# CiviCRM 4.7.16 Released February 8, 2017 - **[Features](#features)** - **[Bugs resolved](#bugs)** - **[Miscellany](#misc)** - **[Credits](#credits)** ## Features ### Core CiviCRM - **[CRM-19925](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19925) Add metadata to fields array with entity info & date format info ([9727](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9727))** The data access objects (DAO) now include additional information for each field, including the table name, entity, and business access object (BAO). - **[CRM-19829](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19829) Activity feed ([9714](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9714), [9649](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9649), and [9624](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9624)) (Preliminary work)** The Attachment API now includes the appropriate icon class name from Font Awesome, a `CRM.cache` object in Javascript is available to set and retrieve information from `window.localStorage`, and a new Angular utility `crmThrottle` prevents a function from running concurrently if called several times in rapid succession. - **[CRM-19893](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19893) Activity Type Categories ([9696](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9696)) (Preliminary work)** The option value form now displays the option's grouping if available. - **[CRM-19831](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19831) Function `CRM_Contact_BAO_Group::getGroupsHierarchy` performes bad with 3000 groups ([9673](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9673) and [9633](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9633))** Group listing performance is improved on sites with many groups. - **[CRM-19256](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19256) Add a hook to dynamically escalate permissions ([8916](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/8916))** A new `hook_civicrm_permission_check` is invoked whenever a user's permissions are evaluated. (See [hook documentation](https://wiki.civicrm.org/confluence/display/CRMDOC/hook_civicrm_permission_check) for details and examples.) - **[CRM-19853](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19853) Change interval select controls in Scheduled Reminders with number controls ([9664](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9664))** A few drop-down fields in the Scheduled Reminders interface that were simply picking integers have been replaced with regular text fields. - **[CRM-19769](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19769) Colors for tags and [CRM-19779](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19779) Colors for activity statuses ([9660](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9660), [9600](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9600), and [9554](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9554))** You can choose colors for tags and activity statuses for better visibility. - **[CRM-19770](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19770) Favorite (starred) activities ([9629](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9629))** You can now mark favorite activities with stars. - **[CRM-19723](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19723) Icons for activity types ([9707](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9707), [9553](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9553), [9528](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9528), and [9706](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9706)** A user can now choose icons for activity types. - **[CRM-19816](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19816) Improve activity search filters ([9609](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9609)) (Preliminary work)** The `Activity.get` API is improved for filtering by related contact, case, and tag. - **[CRM-19447](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19447) Improve Activity Subject/Details text search to be similiar to Notes Subject/Body ([9536](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9536))** Activity search now has a single "Activity Text" field for finding text in the activity subject, details, or both. - **[CRM-19883](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19883) Activity Priority Field is Not Included in Advanced Search or Activity Reports ([9687](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9687))** The priority field is now available in search and activity reports. - **[CRM-19810](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19810) Api3 - Add joins on optionValue table ([9593](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9593))** Foreign keys to option values can now be used for joins in the API despite the fact that they aren't true foreign keys. - **[CRM-19839](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19839) Declare class used on developer tab of CiviCRM reports ([9646](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9646))** When viewing the Developer tab on a report, you can now see the report class in use. - **[CRM-19812](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19812) Display related contact names in activity.get api ([9599](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9599))** Activity assignees and targets are now available as return options in the `Activity.get` API. ### CiviCase - **[CRM-19806](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19806) CiviCase using two formlinks when it only needs one ([9586](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9586))** CiviCase now behaves like the rest of CiviCRM when creating action links in a listing of cases. - **[CRM-19778](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19778) Allowed statuses per case-type ([9705](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9705))** Case types can be configured to restrict the available case statuses. ### CiviContribute - **[CRM-8526](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-8526) Support [contribution.custom_nn] tokens in templates ([9661](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9661))** You can now insert tokens for contribution custom fields. - **[CRM-16189](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-16189) Improve support for Accrual Method bookkeeping ([8870](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/8870)) (Completes previous work)** A "Record Payment" button is now available on contributions. ### CiviEvent - **Add select2 class to loc_event_id ([9603](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9603))** The field for re-using the location of another event now uses a `select2` widget. ### CiviMail - **[CRM-19690](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19690) Allow alternative email templating systems ([9689](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9689), [9566](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9566), [9619](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9619), [9565](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9565), [9564](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9564), [9563](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9563), and [9562](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9562))** Extensions can now specify mailing template types with template options. These types can be associated with different template editors, such as [Mosaico](https://github.com/veda-consulting/uk.co.vedaconsulting.mosaico). The way tokens are presented and evaluated in CiviMail is also streamlined. This also passes mail delivery to the FlexMailer extension when it is enabled. ### Drupal Integration Modules - **[CRM-17917](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-17917) Add support for Drupal 8 ([388](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-drupal/pull/388)) (Continues previous work)** Several small improvements were made, making it easier to install CiviCRM on Drupal 8 using [Buildkit](https://buildkit.civicrm.org/). ## Bugs resolved ### Core CiviCRM - **[CRM-19874](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19874) Allow overriding sort in the getlist API without clobbering pager ([9675](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9675))** The default pager parameters are no longer ignored when other `options` are set in a `getlist` API. - **[CRM-19783](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19783) Accessibility Error - CiviCRM Subscription Page ([9606](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9606))** - **Remove unused var, comments & clean up & refactor caching function ([9721](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9721))** - **[CRM-19906](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19906) Allow Drupal user names with "@" ([9708](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9708))** - **[CRM-19003](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19003) Profile listing doesn't produce expected results when range-searching custom date field ([9699](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9699))** - **[CRM-19801](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19801) changing the same relationship type of a relationship from A to B or vice versa does not work ([9579](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9579))** - **[CRM-19842](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19842) Can't delete a dedupe rule ([9698](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9698))** - **typo fix in New Tag Form. ([9700](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9700))** - **CRM_Extension_Browser - Allow different cache files for different feeds ([9693](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9693))** - **[CRM-17663](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-17663) Dashlet code improvements ([9672](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9672)) (Completes previous work)** An upgrade step now fixes dashlets named `NULL`. - **Fire hook_civicrm_emailProcessor('activity') if Activity,create successful ([9651](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9651))** - **Civi\API\ExternalBatch - Verify that $_ENV is working ([9595](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9595))** - **[CRM-19847](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19847) batch merge redirects users to snippet URL ([9653](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9653))** - **(NFC) Civi/*, CRM_Utils_SQL_Select - Fix various warnings ([9657](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9657))** - **[CRM-19824](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19824) Event listeners are missing if container cache is disabled ([9617](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9617))** - **[CRM-19826](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19826) Extensions in "vendor" folder have errant slash ([9618](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9618))** - **[CRM-19706](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19706) Smart Group criteria (Activity Status) are not being retained when using 'Edit Smart Group criteria' ([9620](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9620))** - **[CRM-19624](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19624) Exclude / Include by privacy radio buttons gets reset on Smartgroup re-editing ([9597](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9597))** - **[CRM-19805](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19805) Comparing instead of Assigning ([9591](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9591))** This fixes three typos in the codebase where `==` was used instead of `=`. - **[CRM-19244](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19244) Custom fields with option group not importing ([8906](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/8906))** - **OptionValue Api cleanup - remove unnecessary lookup ([9569](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9569))** - **[CRM-18472](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-18472) Notice fixes ([9558](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9558)) (Completes previous work)** Avoids a PHP notice on deleting soft credits. - **Upgrade cleanup - use addColumn utility instead of sql ([9548](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9548))** - **API Explorer: Minor usability improvements ([9539](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9539))** - **[CRM-19832](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19832) hook_civicrm_searchTasks get invoked twice for some entities ([9637](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9637))** - **[CRM-19875](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19875) Search builder: Fatal error when searching custom field of type "country" ([9695](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9695))** - **[CRM-19811](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19811) Slow queries due to use of LOWER() in mysql searches, fix contribution search, current employer. Comment elsewhere ([9596](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9596))** - **[CRM-19884](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19884) DB Error on Activity Details Report ([9681](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9681))** - **[CRM-19509](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19509) Add character set and collation to create table statements in reports ([9411](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9411))** - **[CRM-19807](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19807) MySQL error when adding contacts on a report to a group ([9594](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9594))** - **[CRM-18591](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-18591) group_type parameter ignored when using API to create group ([9578](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9578)) (Completes previous work)** This improves the handling of checkboxes on the group edit form. ### Accounting - **[CRM-19800](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19800) Incorrect Amount recorded in civicrm_financial_trxn table ([9577](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9577))** This fixes problems when money amounts were entered with a thousands delimiter. - **[CRM-19585](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19585) Sales tax issue ([9598](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9598), [9576](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9576), [9590](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9590), and [9574](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9574)) (Preliminary work)** A variety of problems have been partially fixed. - **[CRM-19804](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19804) Pre() and Post() hook for Financial Account ([9584](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9584))** ### CiviCase - **[CRM-19890](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19890) Case Manager listed in cases tab is not up to date ([9691](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9691))** - **[CRM-19754](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19754) CiviCase role relationships reversed ([9560](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9560))** - **[CRM-19897](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19897) Cannot edit multiple case activities via profile, because deprecated "access CiviCase" permission is referenced ([9703](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9703))** - **Docs fix: update for changed URL of Case Management > Setup page. ([9701](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9701))** ### CiviContribute - **[CRM-19172](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19172) on behalf form + user account creation attempts to create user for org ([9669](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9669))** - **[CRM-19863](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19863) 'item_name' unnecessarily truncated when passed to PayPal ([9677](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9677))** - **[CRM-19725](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19725) Honoree should never be same as donor ([9503](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9503))** - **[CRM-19761](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19761) contribution thank you letter generator: unable to export to docx ([9575](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9575) and [9568](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9568))** - **[CRM-19799](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19799) LineItems incorrect at both Contribution Level and Financial Accounts Level ([9580](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9580))** - **[CRM-19802](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19802) Contribution page : missing translation ([9581](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9581))** - **[CRM-19777](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19777) Edit contribution : wrong decimal separator on total_amount ([9556](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9556))** - **[CRM-19795](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19795) Contribution page confirmation screen undefined index pay_later_receipt ([9632](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9632))** - **[CRM-19794](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19794) Wrong fields displayed when setting a price set for a contribution page ([9697](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9697))** ### CiviEvent - **[CRM-19860](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19860) Event participant batch update: respect "options per line" setting for radio buttons ([9667](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9667))** - **[CRM-19907](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19907) Syntax error generated on CiviEvent Dashboard when show_events is null ([9709](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9709))** - **[CRM-19789](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19789) Cannot create smart group from 'Find participants' ([9567](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9567))** - **[CRM-19782](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19782) "View" link on printed Participant Listing Report renders display name unreadable ([9546](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9546))** - **[CRM-19803](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19803) View Payment popup of a participant does not show refunds ([9634](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9634) and [9592](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9592))** - **[CRM-19288](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19288) VAT not included for additional participant fee when registering for events ([9545](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9545))** ### CiviMail - **[CRM-19413](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19413) CiviMail: Test mail notice errors: undefined index ([9550](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9550))** ### CiviMember - **[CRM-19895](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19895) membership renewal page style collapsed if email disabled ([9713](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9713))** - **[CRM-19936](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19936) Membership line items are duplicated when a membership is created or renewed with priceset containing multiple memberships ([9748](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9748)) (Preliminary work)** - **[CRM-19817](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19817) Notice error fails membership export ([9610](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9610))** Membership export with data from related contacts was causing PHP notices or complete failure, depending upon the CMS. - **Fix startdate for testMembershipJoinDateFixed ([9608](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9608))** ### Drupal Integration - **[CRM-19740](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19740) Regression in phone number Drupal views integration ([415](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-drupal/pull/415))** A problem has been fixed where the same phone number would show up for each of a contact's location/phone types in Views. - **CiviCRM Menu -- Add PathProcessor to allow parameters to routes to include slashes ([420](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-drupal/pull/420))** - **[CRM-19086](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19086) CiviCRM Core Installation fails on Drupal 8.1.x and [CRM-18297](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-18297) Drupal 8 Crash on Admin Config page ([419](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-drupal/pull/419))** ### Joomla Integration - **[CRM-19877](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19877) on Joomla api.Setting.create fails with "option,task not valid settings" ([9678](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9678))** ## Miscellany - **Comment fixes plus fix inconsistent unused return bool ([9722](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9722))** - **[nfc] Updated test generated examples ([9720](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9720))** - **[nfc] Comment fixes, remove one unused var, declare visibility ([9717](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9717))** - **[NFC] add comments & extract function in contribution search ([9716](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9716))** - **Comment Fixes ([9659](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9659))** - **Comments ([9658](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9658))** - **Add comment blocks ([9656](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9656))** - **allow descendant classes to access the cache array ([9605](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9605))** - **(NFC) CRM_*_Tokens - Reduce redundant docs ([9573](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9573))** - **tools/scripts/phpunit-ls - Fix PhpStorm lookup of PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase ([9535](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9535))** - **[CRM-19768](https://issues.civicrm.org/jira/browse/CRM-19768) CRM_Utils_Token::replace*Tokens() usage is inconsistent ([9541](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9541)) (Preliminary work)** - **Convert drupal to Backdrop and change variable_get/set to state_get/set ([21](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-backdrop/pull/21))** - **fix header ([9607](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9607))** - **fix headers ([421](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-drupal/pull/421))** - **fix headers ([109](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-wordpress/pull/109))** - **fix headers ([42](https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-joomla/pull/42))** ## Credits This release was developed by the following code authors: AGH Strategies - Alice Frumin, Andrew Hunt; ATD Fourth World - Véronique Gratioulet; Agileware - Agileware Team; Aidan Saunders; AppChecker; Australian reens - Seamus Lee; CiviCRM - Coleman Watts, Jitendra Purohit, Tim Otten, Monish Deb, Yashodha Chaku; CiviCoop - Jaap Jansma; CiviDesk - Nicolas Ganivet; Community Builders - Dejan Lukic; CompuCorp - Omar Abu Hussein; Coop SymbioTIC - Mathieu Lutfy; Erich Schulz; Freeform Solutions - Herb van den Dool; Fuzion - Chris Burgess, Eileen McNaughton; Ginkgo Street Labs - Frank Gómez; JMA Consulting - Edsel Lopez, Jon Goldberg, Pradeep Nayak; John Kingsnorth; Joinery - Allen Shaw; Klaas Eikelboom; Klangsoft - David Reedy Jr; Lighthouse Design and Consulting - Brian Shaughnessy; Marc Brazeau; Progressive Technology Project - Jamie McClelland; Skvare - Mark Hanna; Wikimedia Foundation - Eileen McNaughton Most authors also reviewed code for this release; in addition, the following reviewers contributed their comments: AGH Strategies - Tommy Bobo; Christian Wach; Circle Interactive - Dave Jenkins; CiviCRM - Donald Lobo, Rohan Katkar; Community IT Academy - William Mortada; CompuCorp - Madura Krishnamoorthy, Mike Kondrashin; Denver DataMan - Steve Kessler; Digitalcourage - Detlev Sieber; Fedor Khodkov; Forest CRM Consulting - Tamar Meir; Fuzion - Peter Davis; Ginkgo Street Labs - Frank Gómez; Glick Software - David Glick; iXiam - Vangelis Pantazis; JMA Consulting - Joe Murray; Kacper Warda; Ken West; Korlon - Stuart Gaston; Naomi Rosenberg; Noah Miller; Oxfam Germany - Thomas Schüttler; Richard van Oosterhout; Robert Lang; Semper IT - Karin Gerritsen; Tadpole Collective - Kevin Cristiano; University of Hawaii at Manoa - Center on Disability Studies - William Rems; Vakees K; Valéry Gouleau