CRM/Utils/File.php

   1 <?php
   2 /*
   3  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
   4  | CiviCRM version 4.5                                                |
   5  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
   6  | Copyright CiviCRM LLC (c) 2004-2014                                |
   7  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
   8  | This file is a part of CiviCRM.                                    |
   9  |                                                                    |
  10  | CiviCRM is free software; you can copy, modify, and distribute it  |
  11  | under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License           |
  12  | Version 3, 19 November 2007 and the CiviCRM Licensing Exception.   |
  13  |                                                                    |
  14  | CiviCRM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but     |
  15  | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of         |
  16  | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.               |
  17  | See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details.        |
  18  |                                                                    |
  19  | You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public   |
  20  | License and the CiviCRM Licensing Exception along                  |
  21  | with this program; if not, contact CiviCRM LLC                     |
  22  | at info[AT]civicrm[DOT]org. If you have questions about the        |
  23  | GNU Affero General Public License or the licensing of CiviCRM,     |
  24  | see the CiviCRM license FAQ at http://civicrm.org/licensing        |
  25  +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
  26 */
  27
  28 /**
  29  *
  30  * @package CRM
  31  * @copyright CiviCRM LLC (c) 2004-2014
  32  * $Id: $
  33  *
  34  */
  35
  36 /**
  37  * class to provide simple static functions for file objects
  38  */
  39 class CRM_Utils_File {
  40
  41   /**
  42    * Given a file name, determine if the file contents make it an ascii file
  43    *
  44    * @param string $name name of file
  45    *
  46    * @return boolean     true if file is ascii
  47    * @access public
  48    */
  49   static function isAscii($name) {
  50     $fd = fopen($name, "r");
  51     if (!$fd) {
  52       return FALSE;
  53     }
  54
  55     $ascii = TRUE;
  56     while (!feof($fd)) {
  57       $line = fgets($fd, 8192);
  58       if (!CRM_Utils_String::isAscii($line)) {
  59         $ascii = FALSE;
  60         break;
  61       }
  62     }
  63
  64     fclose($fd);
  65     return $ascii;
  66   }
  67
  68   /**
  69    * Given a file name, determine if the file contents make it an html file
  70    *
  71    * @param string $name name of file
  72    *
  73    * @return boolean     true if file is html
  74    * @access public
  75    */
  76   static function isHtml($name) {
  77     $fd = fopen($name, "r");
  78     if (!$fd) {
  79       return FALSE;
  80     }
  81
  82     $html = FALSE;
  83     $lineCount = 0;
  84     while (!feof($fd) & $lineCount <= 5) {
  85       $lineCount++;
  86       $line = fgets($fd, 8192);
  87       if (!CRM_Utils_String::isHtml($line)) {
  88         $html = TRUE;
  89         break;
  90       }
  91     }
  92
  93     fclose($fd);
  94     return $html;
  95   }
  96
  97   /**
  98    * create a directory given a path name, creates parent directories
  99    * if needed
 100    *
 101    * @param string $path  the path name
 102    * @param boolean $abort should we abort or just return an invalid code
 103    *
 104    * @return void
 105    * @access public
 106    * @static
 107    */
 108   static function createDir($path, $abort = TRUE) {
 109     if (is_dir($path) || empty($path)) {
 110       return;
 111     }
 112
 113     CRM_Utils_File::createDir(dirname($path), $abort);
 114     if (@mkdir($path, 0777) == FALSE) {
 115       if ($abort) {
 116         $docLink = CRM_Utils_System::docURL2('Moving an Existing Installation to a New Server or Location', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, "wiki");
 117         echo "Error: Could not create directory: $path.<p>If you have moved an existing CiviCRM installation from one location or server to another there are several steps you will need to follow. They are detailed on this CiviCRM wiki page - {$docLink}. A fix for the specific problem that caused this error message to be displayed is to set the value of the config_backend column in the civicrm_domain table to NULL. However we strongly recommend that you review and follow all the steps in that document.</p>";
 118
 119         CRM_Utils_System::civiExit();
 120       }
 121       else {
 122         return FALSE;
 123       }
 124     }
 125     return TRUE;
 126   }
 127
 128   /**
 129    * delete a directory given a path name, delete children directories
 130    * and files if needed
 131    *
 132    * @param $target
 133    * @param bool $rmdir
 134    * @param bool $verbose
 135    *
 136    * @throws Exception
 137    * @internal param string $path the path name
 138    *
 139    * @return void
 140    * @access public
 141    * @static
 142    */
 143   static function cleanDir($target, $rmdir = TRUE, $verbose = TRUE) {
 144     static $exceptions = array('.', '..');
 145     if ($target == '' || $target == '/') {
 146       throw new Exception("Overly broad deletion");
 147     }
 148
 149     if ($sourcedir = @opendir($target)) {
 150       while (FALSE !== ($sibling = readdir($sourcedir))) {
 151         if (!in_array($sibling, $exceptions)) {
 152           $object = $target . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $sibling;
 153
 154           if (is_dir($object)) {
 155             CRM_Utils_File::cleanDir($object, $rmdir, $verbose);
 156           }
 157           elseif (is_file($object)) {
 158             if (!unlink($object)) {
 159               CRM_Core_Session::setStatus(ts('Unable to remove file %1', array(1 => $object)), ts('Warning'), 'error');
 160           }
 161         }
 162       }
 163       }
 164       closedir($sourcedir);
 165
 166       if ($rmdir) {
 167         if (rmdir($target)) {
 168           if ($verbose) {
 169             CRM_Core_Session::setStatus(ts('Removed directory %1', array(1 => $target)), '', 'success');
 170           }
 171           return TRUE;
 172       }
 173         else {
 174           CRM_Core_Session::setStatus(ts('Unable to remove directory %1', array(1 => $target)), ts('Warning'), 'error');
 175     }
 176   }
 177     }
 178   }
 179
 180   /**
 181    * @param $source
 182    * @param $destination
 183    */
 184   static function copyDir($source, $destination) {
 185     $dir = opendir($source);
 186     @mkdir($destination);
 187     while (FALSE !== ($file = readdir($dir))) {
 188       if (($file != '.') && ($file != '..')) {
 189         if (is_dir($source . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file)) {
 190           CRM_Utils_File::copyDir($source . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file, $destination . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file);
 191         }
 192         else {
 193           copy($source . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file, $destination . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file);
 194         }
 195       }
 196     }
 197     closedir($dir);
 198   }
 199
 200   /**
 201    * Given a file name, recode it (in place!) to UTF-8
 202    *
 203    * @param string $name name of file
 204    *
 205    * @return boolean  whether the file was recoded properly
 206    * @access public
 207    */
 208   static function toUtf8($name) {
 209     static $config = NULL;
 210     static $legacyEncoding = NULL;
 211     if ($config == NULL) {
 212       $config = CRM_Core_Config::singleton();
 213       $legacyEncoding = $config->legacyEncoding;
 214     }
 215
 216     if (!function_exists('iconv')) {
 217
 218       return FALSE;
 219
 220     }
 221
 222     $contents = file_get_contents($name);
 223     if ($contents === FALSE) {
 224       return FALSE;
 225     }
 226
 227     $contents = iconv($legacyEncoding, 'UTF-8', $contents);
 228     if ($contents === FALSE) {
 229       return FALSE;
 230     }
 231
 232     $file = fopen($name, 'w');
 233     if ($file === FALSE) {
 234       return FALSE;
 235     }
 236
 237     $written = fwrite($file, $contents);
 238     $closed = fclose($file);
 239     if ($written === FALSE or !$closed) {
 240       return FALSE;
 241     }
 242
 243     return TRUE;
 244   }
 245
 246   /**
 247    * Appends trailing slashed to paths
 248    *
 249    * @param $name
 250    * @param null $separator
 251    *
 252    * @return string
 253    * @access public
 254    * @static
 255    */
 256   static function addTrailingSlash($name, $separator = NULL) {
 257     if (!$separator) {
 258       $separator = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
 259     }
 260
 261     if (substr($name, -1, 1) != $separator) {
 262       $name .= $separator;
 263     }
 264     return $name;
 265   }
 266
 267   /**
 268    * @param $dsn
 269    * @param $fileName
 270    * @param null $prefix
 271    * @param bool $isQueryString
 272    * @param bool $dieOnErrors
 273    */
 274   static function sourceSQLFile($dsn, $fileName, $prefix = NULL, $isQueryString = FALSE, $dieOnErrors = TRUE) {
 275     require_once 'DB.php';
 276
 277     $db = DB::connect($dsn);
 278     if (PEAR::isError($db)) {
 279       die("Cannot open $dsn: " . $db->getMessage());
 280     }
 281     if (CRM_Utils_Constant::value('CIVICRM_MYSQL_STRICT', CRM_Utils_System::isDevelopment())) {
 282       $db->query('SET SESSION sql_mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES');
 283     }
 284
 285     if (!$isQueryString) {
 286       $string = $prefix . file_get_contents($fileName);
 287     }
 288     else {
 289       // use filename as query string
 290       $string = $prefix . $fileName;
 291     }
 292
 293     //get rid of comments starting with # and --
 294
 295     $string = preg_replace("/^#[^\n]*$/m", "\n", $string);
 296     $string = preg_replace("/^(--[^-]).*/m", "\n", $string);
 297
 298     $queries = preg_split('/;\s*$/m', $string);
 299     foreach ($queries as $query) {
 300       $query = trim($query);
 301       if (!empty($query)) {
 302         CRM_Core_Error::debug_query($query);
 303         $res = &$db->query($query);
 304         if (PEAR::isError($res)) {
 305           if ($dieOnErrors) {
 306             die("Cannot execute $query: " . $res->getMessage());
 307           }
 308           else {
 309             echo "Cannot execute $query: " . $res->getMessage() . "<p>";
 310           }
 311         }
 312       }
 313     }
 314   }
 315
 316   /**
 317    * @param $ext
 318    *
 319    * @return bool
 320    */
 321   static function isExtensionSafe($ext) {
 322     static $extensions = NULL;
 323     if (!$extensions) {
 324       $extensions = CRM_Core_OptionGroup::values('safe_file_extension', TRUE);
 325
 326       //make extensions to lowercase
 327       $extensions = array_change_key_case($extensions, CASE_LOWER);
 328       // allow html/htm extension ONLY if the user is admin
 329       // and/or has access CiviMail
 330       if (!(CRM_Core_Permission::check('access CiviMail') ||
 331           CRM_Core_Permission::check('administer CiviCRM') ||
 332           (CRM_Mailing_Info::workflowEnabled() &&
 333             CRM_Core_Permission::check('create mailings')
 334           )
 335         )) {
 336         unset($extensions['html']);
 337         unset($extensions['htm']);
 338       }
 339     }
 340     //support lower and uppercase file extensions
 341     return isset($extensions[strtolower($ext)]) ? TRUE : FALSE;
 342   }
 343
 344   /**
 345    * Determine whether a given file is listed in the PHP include path
 346    *
 347    * @param string $name name of file
 348    *
 349    * @return boolean  whether the file can be include()d or require()d
 350    */
 351   static function isIncludable($name) {
 352     $x = @fopen($name, 'r', TRUE);
 353     if ($x) {
 354       fclose($x);
 355       return TRUE;
 356     }
 357     else {
 358       return FALSE;
 359     }
 360   }
 361
 362   /**
 363    * remove the 32 bit md5 we add to the fileName
 364    * also remove the unknown tag if we added it
 365    */
 366   static function cleanFileName($name) {
 367     // replace the last 33 character before the '.' with null
 368     $name = preg_replace('/(_[\w]{32})\./', '.', $name);
 369     return $name;
 370   }
 371
 372   /**
 373    * @param $name
 374    *
 375    * @return string
 376    */
 377   static function makeFileName($name) {
 378     $uniqID   = md5(uniqid(rand(), TRUE));
 379     $info     = pathinfo($name);
 380     $basename = substr($info['basename'],
 381       0, -(strlen(CRM_Utils_Array::value('extension', $info)) + (CRM_Utils_Array::value('extension', $info) == '' ? 0 : 1))
 382     );
 383     if (!self::isExtensionSafe(CRM_Utils_Array::value('extension', $info))) {
 384       // munge extension so it cannot have an embbeded dot in it
 385       // The maximum length of a filename for most filesystems is 255 chars.
 386       // We'll truncate at 240 to give some room for the extension.
 387       return CRM_Utils_String::munge("{$basename}_" . CRM_Utils_Array::value('extension', $info) . "_{$uniqID}", '_', 240) . ".unknown";
 388     }
 389     else {
 390       return CRM_Utils_String::munge("{$basename}_{$uniqID}", '_', 240) . "." . CRM_Utils_Array::value('extension', $info);
 391     }
 392   }
 393
 394   /**
 395    * @param $path
 396    * @param $ext
 397    *
 398    * @return array
 399    */
 400   static function getFilesByExtension($path, $ext) {
 401     $path  = self::addTrailingSlash($path);
 402     $dh    = opendir($path);
 403     $files = array();
 404     while (FALSE !== ($elem = readdir($dh))) {
 405       if (substr($elem, -(strlen($ext) + 1)) == '.' . $ext) {
 406         $files[] .= $path . $elem;
 407       }
 408     }
 409     closedir($dh);
 410     return $files;
 411   }
 412
 413   /**
 414    * Restrict access to a given directory (by planting there a restrictive .htaccess file)
 415    *
 416    * @param string $dir the directory to be secured
 417    * @param bool $overwrite
 418    */
 419   static function restrictAccess($dir, $overwrite = FALSE) {
 420     // note: empty value for $dir can play havoc, since that might result in putting '.htaccess' to root dir
 421     // of site, causing site to stop functioning.
 422     // FIXME: we should do more checks here -
 423     if (!empty($dir) && is_dir($dir)) {
 424       $htaccess = <<<HTACCESS
 425 <Files "*">
 426   Order allow,deny
 427   Deny from all
 428 </Files>
 429
 430 HTACCESS;
 431       $file = $dir . '.htaccess';
 432       if ($overwrite || !file_exists($file)) {
 433         if (file_put_contents($file, $htaccess) === FALSE) {
 434           CRM_Core_Error::movedSiteError($file);
 435         }
 436       }
 437     }
 438   }
 439
 440   /**
 441    * Restrict remote users from browsing the given directory.
 442    *
 443    * @param $publicDir
 444    */
 445   static function restrictBrowsing($publicDir) {
 446     if (!is_dir($publicDir) || !is_writable($publicDir)) {
 447       return;
 448     }
 449
 450     // base dir
 451     $nobrowse = realpath($publicDir) . '/index.html';
 452     if (!file_exists($nobrowse)) {
 453       @file_put_contents($nobrowse, '');
 454     }
 455
 456     // child dirs
 457     $dir = new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($publicDir);
 458     foreach ($dir as $name => $object) {
 459       if (is_dir($name) && $name != '..') {
 460         $nobrowse = realpath($name) . '/index.html';
 461         if (!file_exists($nobrowse)) {
 462           @file_put_contents($nobrowse, '');
 463         }
 464       }
 465     }
 466   }
 467
 468   /**
 469    * Create the base file path from which all our internal directories are
 470    * offset. This is derived from the template compile directory set
 471    */
 472   static function baseFilePath($templateCompileDir = NULL) {
 473     static $_path = NULL;
 474     if (!$_path) {
 475       if ($templateCompileDir == NULL) {
 476         $config = CRM_Core_Config::singleton();
 477         $templateCompileDir = $config->templateCompileDir;
 478       }
 479
 480       $path = dirname($templateCompileDir);
 481
 482       //this fix is to avoid creation of upload dirs inside templates_c directory
 483       $checkPath = explode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $path);
 484
 485       $cnt = count($checkPath) - 1;
 486       if ($checkPath[$cnt] == 'templates_c') {
 487         unset($checkPath[$cnt]);
 488         $path = implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $checkPath);
 489       }
 490
 491       $_path = CRM_Utils_File::addTrailingSlash($path);
 492     }
 493     return $_path;
 494   }
 495
 496   /**
 497    * @param $directory
 498    *
 499    * @return string
 500    */
 501   static function relativeDirectory($directory) {
 502     // Do nothing on windows
 503     if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) === 'WIN') {
 504       return $directory;
 505     }
 506
 507     // check if directory is relative, if so return immediately
 508     if (substr($directory, 0, 1) != DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) {
 509       return $directory;
 510     }
 511
 512     // make everything relative from the baseFilePath
 513     $basePath = self::baseFilePath();
 514     // check if basePath is a substr of $directory, if so
 515     // return rest of string
 516     if (substr($directory, 0, strlen($basePath)) == $basePath) {
 517       return substr($directory, strlen($basePath));
 518     }
 519
 520     // return the original value
 521     return $directory;
 522   }
 523
 524   /**
 525    * @param $directory
 526    *
 527    * @return string
 528    */
 529   static function absoluteDirectory($directory) {
 530     // Do nothing on windows - config will need to specify absolute path
 531     if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) === 'WIN') {
 532       return $directory;
 533     }
 534
 535     // check if directory is already absolute, if so return immediately
 536     if (substr($directory, 0, 1) == DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) {
 537       return $directory;
 538     }
 539
 540     // make everything absolute from the baseFilePath
 541     $basePath = self::baseFilePath();
 542
 543     return $basePath . $directory;
 544   }
 545
 546   /**
 547    * Make a file path relative to some base dir
 548    *
 549    * @param $directory
 550    * @param $basePath
 551    *
 552    * @return string
 553    */
 554   static function relativize($directory, $basePath) {
 555     if (substr($directory, 0, strlen($basePath)) == $basePath) {
 556       return substr($directory, strlen($basePath));
 557     } else {
 558       return $directory;
 559     }
 560   }
 561
 562   /**
 563    * Create a path to a temporary file which can endure for multiple requests
 564    *
 565    * TODO: Automatic file cleanup using, eg, TTL policy
 566    *
 567    * @param $prefix string
 568    *
 569    * @return string, path to an openable/writable file
 570    * @see tempnam
 571    */
 572   static function tempnam($prefix = 'tmp-') {
 573     //$config = CRM_Core_Config::singleton();
 574     //$nonce = md5(uniqid() . $config->dsn . $config->userFrameworkResourceURL);
 575     //$fileName = "{$config->configAndLogDir}" . $prefix . $nonce . $suffix;
 576     $fileName = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), $prefix);
 577     return $fileName;
 578   }
 579
 580   /**
 581    * Create a path to a temporary directory which can endure for multiple requests
 582    *
 583    * TODO: Automatic file cleanup using, eg, TTL policy
 584    *
 585    * @param $prefix string
 586    *
 587    * @return string, path to an openable/writable directory; ends with '/'
 588    * @see tempnam
 589    */
 590   static function tempdir($prefix = 'tmp-') {
 591     $fileName = self::tempnam($prefix);
 592     unlink($fileName);
 593     mkdir($fileName, 0700);
 594     return $fileName . '/';
 595   }
 596
 597   /**
 598    * Search directory tree for files which match a glob pattern.
 599    *
 600    * Note: Dot-directories (like "..", ".git", or ".svn") will be ignored.
 601    *
 602    * @param $dir string, base dir
 603    * @param $pattern string, glob pattern, eg "*.txt"
 604    * @return array(string)
 605    */
 606   static function findFiles($dir, $pattern) {
 607     $todos = array($dir);
 608     $result = array();
 609     while (!empty($todos)) {
 610       $subdir = array_shift($todos);
 611       $matches = glob("$subdir/$pattern");
 612       if (is_array($matches)) {
 613         foreach ($matches as $match) {
 614           if (!is_dir($match)) {
 615             $result[] = $match;
 616           }
 617         }
 618       }
 619       $dh = opendir($subdir);
 620       if ($dh) {
 621         while (FALSE !== ($entry = readdir($dh))) {
 622           $path = $subdir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $entry;
 623           if ($entry{0} == '.') {
 624             // ignore
 625           } elseif (is_dir($path)) {
 626             $todos[] = $path;
 627           }
 628         }
 629         closedir($dh);
 630       }
 631     }
 632     return $result;
 633   }
 634
 635   /**
 636    * Determine if $child is a sub-directory of $parent
 637    *
 638    * @param string $parent
 639    * @param string $child
 640    * @param bool $checkRealPath
 641    *
 642    * @return bool
 643    */
 644   static function isChildPath($parent, $child, $checkRealPath = TRUE) {
 645     if ($checkRealPath) {
 646       $parent = realpath($parent);
 647       $child = realpath($child);
 648     }
 649     $parentParts = explode('/', rtrim($parent, '/'));
 650     $childParts = explode('/', rtrim($child, '/'));
 651     while (($parentPart = array_shift($parentParts)) !== NULL) {
 652       $childPart = array_shift($childParts);
 653       if ($parentPart != $childPart) {
 654         return FALSE;
 655       }
 656     }
 657     if (empty($childParts)) {
 658       return FALSE; // same directory
 659     } else {
 660       return TRUE;
 661     }
 662   }
 663
 664   /**
 665    * Move $fromDir to $toDir, replacing/deleting any
 666    * pre-existing content.
 667    *
 668    * @param string $fromDir the directory which should be moved
 669    * @param string $toDir the new location of the directory
 670    * @param bool $verbose
 671    *
 672    * @return bool TRUE on success
 673    */
 674   static function replaceDir($fromDir, $toDir, $verbose = FALSE) {
 675     if (is_dir($toDir)) {
 676       if (!self::cleanDir($toDir, TRUE, $verbose)) {
 677         return FALSE;
 678       }
 679     }
 680
 681     // return rename($fromDir, $toDir); // CRM-11987, https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=54097
 682
 683     CRM_Utils_File::copyDir($fromDir, $toDir);
 684     if (!CRM_Utils_File::cleanDir($fromDir, TRUE, FALSE)) {
 685        CRM_Core_Session::setStatus(ts('Failed to clean temp dir: %1', array(1 => $fromDir)), '', 'alert');
 686       return FALSE;
 687     }
 688     return TRUE;
 689   }
 690
 691   /**
 692    * Create a static file (e.g. css or js) in the dynamic resource directory
 693    * Note: if the file already exists it will be overwritten
 694    * @param string $fileName
 695    * @param string $contents
 696    */
 697   static function addDynamicResource($fileName, $contents) {
 698     // First ensure the directory exists
 699     $path = self::dynamicResourcePath();
 700     if (!is_dir($path)) {
 701       self::createDir($path);
 702       self::restrictBrowsing($path);
 703     }
 704     file_put_contents("$path/$fileName", $contents);
 705   }
 706
 707   /**
 708    * Get the path of a dynamic resource file
 709    * With no fileName supplied, returns the path of the directory
 710    * @param string $fileName
 711    * @return string
 712    */
 713   static function dynamicResourcePath($fileName = NULL) {
 714     $config = CRM_Core_Config::singleton();
 715     // FIXME: Use self::baseFilePath once url issue has been resolved
 716     $path = self::addTrailingSlash(str_replace('/persist/contribute', '', $config->imageUploadDir)) . 'dynamic';
 717     if ($fileName !== NULL) {
 718       $path .= "/$fileName";
 719     }
 720     return $path;
 721   }
 722
 723   /**
 724    * Get the URL of a dynamic resource file
 725    * @param string $fileName
 726    * @return string
 727    */
 728   static function dynamicResourceUrl($fileName) {
 729     $config = CRM_Core_Config::singleton();
 730     // FIXME: Need a better way of getting the url of the baseFilePath
 731     return self::addTrailingSlash(str_replace('/persist/contribute', '', $config->imageUploadURL)) . 'dynamic/' . $fileName;
 732   }
 733
 734   /**
 735    * Delete all files from the dynamic resource directory
 736    */
 737   static function flushDynamicResources() {
 738     $files = glob(self::dynamicResourcePath('*'));
 739     foreach ($files ? $files : array() as $file) {
 740       if (is_file($file)) {
 741         unlink($file);
 742       }
 743     }
 744   }
 745 }
 746