ebenfalls unverschlüsselt (woher sollte sonst das Programm sonst wissen, wohin die E-Mail geht?). -

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Schritt 3.c Empfange eine Antwort

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- Wenn Edward deine E-Mail empfangen hat, entschlüsselt er sie mit ihrem privaten Schlüssel. Dann wird er deinen öffentlichen Schlüssel von einem Schlüsselserver holen und ihn verwenden um die Antwort zu verschlüsseln. -

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- Da du die E-Mail mit Edwards öffentlichen Schlüssel verschlüsselt hast, braucht man Edwards privaten Schlüssel um die E-Mail zu entschlüsseln. Nur Edward besitzt den privaten Schlüssel, aslo kann niemand außer ihr — nicht einmal du — die E-Mail entschlüsseln.. -

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- Edward braucht einige Minuten um zu antworten. In der zwischenzeit wäre es eine gute Idee, die Sektion Nutze es richtig zu lesen.

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- Wenn du Edwards E-Mail bekommen und geöffnet hast, stellt Enigmail automatisch fest, dass sie mit deinem öffentlichen Schlüssel verschlüsselt wurde und entschlüsselt dann die E-Mail mit deinem privaten Schlüssel. -

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- Beachte die Leiste die über der Nachricht erscheint mit Informationen über Edwards Schlüssel. -

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#4 Verwende das Web of Trust

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- E-Mail-Verschlüsselung ist zwar eine leistungsfähige Technologie, hat aber eine Schwäche: sie braucht eine Möglichkeit um überprüfen zu können, ob die Schlüssel tatsächlich der angegebenen Person gehören. Ansonsten gäbe es keine Art und Weise einen Angreifer davon abzuhalten, Schlüssel mit dem namen deines Freundes zu erstellen und dich glauben zu lassen, er sei dein Freund. Also wurden Signaturen und das Web of Trust erfunden.

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Wenn du den Schlüssel von jemandem signierst, dann sagst du öffentlich, dass du glaubst, dass der Schlüssel tatsächlich dieser Person gehört und nicht einem Angreifer. Man kann sehen, wer deinen Schlüssel signiert hast. Wenn du GnuPG einige Jahre lang verwendet hast, kannst du hunderte Signaturen haben. Die Web of Trust ist eine Konstellation aller GnuPG-Nutzer, die durch Signaturenketten zu einem Netz verbunden sind. Je mehr signaturen ein Schlüssel hat, desto vertrauenswürdiger ist er.

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Öffentliche Schlüssel werden normalerweiße mit einer 8-stelligen Schlüssel-ID wie C09A61E8 (für Edwards Schlüssel) identifiziert. Du kannst deine Schlüssel-ID in OpenPGP → Key Management im Menü deines E-Mail-Programms sehen. Auf diese Schlüssel-ID sollte man sich jedoch nicht vollständig verlassen, da es Schlüssel geben kann, die die gleiche Schlüssel-ID besitzen.

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- Es ist einie gute Idee, deine Schlüssel-ID zu verbreiten, sodass Leute einfacher deinen Schlüssel auf dem Schlüsselserver finden können. Du wirst auch öffentliche Schlüssel finden, die mit dem Fingerabdruck identifiziert werden, welcher eine wesentlich längere Zahlenfolge ist, wie F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8. Die Schlüssel-ID besteht nur aus den letzten 8 Stellen des Fingerabdrucks. Dieser Fingerabdruck ist tatsächlich einzigartig. -

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Section 4: Web of Trust

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Schritt 4.aSigniere einen Schlüssel

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In deinen E-Mail-Programm, gehe zu OpenPGP → Schlüsselverwaltung.

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Klicke mit der rechten Maustaste auf Edwards öffentlichen Schlüssel und wähle jetzt Unterschreiben.

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In dem Fenster was erscheint, wähle "Keine Antwort" und klicke auf OK.

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Wähle Edwards Schlüssel aus der Liste aus und gehe dann auf Schlüsselserver → Schlüssel Hochladen und klicke auf OK.

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Du hast gerade gesagt, dass du darauf vertraust, dass Edwards Schlüssel tatsächlich Edward gehört. Dies bedeutet wenig, da Edward keine echte Person ist, ist aber eine gute Praxis.

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Wichtig: Überprüfe die Identität der Leute, deren Schlüssel du signierst.

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Bevor du einen Schlüssel signierst, überprüfe die Identität des Eigentümers, am besten an einem Ausweis. Hierfür sollte man sich am besten persönlich treffen. Du solltest auf die Frage, wie gut du die Identität überprüft hast, immer mit "Keine Antwort" antworten, da diese Frage wenig nutzen hat und viel mehr Informationen über deine Sozialen Kontakte liefert als normale signaturen.

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#5 Nutze es richtig

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Jeder nutzt GnuPG auf seine Art und Weise, es ist aber wichtig einige einfache Praktiken zu befolgen. Wenn du sie nicht befolgst riskierst du deine eigene Privatsphäre und die deiner Kommunikationspartner. Außerdem beschädigst du die Web of Trust.

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Section 5: Use it Well

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Wann sollte ich verschlüsseln?

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- Je mehr du verschlüsselst, desto besser. Wenn du nur E-Mails hin und wieder verschlüsselt, könnte jede verschlüsselte Nachricht aufmerksamer von den Geheimdiensten verfolgt werden. Wenn alle oder die meisten deiner Nachrichten verschlüsselt sind, wissen die Überwacher nicht, ow sie anfangen sollen.

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- Das heißt nicht, dass nur einige Nachrichten zu verschlüsseln sinnlos ist -- Es ist ein guter Start und macht massiver Überwachung schwieriger.

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Section 5: Use it Well

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Wichtig: Nimm dich vor ungültigen Schlüsseln in Acht!

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- GnuPG macht E-Mails sicherer, es ist aber wichtig für ungültige Schlüssel Ausschau zu halten. E-Mails, die mit ungültigen Schlüsseln verschlüsselt wurden könnten von Überwachungsprogrammen gelesen werden.

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- Gehe in deinem E-Mail-Programm zurück zur zweiten E-Mail, die dir Edward gesendet hat. Weil sie mit ihrem Schlüssel verschlüsselt wurde, gibt es oben eine Leiste die sagt, dass die E-Mail verschlüsselt ist.

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-Gewöhne es dir an, dass du auf diese Leiste schaust. Enigmail wird dich warnen, wenn E-Mails mit ungültigen Schlüsseln verschlüsselt wurden.

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Speichere dein Widerrufszertifikat an einem sichren Ort.

-

-Kopiere das Widerrufszertifikat auf das sicherste Speichermedium was du hast. Das ideale wäre ein Flash-Speicher, der an einem sicheren Ort aufbewahrt wird.

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Sollte dein privater Schlüssel gestohlen werden oder verloren gehen, benötigst du dieses Zertifikat.

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Wichtig: Reagiere schnell, wenn jemand deinen Privaten Schlüssel bekommt!

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Wenn du deinen privaten Schlüssel verlierst (z.B. jemand klaut deinen Computer) ist es wichtig ihn sofort zu annulieren bevor ihn jemand benutzt, um deine E-Mails zu lesen. Wie dies geht wird in dieser Anleitung nicht beschrieben, du kannst dies aber im Handbuch von GnuPG nachlesen.

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Mache deinen öffentlichen Schlüssel zu einem Teil deiner Online-Identität.

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Füge erst einmal deine Schlüssel-ID zu deiner E-Mail-Signatur hinzu, schriebe dann E-Mails an mindestens fünf deiner Freunde, in denen steht, dass du gerade GnuPG installiert hast und deine Schlüssel-ID. Vergesse nicht, dass es eine tolle Infographik gibt, die du mit deinen Freunden teilen kannst.

- -

- Schreibe deine Schlüssel-ID überall hin, wo jemand deine E-Mail-Adresse sehen könnte: deine Profile auf sozialen Netzwerken, Blogs, Websiten oder Visitenkarten. Wir müssen unsere Kultur so verändern, dass wir glauben, dass etwas fehlt, wenn wir eine E-Mail-Adresse ohne eine Schlüssel-ID sehen.

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