X-Git-Url: https://vcs.fsf.org/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=sv%2Fwindows.html;h=ca04ae21fa847e6f14dc36cb409e6ea38d5a4294;hb=73a33f45aa3a8af6a11eef45d735dc254482c123;hp=eecbaa2dc0eb8b77dca1dc93704f3b190662aec0;hpb=d21747140748a6da8426024aa86b0acfe6524e75;p=enc.git diff --git a/sv/windows.html b/sv/windows.html index eecbaa2d..ca04ae21 100644 --- a/sv/windows.html +++ b/sv/windows.html @@ -1,615 +1,1109 @@ - + - + +SjÃ¤lvfÃ¶rsvar FÃ¶r E-post - en vÃ¤gledning fÃ¶r att bekÃ¤mpa +Ã¶vervakning med GnuPG kryptering + + + + + + - Email Self-Defense - a guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG encryption - - + - - - + +

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SjÃ¤lvfÃ¶rsvar FÃ¶r E-post

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Vi kÃ¤mpar fÃ¶r datoranvÃ¤ndares rÃ¤ttigheter, och frÃ¤mjar utvecklingen +av fri (som i frihet) programvara. Att motarbeta massÃ¶vervakning Ã¤r mycket +viktigt fÃ¶r oss.

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VÃ¤nligen bidra fÃ¶r att stÃ¶dja SjÃ¤lvfÃ¶rsvar FÃ¶r E-post. Vi +behÃ¶ver fortsÃ¤tta fÃ¶rbÃ¤ttra guiden och annat liknande material, till +fÃ¶rmÃ¥n fÃ¶r mÃ¤nniskor i hela vÃ¤rlden som tar fÃ¶rsta stegen mot att +fÃ¶rsvara sin integritet.

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Email Self-Defense

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- We fight for computer users' rights, and promote the development of free (as in freedom) software. Resisting bulk surveillance is very important to us. -

- - Please donate to support Email Self-Defense. We need to keep improving it and making other materials like, for the benefit of people around the world taking the first step towards protecting their privacy. - -

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- Bulk surveillance violates our fundamental rights and makes free speech risky. This guide will teach you a basic surveillance self-defense skill: email encryption. Once you've finished, you'll be able to send and receive emails that are scrambed to make sure a surveillance agent or thief intercepting your email can't read them. All you need is a computer with an Internet connection, an email account, and about forty minutes.

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Even if you have nothing to hide, using encryption helps protect the privacy of people you communicate with, and makes life difficult for bulk surveillance systems. If you do have something important to hide, you're in good company; these are the same tools that whistleblowers use to protect their identities while shining light on human rights abuses, corruption and other crimes.

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In addition to using encryption, standing up to surveillance requires fighting politically for a reduction in the amount of data collected on us, but the essential first step is to protect yourself and make surveillance of your communication as difficult as possible. This guide helps you do that. It is designed for beginners, but if you already know the basics of GnuPG or are an experienced free software user, you'll enjoy the advanced tips and the guide to teaching your friends.

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#1 Get the pieces

This guide relies on software which is freely licensed; it's completely transparent and anyone can copy it or make their own version. This makes it safer from surveillance than proprietary software (like Windows). To defend your freedom as well as protect yourself from surveillance, we recommend you switch to a free software operating system like GNU/Linux. Learn more about free software at fsf.org.

To get started, you'll need the IceDove desktop email program installed on your computer. For your system, IceDove may be known by the alternate name "Thunderbird." Email programs are another way to access the same email accounts you can access in a browser (like Gmail), but provide extra features.

If you already have an email program, you can skip to Step 1.b.

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Step 1.a Setup your email program with your email account

Open your email program and follow the wizard (step-by-step walkthrough) that sets it up with your email account.

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Troubleshooting

The wizard doesn't launch: You can launch the wizard yourself, but the menu option for doing so is named differently in each email programs. The button to launch it will be in the program's main menu, under "New" or something similar, titled something like "Add account" or "New/Existing email account."
The wizard can't find my account or isn't downloading my mail: Before searching the Web, we recommend you start by asking other people who use your email system, to figure out the correct settings.
Don't see a solution to your problem?: Please let us know on the feedback page.

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Step 1.b Get GnuPG by downloading GPG4Win

GPG4Win is a software package that includes GnuPG. Download and install it, choosing default options whenever asked. After it's installed, you can close any windows that it creates.

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Step 1.c Install the Enigmail plugin for your email program

In your email program's menu, select Add-ons (it may be in the Tools section). Make sure Extensions is selected on the left. Do you see Enigmail? if so, skip this step.

If not, search "Enigmail" with the search bar in the upper right. You can take it from here. Restart your email program when you're done.

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Troubleshooting

I can't find the menu.: In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars.
Don't see a solution to your problem?: Please let us know on the feedback page.

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#2 Make your keys

To use the GnuPG system, you'll need a public key and a private key (known together as a keypair). Each is a long string of randomly generated numbers and letters that are unique to you. Your public and private keys are linked together by a special mathematical function.

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Your public key isn't like a physical key, because it's stored in the open in an online directory called a keyserver. People download it and use it, along with GnuPG, to encrypt emails they send to you. You can think of the keyserver as a phonebook; people who want to send you encrypted email can look up your public key.

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Your private key is more like a physical key, because you keep it to yourself (on your computer). You use GnuPG and your private key together to descramble encrypted emails other people send to you. You should never share you private key with anyone, under any circumstances.

In addition to encryption and decryption, you can also use these keys to sign messages and check the authenticity of other people's signatures. We'll discuss this more in the next section.

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Step 2.a Make a keypair

The Enigmail Setup wizard may start automatically. If it doesn't, select Enigmail → Setup Wizard from your email program's menu. You don't need to read the text in the window that pops up unless you'd like to, but it's good to read the text on the later screens of the wizard. Click Next with the default options selected, except in these instances, which are listed in the order they appear:

On the screen titled "Encryption," select "Encrypt all of my messages by default, because privacy is critical to me."
On the screen titled "Signing," select "Don't sign my messages by default."
On the screen titled "Key Selection," select "I want to create a new key pair for signing and encrypting my email."
On the screen titled "Create Key," pick a strong password! You can do it manually, or you can use the Diceware method. Doing it manually is faster but not as secure. Using Diceware takes longer and requires dice, but creates a password that is much harder for attackers figure out. To use it, read the section "Make a secure passphrase with Diceware" in this article by Micah Lee.
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If you'd like to pick a password manually, come up with something you can remember which is at least twelve characters long, and includes at least one lower case and upper case letter and at least one number or punctuation symbol. Never pick a password you've used elsewhere. Don't use any recognizable patterns, such as birthdays, telephone numbers, pets' names, song lyrics, quotes from books, and so on.

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The program will take a little while to finish the next step, the "Key Creation" screen. While you wait, do something else with your computer, like watching a movie or browsing the Web. The more you use the computer at this point, the faster the key creation will go.

When the "Key Generation Completed" screen pops up, select Generate Certificate and choose to save it in a safe place on your computer (we recommend making a folder called "Revocation Certificate" in your home folder and keeping it there). This step is essential for your email self-defense, as you'll learn more about in Section 5.

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Troubleshooting

I can't find the Enigmail menu.: In many new email programs, the main menu is represented by an image of three stacked horizontal bars. Enigmail may be inside a section called Tools.
More resources: If you're having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's wiki instructions for key generation.
My email looks weird: Enigmail doesn't tend to play nice with HTML, which is used to format emails, so it may disable your HTML formatting automatically. To send an HTML-formatted email without encryption or a signature, hold down the Shift key when you select compose. You can then write an email as if Enigmail wasn't there.
Don't see a solution to your problem?: Please let us know on the feedback page.

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Advanced

Command line key generation: If you prefer using the command line for a higher degree of control, you can follow the documentation from The GNU Privacy Handbook. Make sure you stick with "RSA and RSA" (the default), because it's newer and more secure than the algorithms the documentation recommends. Also make sure your key is at least 2048 bits, or 4096 if you want to be extra secure.
Advanced key pairs: When GnuPG creates a new keypair, it compartmentalizes the encryption function from the signing function through subkeys. If you use subkeys carefully, you can keep your GnuPG identity much more secure and recover from a compromised key much more quickly. Alex Cabal and the Debian wiki provide good guides for setting up a secure subkey configuration.

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Step 2.b Upload your public key to a keyserver

In your email program's menu, select Enigmail → Key Management.

Right click on your key and select Upload Public Keys to Keyserver. Use the default keyserver in the popup.

Now someone who wants to send you an encrypted message can download your public key from the Internet. There are multiple keyservers that you can select from the menu when you upload, but they are all copies of each other, so it doesn't matter which one you use. However, it sometimes takes a few hours for them to match each other when a new key is uploaded.

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Troubleshooting

The progress bar never finishes: Close the upload popup, make sure you are connected to the Internet, and try again. If that doesn't work, try again, selecting a different keyserver.
My key doesnt appear in the list: Try checking "Display All Keys by Default."
More documentation: If you're having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's documentation.
Don't see a solution to your problem?: Please let us know on the feedback page.

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Advanced

Uploading a key from the command line: You can also upload your keys to a keyserver through the command line. The sks Web site maintains a list of highly interconnected keyservers. You can also directly export your key as a file on your computer.

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GnuPG, OpenPGP, what?

In general, the terms GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP and PGP are used interchangeably. Technically, OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the encryption standard, and GNU Privacy Guard (often shortened to GPG or GnuPG) is the program that implements the standard. Enigmail is a plug-in program for your email program that provides an interface for GnuPG.

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#3 Try it out!

Now you'll try a test correspondence with a computer program named Edward, who knows how to use encryption. Except where noted, these are the same steps you'd follow when corresponding with a real, live person.

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Step 3.a Send Edward your public key

This is a special step that you won't have to do when corresponding with real people. In your email program's menu, go to Enigmail → Key Management. You should see your key in the list that pops up. Right click on your key and select Send Public Keys by Email. This will create a new draft message, as if you had just hit the Write button.

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Address the message to edward-en@fsf.org. Put at least one word (whatever you want) in the subject and body of the email. Don't send yet.

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The lock icon in the top left should be yellow, meaning encryption is - turned on. We want this first special message to be unencrypted, so - click the icon once to turn it off. The lock should become grey, with a - blue dot on it (to alert you that the setting has been changed from the - default). Once encryption is off, hit Send.

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It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide. Once he's responded, head to the next step. From here on, you'll be doing just the same thing as when corresponding with a real person.

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When you open Edward's reply, GnuPG may prompt you for your password before using your private key to decrypt it.

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Step 3.b Send a test encrypted email

Write a new email in your email program, addressed to edward-en@fsf.org. Make the subject "Encryption test" or something similar and write something in the body.

The lock icon in the top left of the window should be yellow, meaning encryption is on. This will be your default from now on.

Next to the lock, you'll notice an icon of a pencil. We'll get to this in a moment.

Click Send. Enigmail will pop up a window that says "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found."

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To encrypt an email to Edward, you need his public key, so now you'll have Enigmail download it from a keyserver. Click Download Missing Keys and use the default in the pop-up that asks you to choose a keyserver. Once it finds keys, check the first one (Key ID starting with C), then select ok. Select ok in the next pop-up.

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Now you are back at the "Recipients not valid, not trusted or not found" screen. Check the box in front of Edward's key and click Send.

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Since you encrypted this email with Edward's public key, Edward's private key is required to decrypt it. Edward is the only one with his private key, so no one except him can decrypt it.

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Troubleshooting

Enigmail can't find Edward's key: Close the pop-ups that have appeared since you clicked Send. Make sure you are connected to the Internet and try again. If that doesn't work, repeat the process, choosing a different keyserver when it asks you to pick one.
Unscrambled messages in the Sent folder: Even though you can't decrypt messages encrypted to someone else's key, your email program will automatically save a copy encrypted to your public key, which you'll be able to view from the Sent folder like a normal email. This is normal, and it doesn't mean that your email was not sent encrypted.
More resources: If you're still having trouble with our instructions or just want to learn more, check out Enigmail's wiki.
Don't see a solution to your problem?: Please let us know on the feedback page.

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Advanced

Encrypt messages from the command line: You can also encrypt and decrypt messages and files from the command line, if that's your preference. The option --armor makes the encrypted output appear in the regular character set.

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Important: Security tips

Even if you encrypt your email, the subject line is not encrypted, so don't put private information there. The sending and receiving addresses aren't encrypted either, so a surveillance system can still figure out who you're communicating with. Also, surveillance agents will know that you're using GnuPG, even if they can't figure out what you're saying. When you send attachments, Enigmail will give you the choice to encrypt them or not, independent of the actual email.

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Step 3.c Receive a response

When Edward receives your email, he will use his private key to decrypt it, then use your public key (which you sent him in Step 3.A) to encrypt his reply to you.

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It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

When you receive Edward's email and open it, Enigmail will automatically detect that it is encrypted with your public key, and then it will use your private key to decrypt it.

Notice the bar that Enigmail shows you above the message, with information about the status of Edward's key.

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Step 3.d Send a test signed email

GnuPG includes a way for you to sign messages and files, verifying that they came from you and that they weren't tampered with along the way. These signatures are stronger than their pen-and-paper cousins -- they're impossible to forge, because they're impossible to create without your private key (another reason to keep your private key safe).

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You can sign messages to anyone, so it's a great way to make people aware that you use GnuPG and that they can communicate with you securely. If they don't have GnuPG, they will be able to read your message and see your signature. If they do have GnuPG, they'll also be able to verify that your signature is authentic.

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To sign an email to Edward, compose any message to him and click the pencil icon next to the lock icon so that it turns gold. If you sign a message, GnuPG may ask you for your password before it sends the message, because it needs to unlock your private key for signing.

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With the lock and pencil icons, you can choose whether each message will be encrypted, signed, both, or neither.

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Step 3.e Receive a response

When Edward receives your email, he will use your public key (which you sent him in Step 3.A) to verify that your signature is authentic and the message you sent has not been tampered with.

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It may take two or three minutes for Edward to respond. In the meantime, you might want to skip ahead and check out the Use it Well section of this guide.

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Edward's reply will arrive encrypted, because he prefers to use encryption whenever possible. If everything goes according to plan, it should say "Your signature was verified." If your test signed email was also encrypted, he will mention that first.

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#4 Learn the Web of Trust

Email encryption is a powerful technology, but it has a weakness; it requires a way to verify that a person's public key is actually theirs. Otherwise, there would be no way to stop an attacker from making an email address with your friend's name, creating keys to go with it and impersonating your friend. That's why the free software programmers that developed email encryption created keysigning and the Web of Trust.

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When you sign someone's key, you are publicly saying that you've verified that it belongs to them and not someone else.

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Signing keys and signing messages use the same type of mathematical operation, but they carry very different implications. It's a good practice to generally sign your email, but if you casually sign people's keys, you may accidently end up vouching for the identity of an imposter.

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People who use your public key can see who has signed it. Once you've used GnuPG for a long time, your key may have hundreds of signatures. You can consider a key to be more trustworthy if it has many signatures from people that you trust. The Web of Trust is a constellation of GnuPG users, connected to each other by chains of trust expressed through signatures.

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Step 4.a Sign a key

In your email program's menu, go to Enigmail → Key Management.

Right click on Edward's public key and select Sign Key from the context menu.

In the window that pops up, select "I will not answer" and click ok.

Now you should be back at the Key Management menu. Select Keyserver → Upload Public Keys and hit ok.

You've just effectively said "I trust that Edward's public key actually belongs to Edward." This doesn't mean much because Edward isn't a real person, but it's good practice.

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Identifying keys: Fingerprints and IDs

People's public keys are usually identified by their key fingerprint, which is a string of digits like F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8 (for Edward's key). You can see the fingerprint for your public key, and other public keys saved on your computer, by going to Enigmail → Key Management in your email program's menu, then right clicking on the key and choosing Key Properties. It's good practice to share your fingerprint wherever you share your email address, so that people can double-check that they have the correct public key when they download yours from a keyserver.

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You may also see public keys referred to by their key ID, which is simply the last eight digits of the fingerprint, like C09A61E8 for Edward. The key ID is visible directly from the Key Management window. This key ID is like a person's first name (it is a useful shorthand but may not be unique to a given key), whereas the fingerprint actually identifies the key uniquely without the possibility of confusion. If you only have the key ID, you can still look up the key (as well as its fingerprint), like you did in Step 3, but if multiple options appear, you'll need the fingerprint of the person to whom you are trying to communicate to verify which one to use.

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Important: What to consider when signing keys

Before signing a person's key, you need to be confident that it actually belongs to them, and that they are who they say they are. Ideally, this confidence comes from having interactions and conversations with them over time, and witnessing interactions between them and others. Whenever signing a key, ask to see the full public key fingerprint, and not just the shorter key ID. If you feel it's important to sign the key of someone you've just met, also ask them to show you their government identification, and make sure the name on the ID matches the name on the public key. In Enigmail, answer honestly in the window that pops up and asks "How carefully have you verified that the key you are about to sign actually belongs to the person(s) named above?" -

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Advanced

Master the Web of Trust: Unfortunately, trust does not spread between users the way many people think. One of best ways to strengthen the GnuPG community is to deeply understand the Web of Trust and to carefully sign as many people's keys as circumstances permit.
Set ownertrust: If you trust someone enough to validate other people's keys, you can assign them an ownertrust level through Enigmails's key management window. Right click on the other person's key, go to the "Select Owner Trust" menu option, select the trustlevel and click OK. Only do this once you feel you have a deep understanding of the Web of Trust.

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#5 Use it well

Everyone uses GnuPG a little differently, but it's important to follow some basic practices to keep your email secure. Not following them, you risk the privacy of the people you communicate with, as well as your own, and damage the Web of Trust.

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When should I encrypt? When should I sign?

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The more you can encrypt your messages, the better. If you only encrypt emails occasionally, each encrypted message could raise a red flag for surveillance systems. If all or most of your email is encrypted, people doing surveillance won't know where to start. That's not to say that only encrypting some of your email isn't helpful -- it's a great start and it makes bulk surveillance more difficult.

Unless you don't want to reveal your own identity (which requires other protective measures), there's no reason not to sign every message, whether or not you are encrypting. In addition to allowing those with GnuPG to verify that the message came from you, signing is a non-intrusive way to remind everyone that you use GnuPG and show support for secure communication. If you often send signed messages to people that aren't familiar with GnuPG, it's nice to also include a link to this guide in your standard email signature (the text kind, not the cryptographic kind).

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Be wary of invalid keys

GnuPG makes email safer, but it's still important to watch out for invalid keys, which might have fallen into the wrong hands. Email encrypted with invalid keys might be readable by surveillance programs.

In your email program, go back to the first encrypted email that Edward sent you. Because Edward encrypted it with your public key, it will have a message from Enigmail at the top, which most likely says "Enigmail: Part of this message encrypted."

When using GnuPG, make a habit of glancing at that bar. The program will warn you there if you get an email encrypted with a key that can't be trusted.

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Copy your revocation certificate to somewhere safe

Remember when you created your keys and saved the revocation certificate that GnuPG made? It's time to copy that certificate onto the safest digital storage that you have -- the ideal thing is a flash drive, disk, or hard drive stored in a safe place in your home, not on a device you carry with you regularly.

If your private key ever gets lost or stolen, you'll need this certificate file to let people know that you are no longer using that keypair.

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Important: act swiftly if someone gets your private key

If you lose your private key or someone else gets ahold of it (say, by stealing or cracking your computer), it's important to revoke it immediately before someone else uses it to read your encrypted email or forge your signature. This guide doesn't cover how to revoke a key, but you can follow these instructions. After you're done revoking, make a new key and send an email to everyone with whom you usually use your key to make sure they know, including a copy of your new key.

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Webmail and GnuPG

When you use a web browser to access your email, you're using webmail, an email program stored on a distant website. Unlike webmail, your desktop email program runs on your own computer. Although webmail can't decrypt encrypted email, it will still display it in its encrypted form. If you primarily use webmail, you'll know to open your email client when you receive a scrambled email.

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+Ãvervakning av e-post bryter mot vÃ¥ra fundamentala rÃ¤ttigheter och +gÃ¶r yttrandefrihet riskabel. Den hÃ¤r guiden lÃ¤r dig ett grundlÃ¤ggande +sjÃ¤lvfÃ¶rsvar mot Ã¶vervakning: kryptering av e-post. NÃ¤r du Ã¤r klar, +kommer du att kunna skicka och ta emot meddelanden som Ã¤r fÃ¶rvrÃ¤ngda +fÃ¶r att sÃ¤kerstÃ¤lla att en Ã¶vervakningsagent eller tjuv som kommit +Ã¶ver ditt meddelande inte kan lÃ¤sa det. Allt du behÃ¶ver Ã¤r en dator med +Internet-uppkoppling, ett e-postkonto och ungefÃ¤r fyrtio minuter.

+ +

Ãven om du inte har nÃ¥got att dÃ¶lja, sÃ¥ skyddar kryptering +integriteten hos de som du kommunicerar med, och gÃ¶r det krÃ¥ngligt fÃ¶r +Ã¶vervakningssystem. Om du har nÃ¥got att dÃ¶lja sÃ¥ Ã¤r du i gott sÃ¤llskap; +det hÃ¤r Ã¤r samma verktyg som visselblÃ¥sare anvÃ¤nder fÃ¶r att belysa +missbruk mot mÃ¤nskliga rÃ¤ttigheter, korruption och andra brott.

+ +

Att stÃ¥ upp i kampen mot Ã¶vervakning krÃ¤ver, fÃ¶rutom +att anvÃ¤nda kryptering, politiskt engagemang fÃ¶r en begrÃ¤nsning +av datat som sparas om oss, men det vÃ¤sentliga fÃ¶rsta steget Ã¤r +att fÃ¶rsvara dig sjÃ¤lv, att gÃ¶ra Ã¶vervakning av din kommunikation +sÃ¥ svÃ¥r som mÃ¶jligt. Den hÃ¤r guiden hjÃ¤lper dig gÃ¶ra det. Den Ã¤r +anpassad fÃ¶r nybÃ¶rjare, men om du redan kan grunderna i GnuPG, eller Ã¤r +en erfaren anvÃ¤ndare av fri programvara, sÃ¥ kommer du att ha nytta av de +avancerade tipsen och vÃ¥r guide till att lÃ¤ra +dina vÃ¤nner.

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#1 Samla ihop verktygen

+ +

Den hÃ¤r guiden fÃ¶rlitar sig pÃ¥ programvara som kommer med +fria licenser; +programvara som Ã¤r helt transparent och som vem som helst kan kopiera eller +gÃ¶ra sin egen version av. Det gÃ¶r den sÃ¤krare frÃ¥n Ã¶vervakningssynpunkt +Ã¤n proprietÃ¤ra program (som Windows). FÃ¶r att fÃ¶rsvara din frihet och +fÃ¶r att skydda dig frÃ¥n Ã¶vervakning, rekommenderar vi att du byter till +ett fritt operativsystem som GNU/Linux. LÃ¤r mer om fri programvara pÃ¥ fsf.org.

+ +

FÃ¶r att komma igÃ¥ng, behÃ¶ver du e-postprogrammet IceDove installerat +pÃ¥ din dator. FÃ¶r ditt system, kanske IceDove hittas under namnet +"Thunderbird". E-Postprogram Ã¤r ett annat sÃ¤tt att komma Ã¥t samma +e-postkonton som du kan komma Ã¥t via en webblÃ¤sare (som Gmail), men erbjuder +ytterligare funktioner.

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Om du redan har ett e-postprogram, sÃ¥ kan du skippa till Steg 1.b.

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+ + +

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Steg 1.a StÃ¤ll in ditt e-postprogram fÃ¶r ditt e-postkonto

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Ãppna ditt e-postprogram och fÃ¶lj instruktionerna (steg-fÃ¶r-steg +genomgÃ¥ng) som stÃ¤ller in programmet fÃ¶r ditt e-postkonto

+ + +

+ +

ProblemlÃ¶sning

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Assistenten startar inte: Du kan starta assistenten sjÃ¤lv, men menyvalet fÃ¶r att gÃ¶ra det ser +annorlunda ut i olika e-postprogram. Knappen fÃ¶r att starta assistenten +kommer att vara under programmets huvudmeny, under "Ny" eller liknande, +benÃ¤mnd "LÃ¤gg till konto", eller, "Nytt/Befintligt e-postkonto."
Assistenten kan inte hitta mitt konto eller laddar inte ned mina +meddelanden: Innan du sÃ¶ker pÃ¥ nÃ¤tet, rekommenderar vi att du bÃ¶rjar med att +frÃ¥ga andra personer som anvÃ¤nder samma e-postsystem, fÃ¶r att klura ut +korrekt instÃ¤llningar
Ser ingen lÃ¶sning pÃ¥ ditt problem?: VÃ¤nligen lÃ¥t oss veta pÃ¥ feedback-sidan.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Steg 1.b Skaffa GnuPG genom att ladda ned GPG4Win

+ +

GPG4Win Ã¤r ett programpaket som inkluderar GnuPG. Ladda ned och installera det. VÃ¤lj de +fÃ¶rvalda alternativen nÃ¤r de erbjuds. NÃ¤r GPG4Win har installerat kan du +stÃ¤nga alla fÃ¶nster som det har skapat.

+ +

+ + +

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Step 1.c Installera Enigmail-pluginen fÃ¶r ditt e-postprogram

+ +

I ditt e-postprograms meny, vÃ¤lj tillÃ¤gg (det kan ligga under sektionen +Verktyg). SÃ¤kerstÃ¤ll att TillÃ¤gg Ã¤r valt till vÃ¤nster. Ser du Enigmail? I +sÃ¥ fall, skippa det hÃ¤r steget.

+ +

Om inte, sÃ¶k efter "Enigmail" i sÃ¶kfÃ¤ltet uppe till hÃ¶ger. Du klarar +det hÃ¤rifrÃ¥n. Starta om ditt e-postprogram nÃ¤r du Ã¤r klar.

+ + +

+ +

ProblemlÃ¶sning

+ +

Jag kan inte hitta menyn.: I mÃ¥nga nya e-postprogram Ã¤r huvudmenyn representerad av en bild pÃ¥ +tre horisontella streck.
Mina meddelanden ser konstiga ut: Enigmail tenderar att inte fungera sÃ¥ bra med HTML som anvÃ¤nds fÃ¶r att +formatera meddelanden, sÃ¥ Enigmail har kanske inaktiverat HTML-formatering +automatiskt. FÃ¶r att skicka ett meddelande i HTML-format utan kryptering +eller signatur, hÃ¥ll ned Skift-tangenten nÃ¤r du trycker pÃ¥ "Nytt" eller +"Compose". DÃ¥ kan du skriva ett meddelande som om Enigmail inte var dÃ¤r.
Ser ingen lÃ¶sning pÃ¥ ditt problem?: VÃ¤nligen lÃ¥t oss veta pÃ¥ feedback-sidan.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

#2 Ta fram dina nycklar

+ +

FÃ¶r att anvÃ¤nda systemet GnuPG, behÃ¶ver du en publik och en privat +nyckel, (tillsammans bildar de ett nyckelpar). Varje nyckel Ã¤r en lÃ¥ng +strÃ¤ng av slumpvis genererade siffror och bokstÃ¤ver som Ã¤r unika fÃ¶r +dig. Din publika och privata nyckel Ã¤r hop-lÃ¤nkade med en speciell +matematisk funktion.

+ +

Din publika nyckel Ã¤r inte som en fysisk nyckel, den Ã¤r fÃ¶rvarad i det +Ã¶ppna i ett uppkopplat arkiv som kallas nyckelserver (keyserver). Andra +laddar ned den och anvÃ¤nder den tillsammans med GnuPG, fÃ¶r att kryptera +meddelanden som de skickar till dig. Du kan tÃ¤nka pÃ¥ nyckelservern som en +telefonbok; andra som vill skicka ett krypterat meddelande till dig kan leta +upp din publika nyckel.

+ +

Din privata nyckel Ã¤r mer som en fysisk nyckel, fÃ¶r du behÃ¥ller den fÃ¶r +dig sjÃ¤lv (pÃ¥ din dator). Du anvÃ¤nder GnuPG och din privata nyckel ihop fÃ¶r +att dekryptera krypterade meddelanden som andra har skickat till dig. Du bÃ¶r aldrig, under nÃ¥gra omstÃ¤ndigheter, +dela din privata nyckel med nÃ¥gon.

+ +

FÃ¶rutom kryptering och dekryptering, kan du anvÃ¤nda dessa nycklar fÃ¶r +att signera meddelanden och kontrollera Ã¤ktheten hos andras signaturer. Vi +kommer att prata mer om det i nÃ¤sta steg.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Steg 2.a GÃ¶r ett nyckelpar

+ +

Enigmail-assistenten startar kanske upp automatiskt. Om den inte gÃ¶r det, +vÃ¤lj Enigmail → Enigmail-assistenten frÃ¥n ditt e-postprograms meny. Du +behÃ¶ver inte lÃ¤sa texten som poppar upp om du inte vill, men det Ã¤r bra +att lÃ¤sa texten pÃ¥ de senare sidorna av assistenten. Klicka pÃ¥ nÃ¤sta +med de fÃ¶rinstÃ¤llda alternativen valda, fÃ¶rutom de som Ã¤r listade hÃ¤r +i den ordning de dyker upp:

+ +

PÃ¥ sidan med titeln "Kryptering", vÃ¤lj "Kryptera alla mina meddelanden +som standard, eftersom integritet Ã¤r viktigt fÃ¶r mig."
PÃ¥ sidan med titeln "Signering", vÃ¤lj "Signera inte alla mina meddelanden +som standard."
PÃ¥ skÃ¤rmen med titeln "Nyckelval", vÃ¤lj "Jag vill skapa ett nytt +nyckelpar fÃ¶r signering och kryptering av e-post."
PÃ¥ skÃ¤rmen med titeln "Skapa nyckel", vÃ¤lj ett starkt lÃ¶senord. Du +kan gÃ¶ra det manuellt, eller sÃ¥ kan du anvÃ¤nda Diceware-metoden. Att gÃ¶ra +det manuellt Ã¤r snabbare men inte lika sÃ¤kert. Att anvÃ¤nda Diceware tar +lÃ¤ngre tid och fÃ¶rutsÃ¤tter tillgÃ¥ng till dice, men det ger ett lÃ¶senord +som Ã¤r mycket svÃ¥rare fÃ¶r en angripare att lista ut. FÃ¶r att anvÃ¤nda +den metoden, lÃ¤s avsnittet "Make a secure passphrase with Diceware" i +den hÃ¤r artikeln av Micah Lee.

+ +

Om du vill vÃ¤lja ett lÃ¶senord manuellt, hitta pÃ¥ ett som du kan komma +ihÃ¥g och Ã¤r minst tolv tecken lÃ¥ngt, innehÃ¥ller minst en gemen och en +versal och Ã¥tminstone en siffra eller skiljetecken. AnvÃ¤nd aldrig ett +lÃ¶senord som du har anvÃ¤nt nÃ¥gon annanstans. AnvÃ¤nd inte igenkÃ¤nnbara +mÃ¶nster som fÃ¶delsedagar, telefonnummer, namn pÃ¥ husdjur, sÃ¥ngtexter, +citat frÃ¥n bÃ¶cker eller liknande.

+ +

Programmet kommer att ta lite tid pÃ¥ sig fÃ¶r att slutfÃ¶ra +nÃ¤sta steg, sidan "Nyckelskapande". Medan du vÃ¤ntar, gÃ¶r nÃ¥got annat +pÃ¥ datorn, som att tittat pÃ¥ en video eller surfa pÃ¥ nÃ¤tet. Ju mer du +anvÃ¤nder datorn vid det hÃ¤r steget, ju fortare kommer det att gÃ¥ att +skapa nyckeln.

+ +

NÃ¤r sidan "Nyckelgenerering klar" dyker +upp, vÃ¤lj Skapa certifikat och spara det pÃ¥ en sÃ¤ker plats pÃ¥ din dator +(vi rekommenderar att du sparar det i en katalog som du kallar "Certifikat +annullering" i din hemkatalog och lÃ¥ter den vara dÃ¤r). Det hÃ¤r steget Ã¤r +grundlÃ¤ggande fÃ¶r ditt sjÃ¤lvfÃ¶rsvar fÃ¶r e-post som vi ska lÃ¤ra mer om +i Steg 5.

+ + +

+ +

ProblemlÃ¶sning

+ +

Jag kan inte hitta menyn fÃ¶r Enigmail: I mÃ¥nga nya e-postprogram Ã¤r huvudmenyn representerad av en bild pÃ¥ +tre horisontella streck. Enigmail kan ligga under sektionen verktyg.
Mera hjÃ¤lp: Om du har problem med vÃ¥ra +instruktioner eller bara vill lÃ¤ra dig mer, kolla +Enigmail's wiki-instruktioner fÃ¶r att skapa nycklar.
Ser ingen lÃ¶sning pÃ¥ ditt problem?: VÃ¤nligen lÃ¥t oss veta pÃ¥ feedback-sidan.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Avancerat

+ +

Skapa nycklar med kommandorad: Om du fÃ¶redrar att anvÃ¤nda en terminal och kommandon fÃ¶r +mer detaljerad kontroll kan du fÃ¶lja dokumentationen frÃ¥n The GNU Privacy +Handbook. SÃ¤kerstÃ¤ll att du anvÃ¤nder "RSA och RSA" (det fÃ¶rvalda), +det Ã¤r nyare och mer sÃ¤kert Ã¤n algoritmerna som rekommenderas i +dokumentationen. SÃ¤kerstÃ¤ll ocksÃ¥ att du anvÃ¤nder minst 2048 bitar, +eller 4096 bitar om du vill vara extra sÃ¤ker.
Avancerade nyckelpar: NÃ¤r GnuPG skapar ett nytt nyckelpar, sorteras +krypteringsfunktionen frÃ¥n signeringsfunktionen via undernycklar. Om +du hanterar dina undernycklar noggrant, kan du +hÃ¥lla din GnuPG-identitet mer sÃ¤ker. ÃterstÃ¤llning +frÃ¥n en komprometterad nyckel kan gÃ¥ mycket snabbare. Alex Cabal +och Debians wiki +Ã¤r bra guider fÃ¶r att arrangera en sÃ¤ker undernyckel-konfiguration.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Steg 2.b Ladda upp din publika nyckel till en nyckelserver

+ +

I ditt e-postprograms meny, vÃ¤lj Enigmail → OpenPGP +nyckelhantering.

+ +

HÃ¶gerklicka pÃ¥ din nyckel och vÃ¤lj Ladda upp publika nycklar till +nyckelserver. AnvÃ¤nd den fÃ¶rvalda nyckelservern i dialogen.

+ +

Nu, nÃ¤r nÃ¥gon vill skicka ett krypterat meddelande till +dig, kan din publika nyckel laddas ned frÃ¥n Internet. Det finns multipla +nyckelservrar som du kan vÃ¤lja frÃ¥n i menyn nÃ¤r du laddar upp, men de Ã¤r +alla kopior av varandra sÃ¥ det spelar ingen roll vilken du anvÃ¤nder. Det +kan dock ta nÃ¥gra timmar fÃ¶r dem att spegla varandra nÃ¤r en ny nyckel +laddas upp.

+ + +

+ +

ProblemlÃ¶sning

+ +

FÃ¶rloppsindikatorn blir aldrig klar: StÃ¤ng dialogen, sÃ¤kerstÃ¤ll att du Ã¤r uppkopplad mot Internet +och fÃ¶rsÃ¶k igen. Om det inte hjÃ¤lper, fÃ¶rsÃ¶k igen med en annan +nyckelserver.
Min nyckel dyker inte upp i listan: Prova att bocka i "Visa alla nycklar som standard."
Mera dokumentation: Om du har problem med vÃ¥ra +instruktioner eller bara vill lÃ¤ra dig mer, kolla +Enigmail's dokumentation.
Ser ingen lÃ¶sning pÃ¥ ditt problem?: VÃ¤nligen lÃ¥t oss veta pÃ¥ feedback-sidan.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Avancerat

+ +

Ladda upp din nyckel med en kommandorad: Du kan ocksÃ¥ ladda upp din nyckel med en kommandorad. Webbsidan sks +har en lista pÃ¥ starkt sammankopplade nyckelservrar. Du kan ocksÃ¥ exportera din +nyckel direkt som en fil pÃ¥ din dator.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

GnuPG, OpenPGP, vaddÃ¥?

+ +

I allmÃ¤nhet anvÃ¤nds termerna GnuPG, GPG, GNU Privacy Guard, OpenPGP och +PGP omvÃ¤xlande. Tekniskt sett Ã¤r OpenPGP (Pretty Good Privacy) standarden +fÃ¶r kryptering och GNU Privacy Guard (fÃ¶rkortas ofta GPG eller GnuPG) +programmet som implementerar standarden. Enigmail Ã¤r ett tillÃ¤ggsprogram +fÃ¶r ditt e-postprogram som erbjuder ett grÃ¤nssnitt fÃ¶r GnuPG.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

#3 Prova!

+ +

Nu ska du prova att korrespondera med ett datorprogram som heter Edward, +som vet hur man anvÃ¤nder kryptering. FÃ¶rutom dÃ¤r det Ã¤r noterat Ã¤r +detta samma steg som man gÃ¥r igenom vid korrespondens med en riktig person

+ + +

+ +

Steg 3.a Skicka din publika nyckel till Edward

+ +

Det hÃ¤r Ã¤r ett speciellt steg som man inte behÃ¶ver gÃ¥ igenom vid +korrespondens med riktiga personer. I ditt e-postprogram, gÃ¥ till Enigmail +→ OpenPGP nyckelhantering. Du borde se din nyckel i listan som poppar +upp. HÃ¶gerklicka pÃ¥ din nyckel och vÃ¤lj Skicka publika nycklar via +e-post. Det kommer att skapa ett utkast, precis som om du just hade klickat +pÃ¥ Write-knappen

+ +

Adressera meddelandet till edward-sv@fsf.org. LÃ¤gg in Ã¥tminstone +ett ord (vilket du vill) i Ã¤mnesraden och i sjÃ¤lva meddelandet. Skicka +inte Ã¤nnu.

+ +

LÃ¥s-ikonen uppe till vÃ¤nster borde vara gul, vilket betyder att kryptering +Ã¤r aktiverat. Vi vill att detta fÃ¶rsta meddelande ska vara okrypterat, sÃ¥ +klicka en gÃ¥ng pÃ¥ ikonen fÃ¶r att inaktivera. LÃ¥s-ikonen borde bli grÃ¥ med +en blÃ¥ punkt pÃ¥ (fÃ¶r att upplysa dig om att den fÃ¶rvalda instÃ¤llningen +Ã¤r inaktiverad). NÃ¤r krypteringen Ã¤r inaktiverad, tryck pÃ¥ Skicka.

+ +

Det kanske tar tvÃ¥ eller tre minuter fÃ¶r Edward att +svara. Medan du vÃ¤ntar kanske du vill hoppa i fÃ¶rvÃ¤g och kolla steget +AnvÃ¤nd vÃ¤l i denna guide. NÃ¤r han har svarat, +fortsÃ¤tt till nÃ¤sta steg. FrÃ¥n och med nu kommer du att gÃ¶ra precis som +vid korrespondens med en riktig person.

+ +

NÃ¤r du Ã¶ppnar Edwards svar kanske GnuPG uppmanar dig att skriva ditt +lÃ¶senord fÃ¶r din privata nyckel fÃ¶r att dekryptera meddelandet.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Steg 3.b Skicka ett krypterat testmeddelande

+ +

Skriv ett nytt meddelande med ditt e-postprogram, adresserat till +edward-sv@fsf.org. AnvÃ¤nd som +Ã¤mnesrad "Test kryptering" eller nÃ¥got liknande och skriv nÃ¥got i sjÃ¤lva +meddelandet.

+ +

LÃ¥s-ikonen uppe till vÃ¤nster borde vara gul, vilket betyder att +kryptering Ã¤r aktiverat. Det kommer att vara din fÃ¶rvalda instÃ¤llning +frÃ¥n och med nu.

+ +

Bredvid lÃ¥s-ikonen ser du en ikon av en penna. Vi Ã¥terkommer +till det om en stund.

+ +

Klicka pÃ¥ Skicka. Enigmail poppar upp ett fÃ¶nster som sÃ¤ger "Mottagarna +ej giltiga, ej betrodda eller ej funna."

+ +

FÃ¶r att kryptera ett meddelande till Edward behÃ¶ver du hans +publika nyckel. SÃ¥ nu ska du lÃ¥ta Enigmail ladda ned den frÃ¥n en +nyckelserver. Klicka pÃ¥ Ladda ner saknade nycklar, och anvÃ¤nd det fÃ¶rvalda +i fÃ¶nstret som poppar upp och ber dig vÃ¤lja en nyckelserver. NÃ¤r nycklar +Ã¤r hittade, vÃ¤lj den fÃ¶rsta (Key ID som startar med C), vÃ¤lj sen OK. VÃ¤lj +OK i nÃ¤sta fÃ¶nster som poppar upp.

+ +

Nu Ã¤r du tillbaka till fÃ¶nstret med "Mottagarna ej giltiga, ej betrodda +eller ej funna". Bocka i rutan framfÃ¶r Edwards nyckel och klicka pÃ¥ +Skicka.

+ +

Eftersom du krypterade det hÃ¤r meddelandet med Edwards +publika nyckel Ã¤r Edwards privata nyckel nÃ¶dvÃ¤ndig fÃ¶r att dekryptera +det. Edward Ã¤r den enda som har hans privata nyckel, sÃ¥ ingen utom han +kan dekryptera det.

+ + +

+ +

ProblemlÃ¶sning

+ +

Enigmail kan inte hitta Edwards nyckel: StÃ¤ng fÃ¶nstren som har poppat upp sen du klickade pÃ¥ +Skicka. SÃ¤kerstÃ¤ll att du Ã¤r uppkopplad mot Internet och prova igen. Om +det inte fungerar, repetera processen och prova med en annan nyckelserver +nÃ¤r du ombeds vÃ¤lja en.
OfÃ¶rvrÃ¤ngda meddelanden i Sent-mappen: Du kan inte dekryptera meddelanden som har krypterats med nÃ¥gon +annans publika nyckel. Men ditt e-postprogram sparar automatiskt en kopia, +krypterad med din publika nyckel, som du kan lÃ¤sa i Sent-mappen, precis +som ett vanligt meddelande. Det Ã¤r normalt, och det betyder inte att ditt +meddelande skickades okrypterat.
Mera dokumentation: Om du har problem med vÃ¥ra +instruktioner eller bara vill lÃ¤ra dig mer, kolla +Enigmails wiki.
Ser ingen lÃ¶sning pÃ¥ ditt problem?: VÃ¤nligen lÃ¥t oss veta pÃ¥ feedback-sidan.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Avancerat

+ +

Kryptera meddelanden frÃ¥n kommandoraden: Du kan ocksÃ¥ kryptera meddelanden och filer frÃ¥n kommandoraden, om +det Ã¤r vad du fÃ¶redrar. Optionen --armor gÃ¶r att det krypterade resultatet +visas med lÃ¤sbar teckenuppsÃ¤ttning.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Viktigt: SÃ¤kerhetstips

+ +

Ãven om du krypterar dina meddelanden Ã¤r Ã¤mnesraden okrypterad, sÃ¥ +skriv inte privat information i den. SÃ¤ndande och mottagande adress Ã¤r +inte krypterat helller, sÃ¥ ett Ã¶vervakningssystem kan fortfarande lista +ut vem du kommunicerar med. Ãvervakningsagenter kommer ocksÃ¥ att veta att +du anvÃ¤nder GnuPG, Ã¤ven om de inte kan klura ut vad du skriver. NÃ¤r du +skickar bilagor kommer Enigmail att ge dig valet att kryptera dem eller inte, +oberoende av det faktiska meddelandet.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Steg 3.c Ta emot en respons

+ +

NÃ¤r Edward fÃ¥r ditt meddelande anvÃ¤nder han sin privata nyckel fÃ¶r +att dekryptera det, sen anvÃ¤nder han din publika nyckel (som du skickade +till honom i Steg 3.A) fÃ¶r att kryptera sin respons +till dig.

+ +

Det kanske tar tvÃ¥ eller tre minuter fÃ¶r Edward att +svara. Medan du vÃ¤ntar kanske du vill hoppa i fÃ¶rvÃ¤g och kolla steget AnvÃ¤nd vÃ¤l i denna guide.

+ +

NÃ¤r du fÃ¥r Edwards meddelande och Ã¶ppnar det, kommer Enigmail direkt +detektera att det Ã¤r krypterat med din publika nyckel, och sen anvÃ¤nda +din privata nyckel fÃ¶r att dekryptera det.

+ +

Notera raden som Enigmail visar dig ovanfÃ¶r meddelandet med information +om status pÃ¥ Edwards nyckel.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Steg 3.d Skicka ett signerat testmeddelande

+ +

GnuPG inkluderar en metod fÃ¶r dig att signera meddelanden och filer fÃ¶r +att verifiera att de kommer frÃ¥n dig, och att de inte har manipulerats pÃ¥ +vÃ¤gen. De hÃ¤r signaturerna Ã¤r starkare Ã¤n sina penna-och-papper-kusiner -- +de Ã¤r omÃ¶jliga att forcera, dÃ¥ det inte Ã¤r mÃ¶jligt att skapa dem utan +din privata nyckel (ytterligare en anledning att hÃ¥lla din privata nyckel +i sÃ¤kert fÃ¶rvar).

Du kan signera meddelanden till vem som helst, sÃ¥ det Ã¤r ett utmÃ¤rkt +sÃ¤tt att gÃ¶ra mÃ¤nniskor medvetna om att du anvÃ¤nder GnuPG och att de +kan kommunicera sÃ¤kert med dig. Om de inte har GnuPG, kan de lÃ¤sa ditt +meddelande och se din signatur. Om de har GnuPG, sÃ¥ kommer de ocksÃ¥ att +kunna verifiera att din signatur Ã¤r Ã¤kta.

+ +

FÃ¶r att signera ett meddelande till Edward, komponera nÃ¥got meddelande +till honom och klicka pÃ¥ penn-ikonen bredvid lÃ¥s-ikonen sÃ¥ att den blir +guldfÃ¤rgad. Om du signerar ett meddelande, kan det hÃ¤nda att GnuPG ber om +ditt lÃ¶senord innan det skickar meddelandet, fÃ¶r det behÃ¶ver din privata +nyckel fÃ¶r signering.

+ +

Med lÃ¥s och penn-ikonen kan du vÃ¤lja huruvida varje meddelande ska +krypteras, signeras, bÃ¥de och, eller inget.

+ + + +

+ +

Steg 3.e ErhÃ¥ll en respons

+ +

NÃ¤r Edward fÃ¥r ditt meddelande anvÃ¤nder han din publika nyckel, +(som du skickade till honom i Steg 3.A) fÃ¶r att +verifiera att din signatur Ã¤r Ã¤kta och att meddelandet du har skickat inte +har modifierats.

+ +

Det kanske tar tvÃ¥ eller tre minuter fÃ¶r Edward att +svara. Medan du vÃ¤ntar kanske du vill hoppa i fÃ¶rvÃ¤g och kolla steget AnvÃ¤nd vÃ¤l i denna guide.

+ +

Edwards svar kommer att vara krypterat, fÃ¶r han fÃ¶redrar att anvÃ¤nda +kryptering nÃ¤rhelst mÃ¶jligt. Om allt gÃ¥r som planerat, borde det sÃ¤ga +"Jag lyckades verifiera din kryptografiska signatur." Om ditt signerade +testmeddelande ocksÃ¥ var krypterat, kommer han att nÃ¤mna det fÃ¶rst.

+ +

+ + + +

+ + +

+ +

#4 LÃ¤r om NÃ¤tet av FÃ¶rtroende

+ +

Kryptering av e-post Ã¤r en kraftfull teknologi, men det har en svaghet; det +fÃ¶rutsÃ¤tter ett sÃ¤tt att verifiera att personers publika nycklar faktiskt +Ã¤r deras. Annars skulle det inte finnas nÃ¥got som hindrar en angripare +frÃ¥n att ordna en e-postadress med din vÃ¤ns namn, ihop med ett nyckelpar, +och sen utge sig fÃ¶r att vara din vÃ¤n. Det Ã¤r dÃ¤rfÃ¶r programmerarna av +fri programvara som utvecklade e-postkryptering arrangerade nyckelsignering +och NÃ¤tet av FÃ¶rtroende (Web of Trust).

+ +

NÃ¤r du signerar nÃ¥gons nyckel sÃ¤ger du offentligt att du har verifierat +att den tillhÃ¶r personen i frÃ¥ga och ingen annan.

+ +

Signering av nycklar och signering av e-post anvÃ¤nder samma typ av +matematisk operation, men de har vÃ¤ldigt olika innebÃ¶rd. Det Ã¤r en bra vana +att signera dina meddelanden i allmÃ¤nhet, men om du ofÃ¶rsiktigt signerar +nÃ¥gons nyckel, kan du av misstag bekrÃ¤fta identiteten hos en bedragare.

+ +

MÃ¤nniskor som anvÃ¤nder din publika nyckel kan se vem som har signerat +den. NÃ¤r du har anvÃ¤nt GnuPG en lÃ¥ng tid, kanske du har hundratals +signaturer. Du kan anse att en nyckel Ã¤r mer trovÃ¤rdig om den har mÃ¥nga +signaturer frÃ¥n personer som du litar pÃ¥. NÃ¤tet av FÃ¶rtroende Ã¤r en +konstellation av GnuPG-anvÃ¤ndare, kopplade till varandra med lÃ¤nkar av +fÃ¶rtroende, uttryckt via signaturer.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Steg 4.a Signera en nyckel

+ +

I ditt e-postprograms meny, gÃ¥ till Enigmail → OpenPGP +nyckelhantering.

+ +

HÃ¶gerklicka pÃ¥ Edwards publika nyckel och vÃ¤lj Signera nyckel frÃ¥n +listan.

+ +

I fÃ¶nstret som poppar upp, vÃ¤lj "Jag kommer inte att svara" ock klicka +pÃ¥ ok.

+ +

Nu borde du vara tillbaka i menyn fÃ¶r OpenPGP nyckelhantering. VÃ¤lj +Nyckelserver → Ladda upp publika nycklar och klicka pÃ¥ ok.

+ +

Du har just i praktiken sagt att "Jag litar pÃ¥ att Edwards +publika nyckel faktiskt tillhÃ¶r Edward." Det hÃ¤r betyder ingenting fÃ¶r +Edward Ã¤r inte en riktig person, men det Ã¤r bra trÃ¤ning.

+ + +

+ +

Identifiering av nycklar: Fingeravtryck och ID:n

+ +

Personers publika nycklar Ã¤r vanligtvis identifierade med deras +nyckel-fingeravtryck (key fingerprint), vilket Ã¤r en strÃ¤ng av tecken +som F357AA1A5B1FA42CFD9FE52A9FF2194CC09A61E8 (fÃ¶r Edwards nyckel). Du +kan se fingeravtrycket fÃ¶r din publika nyckel och andra publika nycklar +som Ã¤r sparade pÃ¥ din dator, genom att gÃ¥ till Enigmail → OpenPGP +nyckelhantering i ditt e-postprograms meny. HÃ¶gerklicka sen pÃ¥ nyckeln och +vÃ¤lj Nyckelegenskaper. Det Ã¤r en god vana att dela ditt fingeravtryck nÃ¤r +du delar din e-postadress, sÃ¥ att mÃ¤nniskor kan dubbelkolla att de har +den korrekta publika nyckeln nÃ¤r de laddar ned din frÃ¥n en nyckelserver.

+ +

Du kan ocksÃ¥ se publika nycklar refererade till med +deras nyckel-ID:n, vilket helt enkelt Ã¤r de sista Ã¥tta tecknen i dess +fingeravtryck, som C09A61E8 fÃ¶r Edward. Nyckel-ID:t Ã¤r synbart direkt i +fÃ¶nstret fÃ¶r OpenPGP nyckelhantering. Det hÃ¤r ID:t Ã¤r som mÃ¤nniskors +fÃ¶rnamn (det Ã¤r anvÃ¤ndbart som tilltal men Ã¤r kanske inte unikt fÃ¶r en +given nyckel), medan fingeravtrycket verkligen identifierar nyckeln unikt, +utan risk fÃ¶r fÃ¶rvÃ¤xling. Om du bara har nyckel-ID:t, kan du fortfarande +kolla upp nyckeln (liksom dess fingeravtryck), som du gjorde i steg 3, men +om flera alternativ dyker upp, behÃ¶ver du fÃ¥ verifierat av personen som +du ska kommunicera med vilken du ska anvÃ¤nda.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Viktigt: Att tÃ¤nka pÃ¥ nÃ¤r man signerar nycklar

+ +

Innan du signerar nÃ¥gons nyckel behÃ¶ver du vara konfident om att den +verkligen tillhÃ¶r den personen, och att personen verkligen Ã¤r den som +den utger sig fÃ¶r att vara. Det ideala Ã¤r om konfidensen kommer frÃ¥n +interaktion och konversation med personen Ã¶ver tid och observation av +interaktion mellan personen och andra. NÃ¤r du signerar en nyckel, be om +att fÃ¥ se hela fingeravtrycket, inte bara det kortare nyckel-ID:t. Om du +kÃ¤nner att det Ã¤r viktigt att signera en nyckel Ã¥t nÃ¥gon som du just +har trÃ¤ffat, be om att fÃ¥ se personens kÃ¶rkort eller motsvarande ID, och +sÃ¤kerstÃ¤ll att namnet pÃ¥ ID-handlingen motsvarar namnet pÃ¥ den publika +nyckeln. I Enigmail, svara Ã¤rligt i fÃ¶nstret som poppar upp och frÃ¥gar +"Hur noga har du kontrollerat att nyckeln som du ska signera verkligen +tillhÃ¶r den person som nÃ¤mns ovan?"

+ + +

+ +

Avancerat

+ +

BemÃ¤stra NÃ¤tet av FÃ¶rtroende: Olyckligtvis sprids inte fÃ¶rtroende mellan anvÃ¤ndare pÃ¥ det sÃ¤tt mÃ¥nga +tror. Ett av de bÃ¤sta sÃ¤tten att +fÃ¶rstÃ¤rka GnuPG-gemenskapen Ã¤r djupare fÃ¶rstÃ¥else fÃ¶r +NÃ¤tet av FÃ¶rtroende och att noggrant signera sÃ¥ mÃ¥nga personers nycklar +som omstÃ¤ndigheterna tillÃ¥ter.
Tilldela Ã¤garfÃ¶rtroende (ownertrust): Om du litar pÃ¥ nÃ¥gon tillrÃ¤ckligt fÃ¶r att validera andras nycklar, +kan du tilldela personen en nivÃ¥ av Ã¤garfÃ¶rtroende genom Enigmails fÃ¶nster +OpenPGP nyckelhantering. HÃ¶gerklicka pÃ¥ personens publika nyckel och gÃ¥ +till menyvalet "StÃ¤ll in Ã¤garfÃ¶rtroende", vÃ¤lj nivÃ¥ av fÃ¶rtroende +och klicka pÃ¥ OK. GÃ¶r bara det hÃ¤r nÃ¤r du kÃ¤nner att du har en djup +fÃ¶rstÃ¥else fÃ¶r NÃ¤tet av FÃ¶rtroende.

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#5 AnvÃ¤nd vÃ¤l

+ +

Alla anvÃ¤nder GnuPG lite olika, men det Ã¤r viktigt att fÃ¶lja nÃ¥gra +grundlÃ¤ggande principer fÃ¶r att hÃ¥lla dina meddelanden sÃ¤kra. Om de inte +fÃ¶ljs, riskerar du bÃ¥de integriteten hos de som du kommunicerar med och +din egen, plus skadar NÃ¤tet av FÃ¶rtroende.

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+ +

NÃ¤r borde jag kryptera? NÃ¤r borde jag signera?

+ +

Ju mer du krypterar dina meddelanden, desto bÃ¤ttre. Om du bara krypterar +meddelanden dÃ¥ och dÃ¥ kan varje krypterat meddelande trigga en rÃ¶d flagga +hos Ã¶vervakningssystem. Om alla eller de flesta av dina meddelanden Ã¤r +krypterade sÃ¥ kommer personer som sysslar med Ã¶vervakning inte veta var +de ska bÃ¶rja. Men det betyder inte att bara kryptera nÃ¥gra meddelanden +inte hjÃ¤lper -- det Ã¤r en utmÃ¤rkt bÃ¶rjan, och det gÃ¶r massÃ¶vervakning +svÃ¥rare.

+ +

SÃ¥vida du inte vill avslÃ¶ja din egen identitet (vilket krÃ¤ver +andra skyddsÃ¥tgÃ¤rder), sÃ¥ finns det ingen anledning att inte signera +varje meddelande, vare sig du krypterar eller inte. Signering Ã¤r ett +icke pÃ¥trÃ¤ngande sÃ¤tt att pÃ¥minna alla om att du anvÃ¤nder GnuPG och +visa stÃ¶d fÃ¶r sÃ¤ker kommunikation. Om du ofta skickar meddelanden till +personer som inte kÃ¤nner till GnuPG, kan det vara hjÃ¤lpsamt att inkludera +en lÃ¤nk till denna guide i din standardsignatur (den i textform, inte den +kryptografiska formen).

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+ + +

+ +

Var uppmÃ¤rksam pÃ¥ ogiltiga nycklar

+ +

GnuPG gÃ¶r e-post sÃ¤krare, men det Ã¤r viktigt att vara uppmÃ¤rksam +pÃ¥ ogiltiga nycklar, vilka kan ha hamnat i orÃ¤tta hÃ¤nder. Meddelanden +krypterade med ogiltiga nycklar kan vara lÃ¤sbara av Ã¶vervakningsprogram.

+ +

I ditt e-postprogram, gÃ¥ tillbaka till det fÃ¶rsta krypterade meddelandet +som Edward skickade till dig. Eftersom Edward krypterade det med din publika +nyckel, kommer det ha ett meddelande frÃ¥n Enigmail i toppen, som troligtvis +sÃ¤ger "Enigmail: Part of this message encrypted."

+ +

NÃ¤r du anvÃ¤nder GnuPG, gÃ¶r det till en vana att Ã¶verblicka den +raden. Programmet kommer att varna dig om du fÃ¥r ett meddelande krypterat +med en nyckel som inte kan betros.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Kopiera ditt certifikat fÃ¶r annullering till en sÃ¤ker plats

+ +

Minns du nÃ¤r du upprÃ¤ttade dina nycklar och sparade ett certifikat fÃ¶r +annullering som GnuPG skapade? Det Ã¤r dags att kopiera det certifikatet +till den mest sÃ¤kra digitala lagringsplats du har -- den ideala platsen Ã¤r +en flash-enhet eller hÃ¥rddisk pÃ¥ en sÃ¤ker plats i ditt hem, inte pÃ¥ en +enhet som du brukar bÃ¤ra med dig.

+ +

Om din privata nyckel nÃ¥gonsin gÃ¥r fÃ¶rlorad eller blir stulen, +behÃ¶ver du certifikatfilen fÃ¶r att lÃ¥ta mÃ¤nniskor veta att du inte +lÃ¤ngre anvÃ¤nder det nyckelparet.

+ +

+ + +

+ +

Viktigt: agera snabbt om nÃ¥gon fÃ¥r tag pÃ¥ din privata +nyckel

+ +

Om du fÃ¶rlorar din privata nyckel eller om nÃ¥gon kommer Ã¶ver den +(sÃ¤g, genom att stjÃ¤la eller knÃ¤cka din dator), Ã¤r det viktigt att +Ã¥terkalla den innan nÃ¥gon annan anvÃ¤nder den fÃ¶r att lÃ¤sa dina +krypterade meddelanden eller forcera din signatur. Den hÃ¤r guiden +tÃ¤cker inte hur man Ã¥terkallar en nyckel, men du kan fÃ¶lja dessa instruktioner. +NÃ¤r du Ã¤r klar med Ã¥terkallningen, upprÃ¤tta en ny nyckel och skicka ett +meddelande till alla du brukar anvÃ¤nda din nyckel med, fÃ¶r att sÃ¤kerstÃ¤lla +att de vet, och inkludera en kopia av din nya publika nyckel.

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+ +

Webbmejl och GnuPG

+ +

NÃ¤r du anvÃ¤nder en webblÃ¤sare fÃ¶r att komma Ã¥t dina meddelanden, +anvÃ¤nder du webbmejl, ett program sparat pÃ¥ en avlÃ¤gsen webbplats. Till +skillnad frÃ¥n webbmejl sÃ¥ kÃ¶rs ditt stationÃ¤ra e-postprogram pÃ¥ din egen +dator. Trots att webbmejl inte kan dekryptera krypterade meddelanden, sÃ¥ +kommer det fortfarande visa det i sin krypterade form. Om du huvudsakligen +anvÃ¤nder webbmejl, vet du att du mÃ¥ste Ã¶ppna din e-postklient nÃ¤r du +fÃ¥r ett fÃ¶rvrÃ¤ngt meddelande.

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Great job! Check out the next steps.

Bra jobbat! Kolla de kommande stegen.

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