CRM/Utils/String.php

   1 <?php
   2 /*
   3  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
   4  | CiviCRM version 4.7                                                |
   5  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
   6  | Copyright CiviCRM LLC (c) 2004-2017                                |
   7  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
   8  | This file is a part of CiviCRM.                                    |
   9  |                                                                    |
  10  | CiviCRM is free software; you can copy, modify, and distribute it  |
  11  | under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License           |
  12  | Version 3, 19 November 2007 and the CiviCRM Licensing Exception.   |
  13  |                                                                    |
  14  | CiviCRM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but     |
  15  | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of         |
  16  | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.               |
  17  | See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details.        |
  18  |                                                                    |
  19  | You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public   |
  20  | License and the CiviCRM Licensing Exception along                  |
  21  | with this program; if not, contact CiviCRM LLC                     |
  22  | at info[AT]civicrm[DOT]org. If you have questions about the        |
  23  | GNU Affero General Public License or the licensing of CiviCRM,     |
  24  | see the CiviCRM license FAQ at http://civicrm.org/licensing        |
  25  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
  26  */
  27
  28 /**
  29  *
  30  * @package CRM
  31  * @copyright CiviCRM LLC (c) 2004-2017
  32  */
  33
  34 require_once 'HTML/QuickForm/Rule/Email.php';
  35
  36 /**
  37  * This class contains string functions.
  38  */
  39 class CRM_Utils_String {
  40   const COMMA = ",", SEMICOLON = ";", SPACE = " ", TAB = "\t", LINEFEED = "\n", CARRIAGELINE = "\r\n", LINECARRIAGE = "\n\r", CARRIAGERETURN = "\r";
  41
  42   /**
  43    * List of all letters and numbers
  44    */
  45   const ALPHANUMERIC = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890';
  46
  47   /**
  48    * Convert a display name into a potential variable name.
  49    *
  50    * @param $title title of the string
  51    * @param int $maxLength
  52    *
  53    * @return string
  54    *   An equivalent variable name.
  55    */
  56   public static function titleToVar($title, $maxLength = 31) {
  57     $variable = self::munge($title, '_', $maxLength);
  58
  59     if (CRM_Utils_Rule::title($variable, $maxLength)) {
  60       return $variable;
  61     }
  62
  63     // if longer than the maxLength lets just return a substr of the
  64     // md5 to prevent errors downstream
  65     return substr(md5($title), 0, $maxLength);
  66   }
  67
  68   /**
  69    * Replace all non alpha numeric characters and spaces with the replacement character.
  70    *
  71    * @param string $name
  72    *   The name to be worked on.
  73    * @param string $char
  74    *   The character to use for non-valid chars.
  75    * @param int $len
  76    *   Length of valid variables.
  77    *
  78    * @return string
  79    *   returns the manipulated string
  80    */
  81   public static function munge($name, $char = '_', $len = 63) {
  82     // Replace all white space and non-alpha numeric with $char
  83     // we only use the ascii character set since mysql does not create table names / field names otherwise
  84     // CRM-11744
  85     $name = preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9]+/', $char, trim($name));
  86
  87     //If there are no ascii characters present.
  88     if ($name == $char) {
  89       $name = self::createRandom($len, self::ALPHANUMERIC);
  90     }
  91
  92     if ($len) {
  93       // lets keep variable names short
  94       return substr($name, 0, $len);
  95     }
  96     else {
  97       return $name;
  98     }
  99   }
 100
 101   /**
 102    * Convert possibly underscore separated words to camel case with special handling for 'UF'
 103    * e.g membership_payment returns MembershipPayment
 104    *
 105    * @param string $string
 106    *
 107    * @return string
 108    */
 109   public static function convertStringToCamel($string) {
 110     $map = array(
 111       'acl' => 'Acl',
 112       'ACL' => 'Acl',
 113       'im' => 'Im',
 114       'IM' => 'Im',
 115     );
 116     if (isset($map[$string])) {
 117       return $map[$string];
 118     }
 119
 120     $fragments = explode('_', $string);
 121     foreach ($fragments as & $fragment) {
 122       $fragment = ucfirst($fragment);
 123     }
 124     // Special case: UFGroup, UFJoin, UFMatch, UFField
 125     if ($fragments[0] === 'Uf') {
 126       $fragments[0] = 'UF';
 127     }
 128     return implode('', $fragments);
 129   }
 130
 131   /**
 132    * Takes a variable name and munges it randomly into another variable name.
 133    *
 134    * @param string $name
 135    *   Initial Variable Name.
 136    * @param int $len
 137    *   Length of valid variables.
 138    *
 139    * @return string
 140    *   Randomized Variable Name
 141    */
 142   public static function rename($name, $len = 4) {
 143     $rand = substr(uniqid(), 0, $len);
 144     return substr_replace($name, $rand, -$len, $len);
 145   }
 146
 147   /**
 148    * Takes a string and returns the last tuple of the string.
 149    *
 150    * Useful while converting file names to class names etc
 151    *
 152    * @param string $string
 153    *   The input string.
 154    * @param string $char
 155    *   Character used to demarcate the components
 156    *
 157    * @return string
 158    *   The last component
 159    */
 160   public static function getClassName($string, $char = '_') {
 161     $names = array();
 162     if (!is_array($string)) {
 163       $names = explode($char, $string);
 164     }
 165     if (!empty($names)) {
 166       return array_pop($names);
 167     }
 168   }
 169
 170   /**
 171    * Appends a name to a string and separated by delimiter.
 172    *
 173    * Does the right thing for an empty string
 174    *
 175    * @param string $str
 176    *   The string to be appended to.
 177    * @param string $delim
 178    *   The delimiter to use.
 179    * @param mixed $name
 180    *   The string (or array of strings) to append.
 181    */
 182   public static function append(&$str, $delim, $name) {
 183     if (empty($name)) {
 184       return;
 185     }
 186
 187     if (is_array($name)) {
 188       foreach ($name as $n) {
 189         if (empty($n)) {
 190           continue;
 191         }
 192         if (empty($str)) {
 193           $str = $n;
 194         }
 195         else {
 196           $str .= $delim . $n;
 197         }
 198       }
 199     }
 200     else {
 201       if (empty($str)) {
 202         $str = $name;
 203       }
 204       else {
 205         $str .= $delim . $name;
 206       }
 207     }
 208   }
 209
 210   /**
 211    * Determine if the string is composed only of ascii characters.
 212    *
 213    * @param string $str
 214    *   Input string.
 215    * @param bool $utf8
 216    *   Attempt utf8 match on failure (default yes).
 217    *
 218    * @return bool
 219    *   true if string is ascii
 220    */
 221   public static function isAscii($str, $utf8 = TRUE) {
 222     if (!function_exists('mb_detect_encoding')) {
 223       // eliminate all white space from the string
 224       $str = preg_replace('/\s+/', '', $str);
 225       // FIXME:  This is a pretty brutal hack to make utf8 and 8859-1 work.
 226
 227       // match low- or high-ascii characters
 228       if (preg_match('/[\x00-\x20]|[\x7F-\xFF]/', $str)) {
 229         // || // low ascii characters
 230         // high ascii characters
 231         //  preg_match( '/[\x7F-\xFF]/', $str ) ) {
 232         if ($utf8) {
 233           // if we did match, try for utf-8, or iso8859-1
 234
 235           return self::isUtf8($str);
 236         }
 237         else {
 238           return FALSE;
 239         }
 240       }
 241       return TRUE;
 242     }
 243     else {
 244       $order = array('ASCII');
 245       if ($utf8) {
 246         $order[] = 'UTF-8';
 247       }
 248       $enc = mb_detect_encoding($str, $order, TRUE);
 249       return ($enc == 'ASCII' || $enc == 'UTF-8');
 250     }
 251   }
 252
 253   /**
 254    * Determine the string replacements for redaction.
 255    * on the basis of the regular expressions
 256    *
 257    * @param string $str
 258    *   Input string.
 259    * @param array $regexRules
 260    *   Regular expression to be matched w/ replacements.
 261    *
 262    * @return array
 263    *   array of strings w/ corresponding redacted outputs
 264    */
 265   public static function regex($str, $regexRules) {
 266     // redact the regular expressions
 267     if (!empty($regexRules) && isset($str)) {
 268       static $matches, $totalMatches, $match = array();
 269       foreach ($regexRules as $pattern => $replacement) {
 270         preg_match_all($pattern, $str, $matches);
 271         if (!empty($matches[0])) {
 272           if (empty($totalMatches)) {
 273             $totalMatches = $matches[0];
 274           }
 275           else {
 276             $totalMatches = array_merge($totalMatches, $matches[0]);
 277           }
 278           $match = array_flip($totalMatches);
 279         }
 280       }
 281     }
 282
 283     if (!empty($match)) {
 284       foreach ($match as $matchKey => & $dontCare) {
 285         foreach ($regexRules as $pattern => $replacement) {
 286           if (preg_match($pattern, $matchKey)) {
 287             $dontCare = $replacement . substr(md5($matchKey), 0, 5);
 288             break;
 289           }
 290         }
 291       }
 292       return $match;
 293     }
 294     return CRM_Core_DAO::$_nullArray;
 295   }
 296
 297   /**
 298    * @param $str
 299    * @param $stringRules
 300    *
 301    * @return mixed
 302    */
 303   public static function redaction($str, $stringRules) {
 304     // redact the strings
 305     if (!empty($stringRules)) {
 306       foreach ($stringRules as $match => $replace) {
 307         $str = str_ireplace($match, $replace, $str);
 308       }
 309     }
 310
 311     // return the redacted output
 312     return $str;
 313   }
 314
 315   /**
 316    * Determine if a string is composed only of utf8 characters
 317    *
 318    * @param string $str
 319    *   Input string.
 320    *
 321    * @return bool
 322    */
 323   public static function isUtf8($str) {
 324     if (!function_exists(mb_detect_encoding)) {
 325       // eliminate all white space from the string
 326       $str = preg_replace('/\s+/', '', $str);
 327
 328       // pattern stolen from the php.net function documentation for
 329       // utf8decode();
 330       // comment by JF Sebastian, 30-Mar-2005
 331       return preg_match('/^([\x00-\x7f]|[\xc2-\xdf][\x80-\xbf]|\xe0[\xa0-\xbf][\x80-\xbf]|[\xe1-\xec][\x80-\xbf]{2}|\xed[\x80-\x9f][\x80-\xbf]|[\xee-\xef][\x80-\xbf]{2}|f0[\x90-\xbf][\x80-\xbf]{2}|[\xf1-\xf3][\x80-\xbf]{3}|\xf4[\x80-\x8f][\x80-\xbf]{2})*$/', $str);
 332       // ||
 333       // iconv('ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', $str);
 334     }
 335     else {
 336       $enc = mb_detect_encoding($str, array('UTF-8'), TRUE);
 337       return ($enc !== FALSE);
 338     }
 339   }
 340
 341   /**
 342    * Determine if two hrefs are equivalent (fuzzy match)
 343    *
 344    * @param string $url1
 345    *   The first url to be matched.
 346    * @param string $url2
 347    *   The second url to be matched against.
 348    *
 349    * @return bool
 350    *   true if the urls match, else false
 351    */
 352   public static function match($url1, $url2) {
 353     $url1 = strtolower($url1);
 354     $url2 = strtolower($url2);
 355
 356     $url1Str = parse_url($url1);
 357     $url2Str = parse_url($url2);
 358
 359     if ($url1Str['path'] == $url2Str['path'] &&
 360       self::extractURLVarValue(CRM_Utils_Array::value('query', $url1Str)) == self::extractURLVarValue(CRM_Utils_Array::value('query', $url2Str))
 361     ) {
 362       return TRUE;
 363     }
 364     return FALSE;
 365   }
 366
 367   /**
 368    * Extract the civicrm path from the url.
 369    *
 370    * @param string $query
 371    *   A url string.
 372    *
 373    * @return string|null
 374    *   civicrm url (eg: civicrm/contact/search)
 375    */
 376   public static function extractURLVarValue($query) {
 377     $config = CRM_Core_Config::singleton();
 378     $urlVar = $config->userFrameworkURLVar;
 379
 380     $params = explode('&', $query);
 381     foreach ($params as $p) {
 382       if (strpos($p, '=')) {
 383         list($k, $v) = explode('=', $p);
 384         if ($k == $urlVar) {
 385           return $v;
 386         }
 387       }
 388     }
 389     return NULL;
 390   }
 391
 392   /**
 393    * Translate a true/false/yes/no string to a 0 or 1 value
 394    *
 395    * @param string $str
 396    *   The string to be translated.
 397    *
 398    * @return bool
 399    */
 400   public static function strtobool($str) {
 401     if (!is_scalar($str)) {
 402       return FALSE;
 403     }
 404
 405     if (preg_match('/^(y(es)?|t(rue)?|1)$/i', $str)) {
 406       return TRUE;
 407     }
 408     return FALSE;
 409   }
 410
 411   /**
 412    * Returns string '1' for a true/yes/1 string, and '0' for no/false/0 else returns false
 413    *
 414    * @param string $str
 415    *   The string to be translated.
 416    *
 417    * @return bool
 418    */
 419   public static function strtoboolstr($str) {
 420     if (!is_scalar($str)) {
 421       return FALSE;
 422     }
 423
 424     if (preg_match('/^(y(es)?|t(rue)?|1)$/i', $str)) {
 425       return '1';
 426     }
 427     elseif (preg_match('/^(n(o)?|f(alse)?|0)$/i', $str)) {
 428       return '0';
 429     }
 430     else {
 431       return FALSE;
 432     }
 433   }
 434
 435   /**
 436    * Convert a HTML string into a text one using html2text
 437    *
 438    * @param string $html
 439    *   The string to be converted.
 440    *
 441    * @return string
 442    *   the converted string
 443    */
 444   public static function htmlToText($html) {
 445     require_once 'packages/html2text/rcube_html2text.php';
 446     $token_html = preg_replace('!\{([a-z_.]+)\}!i', 'token:{$1}', $html);
 447     $converter = new rcube_html2text($token_html);
 448     $token_text = $converter->get_text();
 449     $text = preg_replace('!token\:\{([a-z_.]+)\}!i', '{$1}', $token_text);
 450     return $text;
 451   }
 452
 453   /**
 454    * @param $string
 455    * @param array $params
 456    */
 457   public static function extractName($string, &$params) {
 458     $name = trim($string);
 459     if (empty($name)) {
 460       return;
 461     }
 462
 463     // strip out quotes
 464     $name = str_replace('"', '', $name);
 465     $name = str_replace('\'', '', $name);
 466
 467     // check for comma in name
 468     if (strpos($name, ',') !== FALSE) {
 469
 470       // name has a comma - assume lname, fname [mname]
 471       $names = explode(',', $name);
 472       if (count($names) > 1) {
 473         $params['last_name'] = trim($names[0]);
 474
 475         // check for space delim
 476         $fnames = explode(' ', trim($names[1]));
 477         if (count($fnames) > 1) {
 478           $params['first_name'] = trim($fnames[0]);
 479           $params['middle_name'] = trim($fnames[1]);
 480         }
 481         else {
 482           $params['first_name'] = trim($fnames[0]);
 483         }
 484       }
 485       else {
 486         $params['first_name'] = trim($names[0]);
 487       }
 488     }
 489     else {
 490       // name has no comma - assume fname [mname] fname
 491       $names = explode(' ', $name);
 492       if (count($names) == 1) {
 493         $params['first_name'] = $names[0];
 494       }
 495       elseif (count($names) == 2) {
 496         $params['first_name'] = $names[0];
 497         $params['last_name'] = $names[1];
 498       }
 499       else {
 500         $params['first_name'] = $names[0];
 501         $params['middle_name'] = $names[1];
 502         $params['last_name'] = $names[2];
 503       }
 504     }
 505   }
 506
 507   /**
 508    * @param $string
 509    *
 510    * @return array
 511    */
 512   public static function &makeArray($string) {
 513     $string = trim($string);
 514
 515     $values = explode("\n", $string);
 516     $result = array();
 517     foreach ($values as $value) {
 518       list($n, $v) = CRM_Utils_System::explode('=', $value, 2);
 519       if (!empty($v)) {
 520         $result[trim($n)] = trim($v);
 521       }
 522     }
 523     return $result;
 524   }
 525
 526   /**
 527    * Given an ezComponents-parsed representation of
 528    * a text with alternatives return only the first one
 529    *
 530    * @param string $full
 531    *   All alternatives as a long string (or some other text).
 532    *
 533    * @return string
 534    *   only the first alternative found (or the text without alternatives)
 535    */
 536   public static function stripAlternatives($full) {
 537     $matches = array();
 538     preg_match('/-ALTERNATIVE ITEM 0-(.*?)-ALTERNATIVE ITEM 1-.*-ALTERNATIVE END-/s', $full, $matches);
 539
 540     if (isset($matches[1]) &&
 541       trim(strip_tags($matches[1])) != ''
 542     ) {
 543       return $matches[1];
 544     }
 545     else {
 546       return $full;
 547     }
 548   }
 549
 550   /**
 551    * Strip leading, trailing, double spaces from string
 552    * used for postal/greeting/addressee
 553    *
 554    * @param string $string
 555    *   Input string to be cleaned.
 556    *
 557    * @return string
 558    *   the cleaned string
 559    */
 560   public static function stripSpaces($string) {
 561     return (empty($string)) ? $string : preg_replace("/\s{2,}/", " ", trim($string));
 562   }
 563
 564   /**
 565    * clean the URL 'path' variable that we use
 566    * to construct CiviCRM urls by removing characters from the path variable
 567    *
 568    * @param string $string
 569    *   The input string to be sanitized.
 570    * @param array $search
 571    *   The characters to be sanitized.
 572    * @param string $replace
 573    *   The character to replace it with.
 574    *
 575    * @return string
 576    *   the sanitized string
 577    */
 578   public static function stripPathChars(
 579     $string,
 580     $search = NULL,
 581     $replace = NULL
 582   ) {
 583     static $_searchChars = NULL;
 584     static $_replaceChar = NULL;
 585
 586     if (empty($string)) {
 587       return $string;
 588     }
 589
 590     if ($_searchChars == NULL) {
 591       $_searchChars = array(
 592         '&',
 593         ';',
 594         ',',
 595         '=',
 596         '$',
 597         '"',
 598         "'",
 599         '\\',
 600         '<',
 601         '>',
 602         '(',
 603         ')',
 604         ' ',
 605         "\r",
 606         "\r\n",
 607         "\n",
 608         "\t",
 609       );
 610       $_replaceChar = '_';
 611     }
 612
 613     if ($search == NULL) {
 614       $search = $_searchChars;
 615     }
 616
 617     if ($replace == NULL) {
 618       $replace = $_replaceChar;
 619     }
 620
 621     return str_replace($search, $replace, $string);
 622   }
 623
 624
 625   /**
 626    * Use HTMLPurifier to clean up a text string and remove any potential
 627    * xss attacks. This is primarily used in public facing pages which
 628    * accept html as the input string
 629    *
 630    * @param string $string
 631    *   The input string.
 632    *
 633    * @return string
 634    *   the cleaned up string
 635    */
 636   public static function purifyHTML($string) {
 637     static $_filter = NULL;
 638     if (!$_filter) {
 639       $config = HTMLPurifier_Config::createDefault();
 640       $config->set('Core.Encoding', 'UTF-8');
 641
 642       // Disable the cache entirely
 643       $config->set('Cache.DefinitionImpl', NULL);
 644
 645       $_filter = new HTMLPurifier($config);
 646     }
 647
 648     return $_filter->purify($string);
 649   }
 650
 651   /**
 652    * Truncate $string; if $string exceeds $maxLen, place "..." at the end
 653    *
 654    * @param string $string
 655    * @param int $maxLen
 656    *
 657    * @return string
 658    */
 659   public static function ellipsify($string, $maxLen) {
 660     $len = strlen($string);
 661     if ($len <= $maxLen) {
 662       return $string;
 663     }
 664     else {
 665       $end = $maxLen - 3;
 666       while (strlen($string) > $maxLen - 3) {
 667         $string = mb_substr($string, 0, $end, 'UTF-8');
 668         $end = $end - 1;
 669       }
 670       return $string . '...';
 671     }
 672   }
 673
 674   /**
 675    * Generate a random string.
 676    *
 677    * @param $len
 678    * @param $alphabet
 679    * @return string
 680    */
 681   public static function createRandom($len, $alphabet) {
 682     $alphabetSize = strlen($alphabet);
 683     $result = '';
 684     for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
 685       $result .= $alphabet{rand(1, $alphabetSize) - 1};
 686     }
 687     return $result;
 688   }
 689
 690   /**
 691    * Examples:
 692    * "admin foo" => array(NULL,"admin foo")
 693    * "cms:admin foo" => array("cms", "admin foo")
 694    *
 695    * @param $delim
 696    * @param string $string
 697    *   E.g. "view all contacts". Syntax: "[prefix:]name".
 698    * @param null $defaultPrefix
 699    *
 700    * @return array
 701    *   (0 => string|NULL $prefix, 1 => string $value)
 702    */
 703   public static function parsePrefix($delim, $string, $defaultPrefix = NULL) {
 704     $pos = strpos($string, $delim);
 705     if ($pos === FALSE) {
 706       return array($defaultPrefix, $string);
 707     }
 708     else {
 709       return array(substr($string, 0, $pos), substr($string, 1 + $pos));
 710     }
 711   }
 712
 713   /**
 714    * This function will mask part of the the user portion of an Email address (everything before the @)
 715    *
 716    * @param string $email
 717    *   The email address to be masked.
 718    * @param string $maskChar
 719    *   The character used for masking.
 720    * @param int $percent
 721    *   The percentage of the user portion to be masked.
 722    *
 723    * @return string
 724    *   returns the masked Email address
 725    */
 726   public static function maskEmail($email, $maskChar = '*', $percent = 50) {
 727     list($user, $domain) = preg_split("/@/", $email);
 728     $len = strlen($user);
 729     $maskCount = floor($len * $percent / 100);
 730     $offset = floor(($len - $maskCount) / 2);
 731
 732     $masked = substr($user, 0, $offset)
 733       . str_repeat($maskChar, $maskCount)
 734       . substr($user, $maskCount + $offset);
 735
 736     return ($masked . '@' . $domain);
 737   }
 738
 739   /**
 740    * This function compares two strings.
 741    *
 742    * @param string $strOne
 743    *   String one.
 744    * @param string $strTwo
 745    *   String two.
 746    * @param bool $case
 747    *   Boolean indicating whether you want the comparison to be case sensitive or not.
 748    *
 749    * @return bool
 750    *   TRUE (string are identical); FALSE (strings are not identical)
 751    */
 752   public static function compareStr($strOne, $strTwo, $case) {
 753     if ($case == TRUE) {
 754       // Convert to lowercase and trim white spaces
 755       if (strtolower(trim($strOne)) == strtolower(trim($strTwo))) {
 756         // yes - they are identical
 757         return TRUE;
 758       }
 759       else {
 760         // not identical
 761         return FALSE;
 762       }
 763     }
 764     if ($case == FALSE) {
 765       // Trim white spaces
 766       if (trim($strOne) == trim($strTwo)) {
 767         // yes - they are identical
 768         return TRUE;
 769       }
 770       else {
 771         // not identical
 772         return FALSE;
 773       }
 774     }
 775   }
 776
 777   /**
 778    * Many parts of the codebase have a convention of internally passing around
 779    * HTML-encoded URLs. This effectively means that "&" is replaced by "&amp;"
 780    * (because most other odd characters are %-escaped in URLs; and %-escaped
 781    * strings don't need any extra escaping in HTML).
 782    *
 783    * @param string $htmlUrl
 784    *   URL with HTML entities.
 785    * @return string
 786    *   URL without HTML entities
 787    */
 788   public static function unstupifyUrl($htmlUrl) {
 789     return str_replace('&amp;', '&', $htmlUrl);
 790   }
 791
 792   /**
 793    * Formats a string of attributes for insertion in an html tag.
 794    *
 795    * @param array $attributes
 796    *
 797    * @return string
 798    */
 799   public static function htmlAttributes($attributes) {
 800     $output = '';
 801     foreach ($attributes as $name => $vals) {
 802       $output .= " $name=\"" . htmlspecialchars(implode(' ', (array) $vals)) . '"';
 803     }
 804     return ltrim($output);
 805   }
 806
 807   /**
 808    * Determine if $string starts with $fragment.
 809    *
 810    * @param string $string
 811    *   The long string.
 812    * @param string $fragment
 813    *   The fragment to look for.
 814    * @return bool
 815    */
 816   public static function startsWith($string, $fragment) {
 817     if ($fragment === '') {
 818       return TRUE;
 819     }
 820     $len = strlen($fragment);
 821     return substr($string, 0, $len) === $fragment;
 822   }
 823
 824   /**
 825    * Determine if $string ends with $fragment.
 826    *
 827    * @param string $string
 828    *   The long string.
 829    * @param string $fragment
 830    *   The fragment to look for.
 831    * @return bool
 832    */
 833   public static function endsWith($string, $fragment) {
 834     if ($fragment === '') {
 835       return TRUE;
 836     }
 837     $len = strlen($fragment);
 838     return substr($string, -1 * $len) === $fragment;
 839   }
 840
 841   /**
 842    * @param string|array $patterns
 843    * @param array $allStrings
 844    * @param bool $allowNew
 845    *   Whether to return new, unrecognized names.
 846    * @return array
 847    */
 848   public static function filterByWildcards($patterns, $allStrings, $allowNew = FALSE) {
 849     $patterns = (array) $patterns;
 850     $result = array();
 851     foreach ($patterns as $pattern) {
 852       if (!\CRM_Utils_String::endsWith($pattern, '*')) {
 853         if ($allowNew || in_array($pattern, $allStrings)) {
 854           $result[] = $pattern;
 855         }
 856       }
 857       else {
 858         $prefix = rtrim($pattern, '*');
 859         foreach ($allStrings as $key) {
 860           if (\CRM_Utils_String::startsWith($key, $prefix)) {
 861             $result[] = $key;
 862           }
 863         }
 864       }
 865     }
 866     return array_values(array_unique($result));
 867   }
 868
 869 }